• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

The acrosome cap allows sperm to penetrate the egg membrane and produce male pronuclei within female chicken eggs, facilitating successful fertilization. Given this, it is important to establish practical methods for evaluating the integrity of the acrosome cap and thus the quality of the rooster's sperm. There are several established methods for evaluating the acrosomes of mammalian sperm, but none of these methods are suitable for evaluating the acrosome status of rooster spermatozoa. Therefore, a simplified method for evaluating the rooster acrosome is needed. Here we evaluated the usefulness of CBB (coomassie brilliant blue) staining of the acrosome at concentrations of 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.3% CBB solutions. Our data revealed a clear staining pattern for intact acrosome caps at 0.04% and 0.08% CBB but not at 0.3% CBB. This protocol revealed differences in acrosome integrity between fresh and frozen rooster sperm smears suggesting that CBB staining may facilitate easier semen evaluation in roosters. This protocol allows for the accurate differential staining of acrosome cap in rooster spermatozoa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1990

This experiment was designed to determine whether ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) can be used to predict membrane function of spermatozoa by measuring the uptake of AIB by fresh, stored and frozen-thawed rooster spermatozoa. When spermatozoa were stored at low temperature ($0{\sim}3^{\circ}C$) for 24 h. no difference was found in AIB uptake compared with fresh spermatozoa, whereas storage for 48 h resulted in a slight increase in AIB uptake by spermatozoa. On the one hand, the uptake of AIB by frozen-thawed spermatozoa was less than that by fresh spermatozoa. This suggests possibility of a different membrane transport system between spermatozoa preserved at low temperature ($0{\sim}3^{\circ}C$) and those frozen-thawed. Glycerol used as cryoprotectant may modify rooster sperm membrane in a different manner from cold preservation. Ouabaine ($10^{-4}M$) caused a slight decrease in AIB uptake, but caffeine ($10^{-2}M$) did not influence spermatozoal AIB uptake. These results indicate a successful application of AIB to rooster spermatozoa as a mean for measuring sperm membrane function and suggest a possible alteration of membrane transport system in rooster spermatozoa between cold ($0{\sim}3^{\circ}C$) and cryopreservation ($-196^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2021

Fruits with antioxidant enrichment can be an economically affordable supplement for mitigating oxidative damage prone spermatozoa membrane pathologies. Computer-assisted sperm analyzer and oxidative status were utilized to evaluate the impact of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fortification of dextrose saline as diluent for rooster semen and fertility response of hens inseminated. Watermelon juice and dextrose saline were used to formulate diluent of 7 treatments consisting of unextended semen (positive control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and only dextrose saline (negative control) designated as Treatments 1-7. Pooled semen was obtained from fertile roosters and equilibrated with diluents at ratio 1:2 in the various treatments and were evaluated using computer software coupled microscope and seminal oxidative status assay. 168 laying hens randomly divided into 7 treatment of 8 replicates and 3 hen per replicate. Hen were everted, and semen (2 × 108 Spermatozoa) deposited intra-vagina and eggs collected over 8 weeks to assess fertility and hatchability of eggs laid. The result obtained revealed that watermelon-dextrose saline rooster semen diluent enhanced progressive motility, sperm kinetics and lowered non-progressive motility in T2-T6 compared to T7 over the 3 hours of evaluation. Watermelon addition to rooster semen diluent enhance the antioxidant capacity of rooster semen and lowered lipid peroxide generation. The percentage fertility was highest in T3 (81.01%) and T4 (81.24%) with lowest value obtained in T7 (73.46%). The hatchability of eggs set of hens inseminated with undiluted semen (71.46%) was lower than values for hens inseminated with watermelon inclusive extended semen (75.71%-80.39%). The optimal inclusion of 30%-40% watermelon in dextrose saline diluent enhance rooster semen kinetics, seminal oxidative stability and egg fertility.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1647-1654
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• 2023

