• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.205-240
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• 1992

In reality, it is a green revolution of the entire agricultural matrix in Korea that integrated pest control plays an important role in the possible breakthrough in rice self-sufficiency. In paddy agroecosystem as man-modified environment, rice is newly established every year by transplantation under diverse water regimes which affect a microclimate. Standing water benefits rice by regulating the microclimate, but it favors the multiplication of certain pets through the amelioration of the microclimate. Further, the introduction of high yielding varieties with the changing of cultural practices results in changing occurrence pattern of certain pests. In general, japonica type varieties lack genes resistant to most of the important pests and insect-borne virus diseases, whereas indica type possesses more genes conferring varietal resistance. Thus, this differences among indica type, form the background of different approaches to pest management. The changes in rice cultivation such as double cropping, growing high-yielding varieties requiring heavy fertilization, earlier transplanting, intensvie-spacing transplanting, and intensive pesticide use as a consequence of the adoption of improves rice production technology, have intensified the pest problems rather than reduced them. The cultivation of resistant varieties are highly effective to the pest, their long term stability is threathened because of the development of new biotypes which can detroy these varieties. So far, three biotypes of N. lugens are reported in Korea. Since each resistant variety is expected to maintain several years the sequential release of another new variety with a different gene at intervals is practised as a gene rotation program. Another approach, breeding multilines that have more than two genes for resistance in a variety are successfully demonstrated. The average annual rice losses during the last 15 years of 1977-’91 are 9.3% due to insect pests without chemical control undertaken, wehreas there is a average 2.4% despite farmers’insecticide application at the same period. In other words, the average annual losses are prvented by 6.9% when chemical control is properly employed. However, the continuous use of a same group of insecticides is followed by the development of pest resistance. Resistant development of C. suppressalis, L. striatellus and N. cincticeps is observed to organophosphorous insecticides by the mid-1960s, and to carbamates by the early 1970s in various parts of the country. Thus, it is apparent that a scheduled chemical control for rice production systems becomes uneconomical and that a reduction in energy input without impairing the rice yield, is necessarily improved through the implementation of integrated pest management systems. Nationwide pest forecasting system conducted by the government organization is a unique network of investigation for purpose of making pest control timely in terms of economic thresholds. A wise plant protection is expected to establish pest management systems in appropriate integration of resistant varieties, biological agents, cultural practices and other measures in harmony with minimizing use of chemical applications as a last weapon relying on economic thresholds.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of oral health policy and effective nonsmoking educational the basic data comparing the subjective oral health recognition and tooth brushing pattern by smoking whether or not, the subjects were adults to visit dental clinic. Methods: The subjects were a total of about 245 adults visited dental clinics in Busan metropolitan city and Gyeongnam province some areas. The datas were collected from December 17, 2012 to February 17, 2013. Data analyses were done with SPSS program through frequency analysis and chi-square test. Results: The tooth brushing pattern of non-smokers were more brushing after meals and snacks, and then brushing within three minutes before bedtime and brushing with more than 3 minutes, brushing with rotating method is pretty more, smokers were not brushing after the meal, a snack, and then within 3 minutes before going to bed without brushing, more than three minutes brushing with rotation method. Subjective oral health status of non-smokers, the more awareness is pretty healthy, but smokers were the more unhealthy side, the greater the smoking amount among smokers subjective oral health were recognized as a bad side. Conclusion: It was necessary to recognize subjective oral health status and to provide a way to practice corrective brushing pattern according to smoking or not and smoking amount. Subjective oral health awareness and brushing pattern directly related to the smoking or not and smoking amounts of the subject, so when dental care, it should be followed to recognize exactly what to give oral health status of subjects and provide a way of effective oral health management in order to improve the oral health and quality of life.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2006

