• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.575-583
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• 2023

Fusarium root rot is an increasingly severe problem in soybean cultivation. Although several Fusarium species have been reported to infect soybean roots in Heilongjiang province, their frequency and aggressiveness have not been systematically quantified in the region. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and distribution of Fusarium species that cause soybean root rot in Heilongjiang province over two years. A total of 485 isolates belonging to nine Fusarium species were identified, with F. oxysporum and F. solani being the most prevalent. Pot experiments were conducted to examine the relative aggressiveness of different Fusarium species on soybean roots, revealing that F. oxysporum and F. solani were the most aggressive pathogens, causing the most severe root rot symptoms. The study also assessed the susceptibility of different soybean cultivars to Fusarium root rot caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani. The results indicated that the soybean cultivar DN51 exhibited the most resistance to both pathogens, indicating that it may possess genetic traits that make it less susceptible to Fusarium root rot. These findings provide valuable insights into the diversity and distribution of Fusarium species that cause soybean root rot and could facilitate the development of effective management strategies for this disease.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.477-486
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• 1998

Recently the development of rotary instrument makes it possible that in root canal treatment operator saves much more time, maintans original curved canal shape and easily prepares continuous tapered root canal. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the smoothness of the internal surface of prepared root canal and the effectiveness of debridement in prepared root canal by SEM for the comparison of hand and Ni-Ti rotary instrument. 25 extracted human teeth were access opened and # 10 K-type file was introduced into canal until it was appeared at the apical foramen. The working length was established by subtracting 0.5mm from this measurement. Group 1. The root canal preparation was done to # 30 with working length and then step-back until # 45 with K-Flexofile (Maillefer, Swiss). Group 2. Root canal preparation was done by Naviflex Ni-Ti file (Brasseler, USA) as the same technique with group 1. Group 3. Canal was prepared by Profile .04 (Maillefer, Swiss) taper until #30. Group 4. With use of Quantec (Tycom, USA) root canal was prepared from file number 1 to 8. In group 1 and 2, the root canal irrigant was NaOCl and the other groups, NaOCl and RC-prep (Premine Dental Products, USA) was used. The prepared teeth were notched with high-speed bur as bucco-lingual direction and fractured with chisel and mallet, then examined with SEM. Group 1 showed smooth internal surface. There were scratches mainly to the axial direction. Group 2 showed similar characteristics to those in group 1. Group 3 showed more smoother and linear cutting surface with bised scratches. Group 4 has the almost same characteristics group 3 and there was no difference in the file design. Ni-Ti rotary root canal instrument prepare the dentinal wall more smoother than hand instrument. The effectiveness of debridement was not fully affected by file design. The isthmus area and accessory canals of the root canal system were not prepared in any group. According to the result, hand and rotary type instrumentation techniques were effective in removal of major amount of tissue from root canal but it was not complete. In the direction of cutting movement there was difference between them.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic information on cultivation of Gentiana scabra BUNGE. Optimum temperature for germination, planting time effect of chemicals on rooting for cutting propagation, effect of cutting on root yield, and content of gentiopicroside were investigated. The germination ratio was highest at $25^{\circ}C$ but lower at $10,\;15,\;20\;,30^{\circ}C.$ The optimum planting time was March 20 the cutting in May and NAA treatment were effective on rooting for cutting propagation. Inhibition of flowering by cutting was effective for increasing root yield but not effective for gentiopicroside content of root.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to the progression of micro and macrovsacular complication of diabetes and therefore present a promising target for therapeutic agents. In this study, 40 Korean herbal medicines have been investigated with an in vitro evaluation system using AGEs inhibitory activity. Of these, 21 herbal medicines $(IC_{50}<50{\mu}g/ml)$ exhibited an inhibitory activity against AGEs formation compared with anminoguanidine $(IC_{50}=72.12{\mu}g/ml)$. Particularly, 7 herbal medicines, Actinidia arguta (root and stem), Crataegus pinnatifida (twig), Camellia japonica (whole), Kalopanax pictus (bark), Lagerstroemia indica (leaf-stem), Reynoutria sachalinensis (root) showed more potent inhibitory activity (approximately 3-10 fold) than the positive control aminoguanidine.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.692-696
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed disinfectant, in control of brown leaf blight, growth characteristics, and dry root yield in the cultivation of Alisma plantago after early maturing rice cropping. Experimental plot was laid out in split plots design with three replications. The major seed disinfectants were benomyl Wp, 20%, Captan Wp, 50%, Triferine Ec, 17%, Etridia zole Ec, 25%, and Thioplant-mythyl Wp, 50%. Even though seed disinfectant treated had no effect on the growth and flowering date of Alisma plantago, dry root yield was increased largely with benomyl Wp, 20%, in seed disinfectant than in the other seed disinfectants and contorl. All seed disinfectants had no injury with standard dosage. But all seed disinfectants had slight injury in the double dosage level for the Alisma plantago. On the basis of yield, vegetative and disease paramerer, benomyl Wp (20%) ($100g/20{\ell}$) had shown superior performance, however, all the seed disinfectants are effective as compare to without treatment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.139-154
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• 2021

