• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2004

A frame element embedded normal to a shear wall or slab (shell element) is common in the structural systems. In that case there is a need for a membrane or shell element to have a normal rotation degree of freedom at each node in order to have a good result of stresses. Even if Many other people studied this area, All man, Cook and Sabir are representative investigators in this area. In this research paper, Sabir's methods of vertex rotation stiffness matrix in a membrane element are studied. New stiffness of vertex rotation are proposed by taking advantage of beam stiffness theory. Rectangular elements stiffness with rotational degree of freedom are compared in accuracy ratio each other.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2008

할선강성을 이용하여 모멘트저항골조의 모멘트재분배를 수행하는 선형해석법을 연구하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 모멘트재분배가 요구되는 부재의 소성힌지에 회전스프링을 모델링한 후, 이 스프링의 할선 강성을 조정하여 비탄성변형으로 인해 저감된 부재의 휨강성을 반영한다. 회전스프링의 할선강성을 조정하여 선형해석한 결과, 해당 부재와 전체 구조물에서 힘의 평형이 만족될 때까지 계산을 반복한다. 할선강성해석을 통해, 소성힌지의 비탄성변형에 의한 하중의 재분배가 고려될 수 있으며, 해당 소성힌지에서의 요구회전변형이 변형능력을 초과하지 않는지 비교함으로써 안전성을 평가할 수 있다. 검증을 위해, 제안된 방법은 기존의 연속보에 대한 실험연구와 비교되었으며, 기존건물의 평가에 적용되었다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

On the basis of the explicit time-domain method, an investigation is performed on the influence of the rotational stiffness and rotational damping of the vehicle body and front-rear bogies on the dynamic responses of the vehicle-bridge coupled systems. The equation of motion for the vehicle subsystem is derived employing rigid dynamical theories without considering the rotational stiffness and rotational damping of the vehicle body, as well as the front-rear bogies. The explicit expressions for the dynamic responses of the vehicle and bridge subsystems to contact forces are generated utilizing the explicit time-domain method. Due to the compact wheel-rail model, which reflects the compatibility requirement of the two subsystems, the explicit expression of the evolutionary statistical moment for the contact forces may be performed with relative ease. Then, the evolutionary statistical moments for the respective responses of the two subsystems can be determined. The numerical results indicate that the simplification of vehicle model has little effect on the responses of the bridge subsystem and the vehicle body, except for the responses of the rotational degrees of freedom for the vehicle subsystem, regardless of whether deterministic or random analyses are performed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2024

During strong seismic events, inelastic shear deformation occurs in beam-column joints. To capture inelastic shear deformation, an analytical model for beam-column joint in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures has been proposed in this study. The proposed model has been developed using a rotational spring and rigid links. The stiffness properties of the rotational spring element have been assigned in terms of a moment rotation curve developed from the shear stress-strain backbone curve. The inelastic rotation behavior of joint has been categorized in three stages viz. cracking, yielding and ultimate. The joint shear stress and strain values at these stages have been estimated using analytical models and experimental database respectively. The stiffness properties of joint rotational spring have been modified by incorporating a geometry factor based on dimensions of adjoining beam and column members. The hysteretic response of the joint rotational spring has been defined by a pivot hysteresis model. The response of the proposed analytical model has been verified initially at the component level and later at the structural level with the two actually tested RC frame structures. The proposed joint model effectively emulates the inelastic behavior precisely with the experimental results at component as well as at structural levels.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.869-877
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• 2013

Tension force of hanger ropes has been recognized and utilized as an important parameter for health monitoring of suspension bridges. Conventional vibration method based on string theory has been utilized to estimate tension forces of relatively long hanger ropes without any problem, however it is convinced that the vibration method is not applicable for shorter hanger ropes in which the influence of flexural stiffness is not ignorable. Therefore, as an alternative of vibration method, a number of feasibility studies of system identification(SI) technique considering flexural stiffness of the hanger ropes are recently performed. In this study, the influence of support condition of the finite element model utilized for the SI method is investigated with numerical examples. The numerical examples are prepared with the specification of the Kwang-Ahn bridge hanger ropes, and it is revealed that the estimation result of the tension force can be varied from -21.6 % to +35.3 % of the exact value according to the consideration of the support condition of FE model. Therefore, it is concluded that the rotational stiffness of the support spring should be included to the list of the identification parameters of the FE model to improve the result of tension estimation.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2012

