• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.223-234
• /
• 2023

The use of displacement-dependent rotational friction dampers (RFD) as fuses or interchangeable elements in the moment-resisting frames (MRF) is one of the newest methods for improving seismic performance. In the present study, the performance of rotational friction dampers in MRF has been investigated. Evaluation of MRF with and without RFD models was performed using the finite element method by ABAQUS. For validation, an MRF and MRF with rotational friction dampers were modeled that had been experimentally tested and reported in previous experimental research and a good agreement was observed. The behavior of these dampers in frames of 3-, 6-, and 9-story was studied by modeling the damper directly. Nonlinear time history dynamic analysis was used. It was observed that by increasing the number of stories in the buildings, rotational friction dampers should be used to perform properly against earthquakes. The installation of rotational friction dampers in steel moment-resisting frames shows that the drift ratio between the floors is reduced and the seismic performance of these frames is improved.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2018

This study examined the maximum resistant moment and nonlinear rotational stiffness of wedge joint between the vertical and horizontal members of system supports. To examine the maximum resistant moment and propose the nonlinear rotation stiffness of wedge joint, 6 specimens were tested and additional 3 specimens, where the horizontal member was welded to the vertical member, were tested to compare the moment capacity of wedge joints. The average maximum moment in the tested wedge joint was 1.183 kNm which represented about 70 % of the maximum moment developed in the welded specimens. And, as simulating nonlinear rotational stiffness of the wedge joint, a tri-linear model was suggested. The rotational stiffness was estimated as 23.095 kNm/rad in first stage, 7.945 kNm/rad in second stage, and 3.073 kNm/rad in third stage. For the failure mode, the specimen with the wedge joint showed the failure of joint between vertical and horizontal members. However, the specimen with welded joint represented the yielding of horizontal members.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.175-187
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between Achilles tendon angle, angular velocity from 2D cinematography utilized to easily analyze the functions of shoes, ankle joint moment, knee joint moment, and hip joint moment from 3D cinematography utilized to predict the injury. Also, this study was to provide the optimal standard to analyze the injury related to the shoes. Subjects in this study were 30 university male students and 18 conditions (2 types of running speed, 3 of midsole hardness, 3 of midsole height) were measured using cinematography and force platform. The results were as following. 1) Hip joint abduction moment was effected by many variables such as running speed, midsole height, maximum achilles tendon angle, ground reaction force. 2) Knee joint rotational moment in running was approximately 1/10 - 1/4 times of the injury critical value and eversion moment was approximately 1/4 - 1/2 times of the injury critical value. 3) Ankle joint pronation moment in running was 1/3 - 1/2 times of the injury critical value. 4) Knee joint rotational moment was found to be irrelevant with maximum achilles tendon angle or angular velocity. 5) Pronation from running was thought to be relevant to rather eversion moment activity than rotational moment activity of knee joint. 6) Plantar flexion abductor of ankle showed significant relationship with the ground reaction force variable. 7) When the loading rate for ground reaction force in passive region increased, extensor tended to be exposed to the injury. Main variables in biomechanical analysis of shoes were impact absorption and pronation. Among these variables, pronation factor was reported to be relevant with knee injury from long duration exercise. Achilles tendon angle factor was utilized frequently to evaluate this. However, as the results of this study showed, the relationship between these variables and injury relating variable of knee moment was so important. Studies without consideration on this finding should be reconsidered and reconfirmed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.147-161
• /
• 2014

In this paper a nonlinear finite element analysis model is established for cold-formed steel zed-section purlins subjected to uplift loading. In the model, the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the sheeting to the purlin are simplified as a lateral rigid restraint imposed at the upper flange-web junction and a rotational spring restraint applied at the mid of the upper flange where the sheeting is fixed. The analyses are performed by considering both geometrical and material nonlinearities. The influences of the rotational spring stiffness and initial geometrical imperfections on the uplift loading capacity of the purlin are investigated numerically. It is found that the rotational spring stiffness has significant influence on the purlin performance. However, the influence of the initial geometric imperfections on the purlin performance is found only in purlins of medium or long length with no or low rotational spring stiffness.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2018

This paper is to investigate the micro-behavior of the double-span beams with WUF-W seismic connection under combined axial tension and moment and to propose the rational rotational capacity of it for progressive collapse-resistant analysis and design addressing the stress and strain transfer mechanism. To this end, the behavior of the double-span beams under the column missing event is first investigated using the advanced nonlinear finite element analysis. The characteristics of fracture indices of double-span beams with WUF-W connection under combined axial tension and flexural moment are addressed and then proposed the rational rotational capacity as the basic datum for the progressive collapse-resistant design and analysis. The distribution of fracture indices related to stress and strain for the double-span beams is investigated based on a material and geometric nonlinear finite element analysis. Furthermore, the micro-behavior for earthquake and progressive collapse is explicitly different.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제73권3호
• /
• pp.353-365
• /
• 2020