This study's impetus is to explore fresh evidence to answer the question, i.e., whether remittances asymmetrically influence financial development in Bangladesh from 1975 to 2019. The study employs several tests, i.e., nonlinear unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL), NARDL, and asymmetric causality test for establishing the pattern of association. Nonlinear unit root tests confirm that variables follow a nonlinear system of being stationary after the first difference. nonlinearity among variables is investigated by performing the BDS test and nonlinear OLS. Directional causality is investigated through both linear and nonlinear effects of remittance inflows by following the non-granger casualty test. The test statistics of Fpass and tBDM showed the Long-run cointegration in the empirical model and positive effect running from remittances inflow to financial development both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, the results of a standard Wald test divulge the presence of long-run and short-run asymmetry. Asymmetry causality test established unidirectional causality due to positive and negative shocks in remittances inflows to Bank-based financial development and feedback hypothesis hold for explaining causality between positive and negative shocks in remittance inflows and Stock-based financial development.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in order to closely examine the influence of fertilization upon growth in container of seedling in indeciduous Quercus species (Q. mysinaefolia, Q. acuta and Q. glauca). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fertilizer level was made by adjusting water soluble compound fertilizer (N:P:K=19: 19:19, v/v) to 1000, 2000, $3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level along with non-fertilizing plot. Fertilization increased height, root collar diameter growth, and dry weight in these three species of trees. The more increase in fertilizer level led to the more rise even in growth of these species. H/D ratio and T/R ratio also showed tendency of getting bigger in the more rise in fertilizer level. Photosynthetic rate was shown to get higher in the higher fertilizer level according to fertilization in all the three species. In the analysis of root morphological traits, the total root length was surveyed to be longer in the more rise in fertilizer concentration. As even a case of root project area, surface area, and root volume is the similar tendency to characteristics in the total root length, a rise depending on fertilization was observed. CONCLUSION: In light of the results in this experiment, the fertilizer level is judged to be $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ level that is proper for production of 1-year-old container seedling in indeciduous Quercus species with excellent root development and high seedling quality index.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-227
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• 2002

Moth orchid plants with yellowing blight and root rot symptoms were collected, and a total of 54 isolates of Fusarium spp. was obtained from roots and leaf bases of the diseased plants. The isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Out of the 54 isolates of Fusarium spp., 42 isolates were identified as F. solani, 5 isolates as F. oxysporum, and 7 as F. proliferatum. Isolates of the three Fusarium spp. were tested for pathogenicity to moth orchid plants by artificial inoculation. All the Fusarium spp. induced root rot of the host plants. The symptoms progressed up to the basal part of the leaves, which later caused yellowing blight. The symptoms induced on the plants by artificial inoculation with the Fusarium spp. isolates were similar to those observed in greenhouses. The present study reveals that F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. solani cause root rot of moth orchid, and that F. solani is the main pathogen of the disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.734-742
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Eungi, which is used as a breakfast or health food. We manufactured lotus root starch and Eungi by a traditional method and discovered that the viscosity of Eungi with 4-5% starch content was similar to fermented milk. When the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of a Eungi beverage combined with different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) of lotus root starch were investigated, consumer acceptability was highest with Eungi combined with 0.5% starch and 6% sugar. When the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of Eungi beverage combined with different extract bases were investigated, the acceptability of taste and texture was highest with purple sweet potato extract and the acceptability of color was highest with omija extracts.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.457-462
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• 2007

Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is a family of enzymes that regulate histone acetylation. Dysfunction of HAT plays a critical role in the development of cancer. Here we have screened the various plant extracts to find out the potent HAT inhibitors. The bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root have exhibited approximately 30% of the inhibitory effects on HAT activity, especially p300 and CBP (CREB-binding protein) at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. The cell viability was decreased approximately 52% in LNCaP cell for 48 hr incubation. Furthermore, mRNA level of 3 androgen receptor target genes, PSA, NKX3.1, and TSC22 were decreased with bellflower root extract treatment ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence of androgen. In ChIP assay, the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in PSA promoter region was dramatically repressed by bellflower root treatment, but not TR target gene, Dl. Therefore, the potent HAT inhibitory effect of bellflower root led to the decreased transcription of AR target genes and prostate cancer cell growth with the repression of histone hyperacetylation.