Objective: Aging roosters typically exhibit subfertility with decreasing semen quality, furthermore Thai native roosters reared in rural areas are raised for a longer duration than their usual lifespan. The present study therefore aimed to assess the effect of selenium supplementation as an antioxidative substance in diets to improve the semen cryopreservation of aged roosters. Methods: Semen samples were collected from young (n = 20) and aged (n = 20) Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) at 36 and 105 weeks of age when starting the experiment, respectively. They were fed diets either non-supplemented or supplemented with selenium (0.75 ppm). Fresh semen quality and lipid peroxidation of fresh semen was evaluated before cryopreservation using the traditional liquid nitrogen vapor method. Post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential were determined. Results: Advancing age is unrelated to decreasing fresh semen quality (p>0.05). However, lipid peroxidation in rooster semen depended on age, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased in aged roosters (p<0.05). Selenium supplementation in diets significantly decreased the MDA concentration and increased the sperm concentration (p<0.05). In contrast, cryopreserved semen was affected by advancing rooster age, and selenium influenced sperm quality (p<0.05). Younger roosters had higher post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential than aged roosters (p<0.05). Likewise, diet selenium supplements improved post-thaw sperm quality and fertility compared with the non-supplement group. Conclusion: Rooster's age does not influence the rooster sperm quality of fresh semen, while sperm cryotolerance and fertility were greater in young roosters than in aged roosters. However, sperm of aged roosters could be improved by dietary selenium supplementation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 닭 동결 정액의 융해 방법에 따라 정자 운동성의 변화도를 분석하였고, 적절한 융해방법에 대한 자료를 확보하였다. 동결정액을 융해하는 방법은 축종에 따라 서로 다른 열전달 효율을 제시하기도 하나, 닭 동결 정액에 대한 연구는 미진한 상태이다. 특히 닭 정액은 고 농도의 정액을 필요하기 때문에 이러한 요인에 대한 정자 운동성은 변이가 많은 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러므로, 닭 정액 융해에 필요한 온도는 $5^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었으며, 닭 농장에서 동결정액의 융해를 실시할 때, 알코올이 함유된 냉각수를 이용하게 되면 냉각수의 과냉각 생태를 방지할 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 또한, 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정을 실시할 때, 현장에서 직접 닭 정액을 융해하여 시간을 절약할 수 있으며, 인공 수정 작업시간이 30분을 넘기게 되면 정자의 운동성은 감소하여 수정율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 그러므로, 농가에서 동결정액을 활용할 경우, 융해에 신경을 써야 하며 정확한 방법을 적용하여야 수정란의 부화율 감소현상을 막을 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서 제시된 방법으로 동결정액을 이용할 때, 동결정액의 수정율이나 부화율의 변이를 막을 수 있고, 동결 정액을 활용한 가금종축생산 효율이 높아질 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1974

Histological and histochemical studies were made on the lining epithelia of the various ducts in epidymis of the Rooster and absorptive function of the canal epithelial cells in the Rooster epididymis were also investigated after administration of India ink. The results obtained were summerized as follows; 1. Epihtelium lining the rate testis was mainaly composed of single later of cuboidal cells, and was partially composed of flattened squamous or low columnar cells. Efferential ductules were characterized by having many villous projections orrfolds which extened into the lumen, and were lined by stereociliated pseudostratified epithelium which consisted of manily ciliated columnar cells, a few scattered clear cells and basal cells. Connecting ductules were lined by ciliated pseudostriatified colummnar epithelium in which ciliated columnar cells, clear cells and basal cells were noted. Epididymal ducts were lined by pseudostratified epidhelium in which columnar and basal cells were noted. 2. PAS-granules, saliva resistant were noted mainly in the epithelial cells of efferential and connecting ductules. 3. Sudan black B stained heavily the granules in the epithelial cells of sufferential and connecting ductules. 4. The granules reactive to acid phosphatase most abundant in the epithelial cells of efferential ductules and were lesser amount in the epithelial cells of connecting ductules where as very few or no granules were seen in the rest of the ducts. 5. Alkaline phosphatase activity was most prominent but discontinuous in the luminal surface of the epithelium of efferential ductules and less marked in the connecting ductless. No enzyme activity was noted in the canal epithelium of epididyml duct. 6. India ink granules were most numerous in the epithlial cells of efferential ductules and were a few in connecting ductules. Very few or no granules of India ink were noted in the other types of the ducts. India ink granules in the epithelium increased gradually as the time after the administration of India ink (one up to twenty-nine hours) has proceeded. From those results it is suggested that epithelial cells of efferential and connecting ductules have active absorptive function, whereas the rest of duct system in the epididymis of the Rooster may be the mere pathway of the seminal fluid without significant modification of its constituents.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

