• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.798-803
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• 2015

1년간 측정된 개방 및 인접 비개방 전각의 실내 온습도 및 목재 기둥 내측의 표면함수율을 문헌조사를 통해 확인된 목재 가해균류 포자 발아와 생육이 가능한 최소 온습도(최소 습도의 지속기간 포함)와 목재 함수율과 비교하는 간접적인 방법으로 전각 개방이 전각 내부 보존환경에 미치는 영향을 예측하였다. 개방 여부에 관계없이 연중 전각 내부의 온습도 및 목재 함수율 조건은 부후균과 변재변색균의 생육에는 부적절하였으나 장마철이 포함된 여름철 전각 내부의 온습도 및 목재 함수율 조건은 표면오염균의 생육에 적절하였다. 표면오염균 생육을 위한 상대습도 및 목재 함수율 조건, 즉 실내 상대습도가 75% 이상으로 상승한 후 지속되는 기간과 목재 기둥 내측의 표면함수율이 15% 이상으로 상승되는 총 일수를 비교할 때, 전각 내부의 표면오염균 관련 보존환경은 개방 전각이 비개방 전각에 비해 다소 우수하다고 할 수 있다. 오히려 비개방 전각의 경우, 외기 상대습도가 높아지는 여름철에는 전각 내부의 상대습도를 낮추기 위해 문을 개방할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2008

국내산 주요 침엽수 소경목의 활용 방안으로 리기다소나무를 이용한 목재 모형 사방댐을 제작하여 강도 성능을 평가하였다. 목재 모형 사방댐은 직경 90 mm의 CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole) 처리한 리기다소나무 방부 원주목을 사용하여 3 Type으로 접합부를 달리하여 제작하였다. 각 Type별 사방댐은 횡목 5층 종목 4층 총 9층의 높이 790 mm로 제작 하였으며 수평 재하 시험과 충격 시험을 통한 강도 성능 평가와 화상처리를 통한 구조물의 변형을 검토 하였다. 직경 90 mm의 원주목을 사용한 목재 모형 사방댐의 수평 재하 시험 결과 직결나사를 사용한 경우 쇄석의 유무는 강도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았지만 변형은 23% 감소하였다. 전선볼트를 사용한 일체형 사방댐의 경우 쇄석을 채운 경우 1.5배 강도가 증가하고 변형은 감소하였다. 직결나사에 고리가 달린 전선볼트로 보강한 경우 4.8배 강도가 증가하였다. 직경 90 mm 목재 모형 사방댐의 충격 시험 결과 쇄석을 채우지 않은 직결나사 사방댐은 1회 충격에 구조물 전체가 파괴되었으며 전선볼트를 사용한 사방댐은 1회 충격시 779 kgf의 충격이 직접적으로 가해지는 횡목에서 파괴되었다. 2회 충격시 기초부가 파괴되며 545 kgf로 반력이 감소하였고 3회 충격시 기초부 전체가 파괴되며 263 kgf로 반력이 감소하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2000

본 연구는 CCA 2호를 이용한 소나무, 낙엽송, 북양가문비나무 원추가공재의 가압 방부처리시 처리변수가 처리도(방부제의 침투깊이와 보유량)에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 처리변수로는 전배기 시간(30, 45, 또는 60분)과 최대 가압력 (8.5, 10.5, 또는 14.0 kg/$cm^2$)이 조사되었으며, 가압은 목재 내로 방부제가 더 이상 주입되지 않는 refusal point까지 지속되었다. 수종에 관계없이 전배기 시간의 30분 이상 연장은 처리도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그리고 가압력의 증가는 방부제 침투깊이에는 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 보유량에는 영향을 미쳤다. 전반적으로 볼 때, 방부제의 침투깊이는 소나무>북양가문비나무${\geq}$낙엽송의 순이었는데 변재폭이 넓은 소나무는 적용된 압력에 관계없이 사용환경구분 H5 지역에 사용할 수 있는 CCA 처리재의 최소 방부제 침투깊이를 만족하였다. 그러나 변재폭이 좁은 낙엽송과 북양가문비나무는 방부제 침투깊이가 깊지 않아 자상처리 등 처리도 개선을 위한 전처리가 필요하였다. 소나무의 보유량은 가압력의 영향을 받지 않았으나, 난주입수종인 낙엽송과 북양가문비나무의 경우 가압력 14.0 kg/$cm^2$ 에서는 유의성이 인정되는 보유량의 증가가 관찰되었다. 방부제의 목재내 침투가 종료되는 시점인 refusal point에 대한 처리조건의 영향은 불분명하였으나, 가압 소요시간은 북양가문비나무>낙엽송>소나무 순으로 변재율이 높을수록 전반적으로 가압 소요시간이 단축됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.7-28
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• 2012

