• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.103-103
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• 2017

Vigorous root growth at the seedling stage in dry direct-seeded conditions is considered as a critical trait because it is involved in seedling emergence, early vegetative vigour, nutrient uptake as well as drought tolerance. In this study, we performed QTL mapping using the recombinant inbred lines obtained from the cross between Tongil-type Dasan and temperate japonica TR22183 (DT-RILs) to identify QTL underlying early root development. TR22183, which was previously reported to have high nitrogen utility and cold tolerance, showed vigorous root growth at the seedling stage in semi-drought conditions. Root length, fresh weight and dry weight of TR22183 were significantly higher than in Dasan. By QTL analysis with genotyping-by-sequencing method, we identified two QTLs for root fresh weight (RFW) in chromosome 7 and root dry weight (RDW) in chromosome 8, explaining phenotypic variances of 13.5% and 10.6%, respectively. These QTLs would be used to develop rice varieties adapted to direct-seeded cultivating system.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.183-183
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• 2017

In the early part of rice growth, root volume primarily limits the amount of plant-accessible nitrogen (N). Therefore, knowledge of the root development is important for modeling N uptake of rice. The timing when the volume of rhizosphere cover the whole soil is also important to carry out timely top dressing. However, information about initial root expansion and associated N uptake is limited due to intrinsic technical difficulties in assessing below-ground processes. Some studies, however, showed a close relationship between below-ground root and above-ground leaf development, suggesting a possibility that above-ground attributes could serve as surrogates for the root processes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between below-ground and above-ground development of rice. Field experiments were conducted where we cultivated Koshihikari (a leading cultivar in Japan) for four different cropping schedules in 2012. In 2016, Gimbozu (HEG4) and three flowering time mutant lines of Gimbozu (X61 (se13), HS276 (ef7), DMG9 (se13, ef7)) were examined for a single season. Experiments were performed with three replications in a completely randomized design. We monitored ammonium-N concentration ([NH4+-N]) in soil solution by repeatedly taking samples from a porous tubing (10-cm long) vertically inserted at the most distant point from surrounding rice hills. Samples were taken in triplicate (= triplicate tubes) and every three days from transplanting in each experimental unit. For above-ground attributes, leaf area index (LAI) was measured in 2012, whereas soil coverage ratio was estimated by image processing in 2016. Results showed that [NH4+-N] increased gradually after transplanting and then rapidly decreased from a certain day. This distinct drop in [NH4+-N] informed us the timing at which the rice root system reached the point of porous tubing and thus essentially covered the whole soil volume. The LAI at the dropping point was about 0.43 regardless of the cropping schedules in 2012 experiment. In 2016, the coverage ratio at the N dropping point was within the range of 0.12 to 0.19 for four genotypes having different growth durations. In addition, the coverage ratios at seven weeks after the transplanting showed a good correspondence to LAI across the four genotypes. We therefore conclude that both LAI and coverage ratio may serve as robust indicators for root development and might be useful to estimate the timing when the root system fully cover the soil volume. Results obtained here will also contribute to develop models that can predict not only above-ground canopy development but also associated below-ground processes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1979

질소 및 인산시용이 수도의 지상, 지하부 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하고 산소전극으로 측정한 근호흡과 지상, 지하부 생육과의 관련성을 알기 위하여 1978년 인공기상실에서 pot 실험을 수행하였으며 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질산시용량 증가에 따라 근호흡 및 지상부중은 증가되나 근중은 감소되었다. 2. 인산의 시용은 인산과 동량의 질소병용하에서만 근호흡을 증가시켰으며 근중 및 지상부중은 인산적량시비시에 증가되었다. 3. 저온하에서는 근호흡에 미치는 인산시비효과가 크지 않았으며 인산만의 단독증비는 근호흡을 크게 감소시켰다. 4. 근호흡은 근중과는 부의 상관을, 그리고 지상부중 및 양분흡수와의 정의 상관을 보였으며 단위면적당호흡 의미가 없고 단위근중당호흡만이 유효하였다. 5. 원연교잡종인 수원 258호는 일본형 품종인 진흥보다 저온에서의 인산반응이 낮은 경향이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2003

Winter hairy vetch (HV) can be used as green manure with conventional tillage system (CT), in which chemical N fertilizer required for cultivation of sub-sequent com could be fully saved, or as cover crop with no-tillage system (NT) in which soil could be protected from erosion, control of weed, and the reduction of N fertilizer application. This experiment was carried out to compare the enrichment of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) at corn root zone, and the changes of com growth and N uptake according to HV amounts (winter fallow, above-ground HV removed, intact HV, and HV added from aboveground HV removed) under two tillage systems in the upland field of National Crop Experiment Station, Suwon, Korea in 1996. HV cultivation during winter decreased SMN a little at com planting. HV incorporation with CT increased SMN rapidly during early growth stage according to rapid decomposition of Hv. SMN by HV cover with NT was increased slowly and its increase was higher in the surface soil (soil layer 0-7.5cm) compared to deep soil layer 7.5-22cm. Com growth and N status at corn silking stage, com yield and N uptake at harvest were increased in proportion to aboveground HV amounts regardless of tillage system. Average hairy vetch nitrogen (HV-N) uptake efficiency by com was 10% higher with CT than with NT in which average HV-N uptake efficiency was 43 %. Corn yields were not different between two tillage systems, but corn N uptake was increased by 33 kgN/ha more with CT than with NT due to the increase of corn N concentration. The increase of SMN and com N uptake from HV cover with NT could not be disregarded though those with CT were higher than with NT