CT와 치료계획시스템 및 다엽콜리메이터(Multi Leaf Collimator, MLC)를 이용한 방사선 치료의 전 과정을 팬텀에 대해 재현해 봄으로써, 치료계획상의 표적과 조사빔의 일치 정도를 평가해 보았다. 이를 위해, CT 및 그 레이저 정렬을 위한 팬텀을 제작하였으며, 치료실의 레이저 정렬을 손쉽게 할 수 있는 방법을 고안하였다. 조사빔의 확인에는 필름을 이용하였고, 조사빔과 실제 표적위치 사이의 정량적인 분석은 자체 제작한 프로그램을 이용하였다. 표적과 빔 중심의 불일치 정도는 테이블 각도에 따라 차이가 있었으며 시험에 이용된 치료기의 경우, 테이블 각도 에서 최대 2.0 mm의 차이를 보였다. MLC field에 대해 Winston-Lutz 테스트를 시행하여 $295^{\circ}$얻은 isocenter를 기준으로 다시 시험한 결과는 측정한 모든 테이블 각도에서 1.35 mm 이하였다. 표적과 빔 중심의 차이에 관한 이러한 평가는 실제 환자의 치료 계획 설정에 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2013

본 연구는 Q방법론을 통해 공직선거운동의 전광판 광고에 대한 주관적 수용형태의 특성과 함의를 알아보고, 이에 따라 공직선거운동 과정에 있어서 전광판 광고의 효용성을 제고할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 기존의 연구방법론에서는 간과하기 쉬운 개별 응답자의 주관적 인식을 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 Q방법론을 활용하여 공직선거 광고에 대한 수용자의 인식유형을 다각적인 방향에서 분석함으로써 향후 실증적 연구를 위한 탐색적 과정을 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 공직선거 광고에 대한 인식은 공직선거의 정치 현상을 쉽게 인식하기 위한 광고기법 개선형, 공직선거에서 유권자들의 관심을 유발하기 위한 관심 유발형, 그리고 공직선거를 통해 유권자와 소통하기 위한 진실 유도형 등 3가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 이와 같은 수용인식의 구분을 통해 함의할 수 있는 것은 공직선거 광고에 대한 수용자들의 인식이 단순히 전광판 광고의 홍보적 측면보다는 활용성과 참여성 그리고 광고효과에 깊은 관심을 갖고 있다는 것이다. 따라서 디지털 시대의 선거환경 속에서 전광판 광고의 효용성 제고를 위해서는 정당이나 후보자들 뿐만 아니라 수용자들을 포함하여 공직선거 광고의 효과, 선거공약을 활용한 광고기법의 긍정적 활용 그리고 활성화 방안에 대하여 보다 더 포괄적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2010

본 전향적 종적 연구의 목적은 임상적으로 명확히 구분되어 정의된 각각의 선천성 근성 사경군을 대상으로 표준화된 도수 신장치료와 치료적 마사지를 적용하였을 때 경부에서 나타나는 특성과 회복율을 알아보는 것이다. 생후 1년 미만에 발현하여 보존적 물리치료를 시작한 총 52명의 선천성 근성 사경 환아를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 치료 전, 모든 환아는 다음 세 가지 군으로 분류하였다: (1)종괴군, (2)근성 사경군, (3)체위성 사경군. 총 52명의 환아 중 종괴군이 32명(61.5%); 근성 사경군이 15명(28.9%); 그 외 체위성 사경군이 5명(9.6%)이었다. 다변량 분석 결과를 통해 치료 기간은 종괴성 사경군이 유의하게 길었고(p<0.01), 발현 연령은 종괴성 사경군 $1.65{\pm}1.31$ 개월로 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 빨랐다(p<0.01), 경부회전 제한에 따라 제한이 클수록 유의하게 회복율의 저하를 보였다(p<0.01). 본 연구의 결과 잘 숙련된 치료사에 의해 시행된 보존적 물리치료는 사경의 치료에 안전하며, 특히 생후 1년 미만에 발현된 선천성 근성 사경 환아의 84.6%에서 좋은 회복율을 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.357-360
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• 1997