This study is intended to Mindori structure which is general private houses' structural type among traditional types and is a basic study to confirm structural characteristics of Hwatong connection which is general connection type of column-beam-cross beam. It is aimed to analyze how main member, column, such as size, figure, thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup affect on structure. Following conclusions are drawn. 1. According to connection conditions, models with big coefficient of friction show stable hysteretic behavior until the angle rotation of member reaches 1/60 and models with small coefficient of friction show dramatical increase in load after the angle rotation of member reaches 1/24. After the angle rotation of member reaches 1/30, separation distance of members is identified physically and cracks are not observed. 2. Specimens with big coefficient of friction show similar inner force regardless of column size(except column size 150mm) and models with small coefficient of friction show increasing inner force as the column size increases. Specimens with same sectional area have similar inner force even though the column figures are different. The thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup doesn't affect inner force greatly, however, when the thickness of Sungetuk is thin, it could lead to failure of structure as it breaks. 3. The bigger the size of column and the coefficient of friction are, the smaller Bending stiffness depreciation ratio is. 4. Energy Dissipation Efficiency differs from the coefficient of friction. When the coefficient of friction is big, square column shows bigger than round one and it is bigger when the thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup is thicker. When the coefficient of friction is small, round column shows bigger than square one.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to find at the basic data for the appropriate conditions of the pillows for the Koreans. In this study, the origins, materials, the forms and the sizes of Korean pillows have been investigated by means of existing remains and the existing documentary records. The results are as follows : 1) We can infer that ordinary pillows have already been used in a period of the three kingdoms, because the pillows for the dead bodies been unearthed from the tombs of this period. 2) Round pillows which are used nowadays to rest our heads have also been utilized as early as in Koryo Dynasty or even in the previous period. It is because the pillows described in Koryo dakeyung are similar to the present round ones. Most of the existing Koryo pillows have been made fo ceramics. Their average length is 20.0$\pm$5.4cm, the average low height is 9.7$\pm$0.9cm, and their average high height is 11.8$\pm$1.2cm. 3) The material which has been used to make pillows in Choson Dynasty is various : textile, wood, rush, bamboo, ceramics, etc. Most of them have been made in a round form or in a form of lying square. The average low height of lying squares is 8.1$\pm$2.5cm. The average high height is 11.9$\pm$1.9cm, and the average lenght is 19.0$\pm$5.6cm. The average diameter of embroidered pads attached to both sides of round pillows or the average length of one side of regular squares is 12.5$\pm$2.3cm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

팔만대장경판을 보관하고 있는 장경판전 내부의 판가 기둥에 대하여 생물적 열화 특성을 조사 연구하였다. 장경판전의 법보전과 수다라장의 판가기둥을 대상으로 연구 검토한 결과, 서가의 위치 및 부위 그리고 주변 환경에 따라 다양한 열화 현상이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 부재의 주요 열화는 미생물에 의한 부후현상으로 밝혀졌으나, 부후가 나타난 부분들은 초석에 접촉된 부위였으며 부후 정도가 매우 극심한 상태를 보였다. 법보전 판가기둥 부후가 더 심했다. 부후형은 백색부후형이 많았다. 그리고 일부판가기둥에서는 곰팡이류의 표면오염이 극심한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 동북, 서북, 북향에 위치한 부재에 더 심한 열화가 나타났으며 건물내부의 전면보다는 후면에 위치한 판가 부재의 부후가 심한 것으로 밝혀졌다 해충에 의한 피해는 거의 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.295-308
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• 2023