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify transition characteristics of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) and to calculate bio-concentration factors (BCF) in the three perennial root medicinal plants, namely Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduck), Platycodon grandiflorum (Balloon flower) and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) grown in major medicinal plant producing districts in Korea. Average BCF values ranged from 0.009~0.029 in As, 0.334~1.453 in Cd, and 0.021~0.023 in Pb in three perennial root medicinal plants. The BCF values increased in the order of ginseng (0.029) > deodeok (0.012) > balloon flower (0.009) for As, balloon flower (1.453) > deodeok (0.685) > ginseng (0.334) for Cd, and ginseng (0.023) > deodeok (0.022) > balloon flower (0.021) for Pb. The BCF values calculated in this study will be useful for predicting the uptake of heavy metal (loid)s. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of toxic metal (loid)s by agricultural products is required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2011

본 연구는 근권 온도가 팔레놉시스의 화경 발생과 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시험을 수행하였다. 근권 온도는 15, 20, 25 그리고 $30^{\circ}C$로 처리하였으며, 기온은 실험기간 동안 $28^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지하였다. 팔레놉시스의 $CO_2$ 흡수, 생체중, 건물중 그리고 분지근수는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높고, $15^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮았다. 하지만 안토시아닌 함량은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮았다. 3개월간 근권을 $25^{\circ}C$ 이하로 저온처리해도 화경은 발생하지 않았다. K, Ca, Mg의 함량은 근권온도에 따라 변했으나, N과 P의 함량은 차이가 없었다. Ca과 Mg은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았던 반면, K은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았다. 본 실험결과 팔레놉시스의 온도 감응 부위는 지상부이며, 영양생장에 적합한 근권 온도는 $25^{\circ}C$이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.286-292
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• 1995

Proximate composition, dimension, water uptake and volume increase rates of three cultivars of Korean kidney beans, Pink(PKB), Red(RKB) and White(WKB) were compared. Significant differences in the proximate composition and calorie were not observed among samples. Hull removed samples showed the lowest ash content and the highest calorie. The rates of water uptake increased as the soaking temperature increased from 10~4$0^{\circ}C$. The moisture gain of the kidney beans during soaking showed a similar pattern to volume increase. Water uptake and volume increase rates were in the decreasing order of PKB, RKB and WKB. Moisture and volume gains held a linear relation with the square root of soaking time regardless soaking temperatures. The activation energies of water uptake and volume increase were 3033~3087 and 3077~ 3161 kcal/mole, respectively. The log time to reach a fixed moisture content showed a linear relation with soaking temperature regardless soaking temperatures. The z-values calculated from weight and volume changes decreased in proportions to the increase of hydration. The z-values of weight and volume to reach 50% hydration were 50.5~56.6$^{\circ}C$ and 48.4~61.2$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65.1-65.1
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• 1983

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1997

벼와 피의 속간(屬閒) 선택성(選擇性)을 구명(究明)하기 위해 $^{14}C$-cyhalofop-BE를 이용(利用)하여 피와 벼의 흡수정도(吸收程度) 및 전이(轉移)의 차이(差異)와 대사작용(代謝作用)의 기작(機作)을 구명(究明)한 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. $^{14}C$-cyhalofop-BE를 줄기 에 처리(處理)할 경우 벼와 피 모두 체내(體內) 흡수(吸收) 및 이행(移行)이 잘 되었으나 벼 보다 피가 흡수량(吸收量)이 높았고 체내(體內) 이행(移行) 정도(程度)가 높은 양상(樣相)을 보여 주였다. 2. $^{14}C$-cyhalofop-BE의 피 체내(體內) 흡수시간(吸收時間)은 흡수(吸收) 30분후(分後)부터 급격(急激)히 증가(增加)하기 시작하여 흡수(吸收) 12시간(時閒) 후(後)에 최대(最大)를 보여 주었으나 벼는 흡수(吸收) 30분후(分後)부터 증가(增加)하다가 시간(時間)이 지나면서 큰 변화(變化)를 보이지 않아 흡수량(吸收量)에서도 벼가 현저(顯著)히 낮았고, 줄기로부터 상방(上方) 및 하방(下方) 이동(移動)도 피가 훨씬 높은 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 3. $^{14}C$-cyhalofop-BE가 피 체내(體內)에 흡수후(吸收後) 활성물질(活性物質)인 acid 화합물(化合物)로 전환(轉換)이 높았으나 벼는 현저(顯著)히 낮은 경향(傾向)을 보였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

국내 10개의 폐금속 광산을 대상으로 토양의 물리적, 화학적 및 생물학적 특성과 자생하고 있는 쑥(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis)의 카드뮴(Cd) 함량을 분석하였다. 식생이 없는 대조군 토양과 쑥 근권 토양의 Cd 함량은 산술평균으로 각각 5.92와 5.91 mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 분산분석 결과 두 토양간의 Cd 함량에는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p < 0.05). 그리고 쑥의 지상부와 지하부의 Cd 함량은 근권 토양의 Cd 함량과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p < 0.05, ${R^2}_{shoot}$ = 0.3120, ${R^2}_{root}$ = 0.4177). 쑥의 Cd 흡수 해석을 위하여 주성분 분석(PCA)을 실시한 결과, 최소 토양질 인자(MDS)로 유기물 함량 (OM), 탈수소효소 활성도(DHA), pH, 치환성 Mg가 선정되었다. MDS를 이용한 다중회귀분석 결과, 쑥의 지상부와 지하부의 Cd 함량의 회귀식에 대한 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.3418과 0.5121로 나타났다. 이것은 MDS를 이용한 통계적인 토양질 평가가 식물의 중금속 흡수를 해석하는 유용한 기법이라는 것을 나타낸다.