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the heart is very important in diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. 2-dimensional (2D) tools (e.g. anatomy book) or classical 3D tools (e.g. plastic model) are not sufficient or understanding the complex structures of the heart. Moreover, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the heart of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, virtual dissection systems of the heart have been developed. But these systems are not satisfactory since they are made of radiographs; they are not true 3D images; they can not be used to dissect freely; or they can only be operated on the workstation. It is also necessary to make the dissection systems incorporating the various races and tribes because of the organ's difference according to race and tribe. This study was intended to make the 3D image of the heart from a Korean cadaver, and to establish a virtual dissection system of the heart with a personal computer. The procedures or manufacturing this system were as follows. 1. The heart from a Korean adult cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially cross-sectioned at 1mm-thickness on a meat slicer. Pictures or 153 cross-sectioned specimens were inputted into the computer using a digital camera ($756{\times}504$ resolution, true color). 2. The alignment system was established by means of the language of IDL, and applied to align 2D images of the heart. In each of 2D images, closed curves lining clean and dirty blood pathways were drawn manually on the CorelDRAW program. 3. Using the language of IDL, the 3D image and the virtual dissection system of the heart were constructed. The virtual dissection system of the heart allowed or ree rotation, any-directional sectioning, and selected visualization of the heart's structure. This system is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the effects of knowledge, attitude and practice on noise-induced hearing loss or hearing threshold level, questionnaire survey was performed and hearing thresholds of 1 kHz and 4 kHz were measured on 1,040 subjects with workers exposed to noise, safety and health officers. industrial hygienists, analysts rind office workers. The results were as follows ; 1. The following 6 factors were obtained by factor analysis and factor rotation of 30 questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice about noise; knowledge of noise (F1), concern of hearing protective devices (F2), concern of noise induced hearing loss (F3), concern of noise level and hearing impairment (F4), concern of noise in workplace (F5) and recognition of noised-induced hearing loss (F6). 56.1% of variance was explained by 6 factors. 2. Significant variables influencing knowledge, attitude and practice about noise were education level and age in F1, personal protective devices (PPE) and education level in F2, age and education level in F3, education level, age and sex in F4, PPE, education level, age and work duration in F5, and work duration and PPE in F6. 3. Hearing thresholds of 4 kHz were significantly higher in workers exposed to noise than that of in the other subjects and tended to be higher in industrial hygienists, safety and health officers and analysts than that of the office workers. 4. Significant variables influencing hearing thresholds of 1 kHz were age, education level, F5 and F6 in workers exposed to noise, and F1 in industrial hygienists. 5. Significant variables influencing hearing thresholds of 4 kHz were age, F6, sex, work duration, F1, F5, F2 and F3 in workers exposed to noise, F1 and age in safety and health officers, and F6, sex and F4 in industrial hygienists. With the above results, it suggested that workers exposed to noise be needed the education of knowledge, attitude and practice about noise in hearing conservation program for the prevention of noise induced hearing loss. Also, it suggested that health managers in workplace be needed countermeasures to prevent hearing loss although they are intermittently exposed to noise.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2002

본 논문은 4개의 철골모멘트 접합부에 대한 반복재하 실물대(實物大) 실험결과를 요약한 것이다. 주요 실험변수는 기둥과 보의 접합방식 (볼트접합 대 용접) 및 패널존의 강도 (강한 패널존 대 중간강도 패널존)이다. 중간 패널존 강도를 갖는 시험체는 패널존과 RBS 영역 모두에서 균형잡힌 방식으로 에너지가 소산되도록 고려하여 설계된 것으로 패널존 보강비용을 줄이고자 시도한 경우이다. 보웨브가 용접으로 접합된 경우의 시험체들은 특별연성모멘트골조에 요구되는 충분한 접합부 회전성능을 보여 주었지만, 웨브를 볼트로 접합한 시험체들은 스캘럽을 가로지르는 보플랜지의 조기 취성파괴로 인해 열등한 내진성능을 노출하였다. 보웨브를 볼트로 접합하면 비용을 줄일 수 있으나 원래 보단면의 전소성모멘트를 기둥에 전달하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 적용된 것과 같이 양질의 용접시공에 의해 일단 그루브 용접부 자체의 취성파괴 문제가 해결되고 나면, 용접접근공내에 위한 보플랜지 모재의 파단이 다음의 문제로 대두됨을 알 수 있다. 용접접근공 내의 보 플랜지 파단문제를 역학적인 측면에서 이해하는데 도움이 되는 해석적 연구도 수행되었다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