This study applied a real-time IoT (Internet of Things) environmental monitoring system to wooden cultural heritages (WCHs) located in suburbs and forests in Korea. It automated the graphs of seasonal Temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) changes inside the heritage structures and seasonal Performance Index (PI) values. While utilizing line graphs of the existing T and RH change trends and a bar graph expressing the PI values, this study examined the current status of the conservation environment inside the WCHs throughout the year and its diagnosis. Consequently, at higher latitudes, the organic cultural heritage repeatedly experienced large T fluctuations, and the risk of physical and chemical degradation of the materials was greater. However, the RH showed significant seasonal differences, even within the same latitude, indicating that the impact of latitude was not significant. Therefore, the staff in charge must manage RH by considering the surrounding environmental conditions and adjusting the internal environment of the structures. The PI values for the year-round T and RH inside the heritages were confirmed to only be a maximum of approximately 60% of the environmental suitability for conservation throughout the year, depending on the season. The relationship between the germination and growth potential period of xerophilic fungi and the monthly internal temperature and humidity in five heritages located at different latitudes was analyzed. As a result, we could thus determine that four particular months of the year (June-September) represent the periods with the highest risk of damage from xerophilic fungi in the country, regardless of latitude.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2009

The rice hull could be the one of the most abundant agricultural waste in Korea. Since the efficient utilization of agricultural waste or byproducts of food industry would be critical for the sustainable growth, this study conducted the investigation of the chemical composition and the morphological properties of rice hull and rice hull fiber. It was found that there was big difference between the outer surface and the inner surface in the chemical composition and the morphological properties. Expecially, the outer surface showed the rugged patterns in which most of silica of rice hull existed. Little or no silica was found in the inner surface and rice hull fiber. The average fiber length of rice hull fiber was 0.45mm which was shorter than that of hardwood fiber. Rice hull fiber showed a round long shape which is typical shape of non-wood fibers

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1977

Few changes were found in the mouths of 52 smokers were examined as a part of program to evaluate the oral health of Korean smokers. 52 smokers and 30 non-smokers were performed careful oral examination. In many of smokers, heavy, black deposits are found on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth and leukoplakia were obsreved in 2 subjects and varied merely in the severity of the involvement. Cytologic studies were carried out on 60 oral smears from the hard palate, buccal mucosa, and gingiva. Smears were taken wit a wood spatula scraped over the mucosal surface. After fixation the slides were stained using the papanicolau cells without nuclei. The cornified cells were smaller than the noncornified cells and stained a deep brown or orange as compared with the blue or red of the large, round or polygonal cells in nonkeratinized regions of oral mucosa. Abnormal cell forms, suggestive of malignancy were not found in smears from the mucosa of smokers. Cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei and elongated, spindle-type cells with large nuclei were not observed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1993

Prolactin has been reported to be present in the tear film of humans and prolactin-like immunoreactivity has been detected by immunofluorescence in acinar cells of the lacrimal glands of humans and rats. The present study was aimed at clarifying the intracellular distribution of the prolactin-like immunoreactivity, using the electron microscope immunogold technique. The lacrimal gland acinar cells have two types of secretory granules: 1) Secretory granules containing flocculent materials irregularly shaped and are often coalesced. 2) Secretory granules are fairly round and contain homogenous materials of a moderate electron density. The density of the granular content varies even within a single cell. We found prolactin-like reactivity in secretory granules, some smaller cytosolic vesicles, Golgi cisternae and nuclei in acinar cells from intact glands of rat. Our present results are consistent with the conclusion that prolactin is present in lacrimal cells. The presence of prolactin reactivity in the nucleus suggests that prolactin may be a regulatory factor modulating gene expression.