In the previous studies, the authors proposed the use of laminated veneer lumber - carbon fiber reinforced polymer (LVL-CFRP) composite beams for structural application. Bond strength of the LVL-to-CFRP interface and flexural strengthening schemes to increase the bending capacity subjected to positive and negative moment were discussed in the previous works. In this article, theoretical models are proposed to predict the moment capacity when the LVL-CFRP beams are subjected to negative moment. Two common failure modes - CFRP fracture and debonding of CFRP are considered. The non-linear model proposed for positive moment is modified for negative moment to determine the section moment capacity. For the debonding based failure, previously developed bond strength model for CFRP-to-LVL interface is implemented. The theoretical models are validated against the experimental results and then use to determine the moment-rotation behaviour and rotational rigidity to compare the efficacy of various strengthening techniques. It is found that combined use of bi- and uni-directional CFRP U-wrap at the joint performs well in terms of both moment capacity and rotational rigidity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제88권1호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2023

This paper handles the results of an extensive parametric study on the rotational stiffness of the flexible base connection using ABAQUS program. The results of the parametric study show the relation between the applied moment and the relative rotation for 96 different base connections. The configurations of the studied connections considered different numbers, diameters, and spacing of the anchor bolts along with different thicknesses of the base plate to investigate the effect of these parameters on the rotational stiffness behavior. The results of the previous parametric research used through the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to detect different equation formulation of the moment-rotation (M-Ɵ_r) equation to detect optimum equation simulates the general nonlinear rotational behavior of the flexible base connection considering all variables used in the parametric study. WOA is a relatively new promising algorithm, which is used in different types of optimization problems. For more verification, the classical genetic algorithm (GA) is used to make a comparison with WOA results. The results show that WOA is capable of getting an optimum equation of the M-Ɵ_r relation, which can be used to simulate the actual rotational stiffness of the flexible base connections. The rotational stiffness at H/150 can be calculated using WOA (1) method and be used as a design aid for engineering design.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 2012

상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부는 T-stub의 두께, 고력볼트 게이지 거리 등의 주요 변수 조합에 따라서 보통모멘트골조 혹은 특수모멘트골조에 적합한 접합부로 사용된다. 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부가 안전한 구조거동을 발휘하기 위해서는 건축구조기준에서 규정한 층간변위각 및 접합부모멘트에 대한 요구사항을 만족하여야 한다. 이러한 요구사항 조건의 충족여부를 파악하기 위해서는 접합부의 회전강성 및 한계소성모멘트에 대한 예측이 필수적이다. 따라서 이 연구는 일차적으로 정적하중을 받는 상 하부 스플릿 T 접합부의 회전강성 예측을 위한 해석모델 제안을 위하여 진행하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 3차원 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 제안한 해석모델의 적용 적합성은 기존의 해석모델 및 실험결과와 비교 검토하여 입증하였다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.109-120
• /
• 2022

The force coefficients of rotating plates in the acceleration stage will vary with rotation rate from 0 to stable rotation rate w₀, which are important for quasi-steady theory of plate-like windborne debris to simulate the trajectory. In this paper, a wind tunnel experiment is carried out to study the effects of geometry and the Reynolds number on the variations of mean force coefficients of rotating plates. The rotational lift coefficients are sensitive to both geometry effect and Reynolds number effect, while the rotational drag and moment coefficients are only sensitive to geometry effect. In addition, new empirical formulas for the rotational lift coefficient and moment coefficients are proposed. Its accuracy is verified by comparing the predicted results with existing test data. Based on the experimental data of rotating plates, a new rotational force model for quasi-steady theory, which can be applied to a wider scope, is proposed to calculate the trajectory of plate-like windborne debris. The results show that the new model provides a better match with the tested trajectories than previous quasi-steady theories.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 2008

할선강성을 이용하여 모멘트저항골조의 모멘트재분배를 수행하는 선형해석법을 연구하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 모멘트재분배가 요구되는 부재의 소성힌지에 회전스프링을 모델링한 후, 이 스프링의 할선 강성을 조정하여 비탄성변형으로 인해 저감된 부재의 휨강성을 반영한다. 회전스프링의 할선강성을 조정하여 선형해석한 결과, 해당 부재와 전체 구조물에서 힘의 평형이 만족될 때까지 계산을 반복한다. 할선강성해석을 통해, 소성힌지의 비탄성변형에 의한 하중의 재분배가 고려될 수 있으며, 해당 소성힌지에서의 요구회전변형이 변형능력을 초과하지 않는지 비교함으로써 안전성을 평가할 수 있다. 검증을 위해, 제안된 방법은 기존의 연속보에 대한 실험연구와 비교되었으며, 기존건물의 평가에 적용되었다.