Purpose; The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure sexual satisfaction in Korean adults. Method: Development of items for the instrument was done by a collecting, reorganizing, reducing and selecting process based on the literature. A total of 19 items were selected in this process. For evaluation of the appropriateness of the 19 items, questionnaires were given to an expert group consisting of 18 professionals (7 men and 11 women). Eighteen items having a response of 70% in 'very good' item or 'good' item were included as items for the instrument. With these 18 items, a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and reliability and validity tests of the scale were done. The subjects for the test were 1,127 Korean adults living in 11 areas in Korea, Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2000 to Feb. 28, 2001 and analyzed with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Chronbach alpha and corrected item-total correlation were obtained to verify internal consistency, and principal component analysis with the varimax rotation was used to identify structure validity of the developed tool. Result: Reliability of the scale was .9503 and corrected item-total correlations of the items were distributed from .5208 to 7899. As a result of the factor analysis, the items were categorized into three factors. The cumulative variance of the three factors was 67.1%, and all of the variances of the factors were above 5%. Because factor 1 (8 items) indicated a special feeling of psychological satisfaction with sexual activity, it was named 'psychological factor'. Factor 2 (8 items) indicated a feeling of satisfaction in the interaction with sexual partner through communication and variation, therefore it was named 'interactional factor'. Factor 3 (2 items) was about the frequency and duration of sexual intercourse and indicated physical dimensions of satisfaction, so it was named 'physical factor'. The average score for sexual satisfaction of the 1,127 subjects was 65.32 (${\pm}12.71$), and histogram of the score showed a normal distribution with skewness - .425. Conclusion: Finally, a Korean Sexual Satisfaction Scale(KSSS) was accepted as a 5 point Likert scale with 18 items after the statistical test for reliability and validity. In conclusion, KSSS is a useful instrument which is valid and reliable can be used to understand the sexuality of Korean adults.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2001

반복하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 보의 연성능력을 예측하기 위하여 철근콘크리트 보의 부재 축방향 변형률 ミx값의 예측이 필요하다. 가력이력이 다른 9개의 철근콘크리트 보의 실험에 의하면 축방향 변형률 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$는 부재 회전각과 하중이력에 의하여 큰 영향을 받는다 이 논문에서는 하중이력의 영향을 평가할 수 있는 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$의 모델 및 평가식이 제안되었다. 연구에서는 단면 해석법을 통하여 하중이력에 따른 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$의 변화를 고찰한 후, 단면해석과 실험결과를 근거로 하여 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$의 모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델은 부재 축방향 변형률을 다음의 4가지 경로로 구분하였다. 경로 1 : 휨항복 이전 또는 제하(除荷)시 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$의 기울기의 증감(增減)률은 동일하다. 경로 2 : 휨항복 이후 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$는 급격히 증가한다. 경로 3 : 사인장 균열의 폭이 닫혀지는 미끌림 구간으로 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$는 변화하지 않는다. 경로 4 : 동일한 부재 회전각 R$_{m}$ 에서 반복하중을 받을 경우 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$는 반복하중의 수에 반비례하여 증가한다. 부재 축방향 변형률을 예측하기 위하여 제안된 식은 하중이력이 다른 9개 철근콘크리트 보의 실제 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$값을 최대 15% 차이에서 추적하였고, 하중이력의 차이에 의한 $\varepsilon$$_{x}$값의 변화를 평가하였다.