정액의 액상보존이 닭의 번식능력에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 계통이 분명한 재래닭을 정액 채취용 수탉으로 사용하였으며 인공수정용 암닭으로는 백색산란계를 사용하였다. 닭 정액을 채취 희석하여 5$^{\circ}C$ 냉장온도에서 6, 30, 54 시간보존하며 정액성상 검사와 함께 인공수정을 하였을 때, 원정액과 skim milk glucose액, egg yolk glucose액 및 saline에 희석된 정액의 정자운동성은 냉장보관 6 시간에는 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 냉장보관 30 및 54 시간에는 저하되는 경향이었다 그러나 skim milk glucose액과 egg yolk glucose액의 정자운동성과 정상정자율은 30 및 54 시간 냉장 보존을 하여도 원정액이나 saline액보다 현저히 높았으며 (P<0.05), 수정율에 있어서는 6, 30 및 54 시 간 냉장보존된 skim milk glucose희석정액에서 90.77, 87.70 및 59.46% 를 나타내어 다른 시험구보다 현저하게 우수한 결과를 보였다 .(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구결과 skim milk glucose액은 닭의 액상정액 인공수정시 산업적 이용이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.979-982
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• 2003

Two rapeseed meal samples (Sample A, hybrid 5900 and sample B, double low rapeseed No.4) obtained from China and one Canola meal sample obtained from a local crushing plant in Canada were used to investigate the amino acid degradability of rapeseed/Canola meal in rumen and amino acid digestibility of ruminal incubation residues by precision-fed rooster bioassay. Results show that in ruminal incubation the degradation rate of non amino acid nitrogen in crude protein is higher than that for amino acid nitrogen in crude protein, the results also suggest that the degradation rate of amino acid nitrogen in Chinese rapeseed meal sample B was lower than that for Canadian Canola, but that in Chinese rapeseed meal sample A is much close to that for Canadian canola meal. For all amino acids the digestibility of the bypass or residual protein as measured by the precision-fed rooster bioassay tended to be lower for Chinese rapeseed meal sample A than for sample B or Canadian canola meal which had similar digestibility values. However following a calculation of total amino acid availability, involving the digestibility of amino acids in the rumen and rooster bioassay the results are less contradictory. Results indicated that in traditional roasting-expelling process, heat treatment, especially dry heat treatmeat could decrease amino acids degradability in rumen of rapeseed/canola meal, but also may decrease total availability of amino acids of rapeseed/canola meal.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

닭 정자는 저온 환경에서 생존하는 능력을 보유하고 있으나 정자의 운동성과 첨체 손상에 대한 연구는 상세히 알려져 있지 않다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 닭 정자를 BPSE 및 Lake 희석액으로 희석하고 보존 용기를 1.5 mL e-tube와 0.5 mL 스트로에 보존하여 정자 장수성을 조사하였다. 밀봉된 0.5 mL 스트로에 보존된 정자의 운동성이 3일동안 저온보존 시 더 높은 것으로 관찰되었다(68.6±3.1% vs. 22.1±5.7%). BPSE로 희석하여 0.5 mL 스트로에 보존된 닭 정자의 운동성 또한 Lake 희석액보다 더 높게 관찰되었다(57.7±5.6% vs. 37.7±5.4%). 첨체 온전성도 0.5 mL 스트로에 보존하는 것이 우수하였고 냉장보존일이 증가함에 따라 손상된 첨체 비율이 증가하였다. 본 연구에서 0.5 mL에 밀봉된 닭 정자는 저온 보존에 이용될 수 있으며 정자의 운동성을 높여주며 첨체 온전성을 증가시키는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1997년도 제25회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.47-52
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• 1997

Friction properties of two different types of automotive friction materials were studied. They were nonasbestos organic and semi-metallic friction materials. The two friction materials were tested using an inertia brake dynamometer to investigate friction stability, rooster tailing phenomena, temperature change of riction couples during drags and stops. Results showed that the level of the friction force is strong function of time, temperature, and speed regardless of the type of friction materials. The change of triction coefficient during braking (rooster tailing) was pronounced when the applied pressure was increased in the case of semi-metallic friction materials. This phenomena appears strongly dependent on the applied pressure, initial brake temperature and ingredients in the friction material.