상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부는 T-stub의 두께, 고력볼트 게이지 거리 등의 주요 변수 조합에 따라서 보통모멘트골조 혹은 특수모멘트골조에 적합한 접합부로 사용된다. 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부가 안전한 구조거동을 발휘하기 위해서는 건축구조기준에서 규정한 층간변위각 및 접합부모멘트에 대한 요구사항을 만족하여야 한다. 이러한 요구사항 조건의 충족여부를 파악하기 위해서는 접합부의 회전강성 및 한계소성모멘트에 대한 예측이 필수적이다. 따라서 이 연구는 일차적으로 정적하중을 받는 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부의 회전강성 예측을 위한 해석모델 제안을 위하여 진행하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 3차원 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 제안한 해석모델의 적용 적합성은 기존의 해석모델 및 실험결과와 비교 검토하여 입증하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2019

Magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) rotatory dampers are normally used for controlling the constant rotation of machines and engines. In this research, such a device is proposed to act as variable stiffness device to alleviate the rotational oscillation existing in the many engineering applications, such as motor. Under such thought, the main purpose of this work is to characterize the nonlinear torque-angular displacement/angular velocity responses of an MRF based variable stiffness device in oscillatory motion. A rotational hysteresis model, consisting of a rotatory spring, a rotatory viscous damping element and an error function-based hysteresis element, is proposed, which is capable of describing the unique dynamical characteristics of this smart device. To estimate the optimal model parameters, a modified whale optimization algorithm (MWOA) is employed on the captured experimental data of torque, angular displacement and angular velocity under various excitation conditions. In MWOA, a nonlinear algorithm parameter updating mechanism is adopted to replace the traditional linear one, enhancing the global search ability initially and the local search ability at the later stage of the algorithm evolution. Additionally, the immune operation is introduced in the whale individual selection, improving the identification accuracy of solution. Finally, the dynamic testing results are used to validate the performance of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.307-311
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• 2007

In the case of the railway bridges, uplift forces were occurred at the edge of the segments when vehicular loads were applied. These forces made the compressive and tensile forces occur in the fastening system. Therefore, the structural analysis was performed to investigate the safety of fastening system which was modeled as one directional spring element. In this case, the stiffness of the spring element was obtained from experimental study which was conducted by compressive load. For that reason, to perform rational and exact structural analysis, the translational stiffness of the fastening system obtained from the experimental study applied the tensile load and the rotational stiffness should be considered because it was occurred the tensile force as well as the compressive force in fastening system. In this study, an elastic and inelastic experimental study was performed for six specimens. The translational stiffness along the vertical axis of rail and the rotational stiffness along the strong axis of rail were investigated. Also structural behavior of the fastening system was analyzed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.891-906
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to propose a modification factor to reflect the lateral stiffness modification when a step is located in flat plates. Reinforced concrete slabs with steps have different structural characteristics that are demonstrated by a series of structural experiment and nonlinear analyses. The corner at the step is weak and flexible, and the associated rotational stiffness degradation at the corner of the step is identified through analyses of 6 types of models using a nonlinear finite element program. Then a systematic analysis of stiffness changes is performed using a linear finite element procedure along with rotational springs. The lateral stiffness of reinforced concrete flat plates with steps is mainly affected by the step length, location, thickness and height. Therefore, a single modification factor for each of these variables is obtained, while other variables are constrained. When multiple variables are considered, each single modification factor is multiplied by the other. Such a method is verified by a comparative analysis. Finally, a complex modification factor can be applied to the existing effective slab width.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.711-723
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• 2015

This study investigates the identification of added mass and its location in the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beam structures. The main emphasis of this paper is to ascertain the importance of inclusion of rotational degrees of freedom (dofs) in the introduction of added mass or damage identification. Two identification indices that include the rotational dofs have been introduced in this paper: the modal force index (MFI) and the modal rotational curvature index (MRCI). The MFI amplifies damage signature using undamaged numerical stiffness matrix which is related to changes in the altered mode shapes from the original mode shapes. The MRCI is obtained by using a higher derivative of rotational mode shapes. Experimental and numerical results are compared with the existing methods leading to a conclusion that the contributions of the rotational modes play a key role in the identification of added mass. The authors believe that the similar results are likely in the case of damage identification also.