• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare the growth of Vitex rotundifolia as affected by the difference of soil depth and mixture ratio in a shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture ratio as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plant growth in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 7cm, 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module systems made by woody frame of $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were eight types for perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 7 : 1 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_7P_1L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 6 : 2 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 5 : 3 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$), perlite : peatmoss : leafmold = 4 : 4 : 2 (v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$), only sand ($S_{10}$), sand : leafmold = 7 : 3 (v/v, $S_7L_3$), sand : leafmold = 5 : 5 (v/v, $S_5L_5$) and only leafmold ($L_{10}$). The growth response of Vitex rotundifolia had fine and sustain condition in $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$., Especially, in case of $P_6P_2L_2$, growth response appeared to be good even in soil thickness 7cm, which showed low survival rates of Vitex rotundifolia in other soil mixtures. Tree height, root diameter, photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents tended to increase with increased soil thickness.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

In power supply systems for urban areas, issues such as a progressive tax have escalated recently. In this regard, photovoltaic power generation, which is appraised as an alternative power generation system, is drawing attention increasingly for its high stability and applicability to existing infrastructure. This study assessed the realistic feasibility of photovoltaic power generation and also analyzed the economic benefits expected when it is linked with green roof, which is likely to promote ecological functions in urban areas, based on the Seoul solar map, RPS, and actual monitoring data. The economics analysis of 30kW photovoltaic power generation applied with the monthly average horizontal solar radiation of six grades in the Seoul solar map showed that positive NPV was up to grade 4, while grade 5 or poorer showed negative NPV and indicated that it is difficult to assure appropriate feasibility. Compared with non-afforestation, when green roof was applied, monthly average power improvement efficiency was 7.2% at highest and 3.7% at lowest based on yearly actual monitoring data. The annual average was 5.3%, and the efficiency was high relatively in summer, including September and November. As for the economic benefits expected when 30kw photovoltaic power generation is combined with green roof based on the average horizontal solar radiation of grade 1 in the Seoul solar map, SP has improved 0.2 years to 7.4 years, and EP has improved 0.5 years to 8.3 years.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2013

These day morden cities have serious climatic problems due to enviornmental load caused by excessive development of urbanization. As technological improvement to answer to various ecological disasters and climate changes are also called on the field of construction, inter-disciplinary studies linked to the estabilishment of sustainable energy generation systems and enviornmental control is needed in a consilient point of view. This study aims to analyse optimal site conditions for photovoltaic system and green roof planting through solar radiation simulation in a integrated perspective. In so doing, it seeks to proffer basic study for developing a sound use of roof area that is sustainable in environmental and resources aspects. A computer simulation showed that, in the case of total seasonal solar radiation, summer season resulted 312.5kWh in 35% of total annual solar radiation. This season indicated the lowest radiation rate of the year for direct sunlight in 45.8% of total seasonal solar radiation. Due to such solar radiation simulation, at the largest optimal planting area, Glechoma hederacea var. longituba secured $719.16m^2$ of gross roof area.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2019

During the initial design stage of apartment complex, the photovoltaic(PV) system has been considered as an alternative of renewable energy system and planned to install at the rooftop floor level in general. The electric power generation characteristics can be influenced by the block layout, building orientation and roof top structure because of azimuth angle, tilt angle, and partial shading. This study aims to investigate power generation characteristics of photovoltaic system in apartment buildings by considering the partial shading conditions due to the block layout, building orientation and roof-top structures. For the photovoltaic module arrangement planning in rooftop floor level, shading areas were firstly analyzed due to the adjacent building structure. And the annual and seasonal power generation of PV system were analyzed through the PVsyst simulation results. The results show that shading period at the roof top surface can be increased due to the parapet and water tank. Initial design power capacity can be decreased by considering the daily insolation period and distance between PV modules through the shading simulation. As the number of PV modules decreases, the annual power generation can be decreased. However annual power generation per unit area of PV modules can be increased and performance ratio can be increased above 80%. Also the power generation of PV system can be critically affected by building orientation and the performance ratio can be drastically decreased in east-oriented buildings due to the shading problems caused by adjacent structures at roof top level such as parapet and water tank.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2006

일반적으로 구조물이 지진하중에 저항하기 위해서는 충분한 강성과 연성을 확보하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 대공간 구조시스템의 지붕 구조와 하부 구조 사이에 면진 장치를 도입하는 방법을 사용하여 동적 거동 특성을 규명한다. 하부 구조의 강성과 질량의 크기에 대한 영향을 고려한 대공간 구조 시스템의 동적 거동 특성 규명 및 해석 과정 단순화를 위해 병렬 다질점계 등가모델을 도입한 본 논문은 향후 대공간 구조물의 성능 설계를 위한 기초적인 연구가 될 것이다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in recent agricultural energy and increase the energy self-sufficiency rate of each farmer, it is extremely important to expand the supply of solar energy using unused space of agricultural facilities, roof. This study surveyed and analyzed the environmental and administrative factors such as problems according to the structure, azimuth and latitude of broiler houses and stability of standard broiler houses required to use broiler house roof based on the poultry houses in Sangju-si. The results can be summarized as follows: 55.6% of the solar energy facilities of according to the classification of arable lands of broiler houses were available, and 31.7% of them were available by classifying according to the azimuth. However, 20.6% of them were available in the survey considering all the arable land and azimuth. In the roof inclination of the broiler houses, from 20 to $25^{\circ}$ was the most common, 30 broiler houses. The broiler houses with the roof inclination more than $20^{\circ}$ accounted for 63% of the total. It was considered that the inclination was generally proper. In the structural safety, only 3 broiler houses that were constructed as a standard broiler house were available. In practice, all but one broiler house was inappropriate to expand the solar energy project using roof. The solar thermal facility weighed $63.6kg/m^2$ in total: the frame and solar thermal collector weighed $27.8kg/m^2$ and $35.8kg/m^2$, respectively. The standard broiler house required to be internally reinforced. This study suggested a plan for internal reinforcement and a feasible plan because there were problems with structural safety when installing solar thermal and photovoltaic systems.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2010

최근 도시의 환경문제로 인하여 옥상녹화에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 옥상녹화 기술의 핵심은 식물의 생육을 건전하게 유지하는 동시에 건축물에 미치는 하중을 최소화할 수 있는 토양층을 조성하는 것이다. 본 연구는 옥상 환경에서 관목류의 생육을 건전하게 유지하면서 하중을 최소화할 수 있는 최적의 저관리 녹화 시스템을 구명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로서 상록관목인 영산홍을 식물재료로 선정하고 펄라이트를 주재료로 한 토심 30cm, 45cm, 60cm의 인공토양층을 건축물 옥상에 조성한 후, 2001년부터 2008년까지 식물 생육, 토양의 물리적 화학적 특성 변화, 건축물에 미치는 하중에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. RS-A-45와 RS-A-60에서는 실험 기간 동안 100%의 식물 생존율을 나타냈고 RS-A-30과 RS-B-60에서는 2008년에 각각 33%와 67%의 식물 생존율을 나타냈다. RS-A-45에서는 지속적으로 가장 높은 생육량이 나타났고 토양의 물리적 화학적 특성도 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 조성 후 8년이 경과한 시점에서 식물체를 포함한 포장용수 시 RS-A-45의 총중량은 $376.6kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$으로 옥상 녹화 허용 적재하중인 $500kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$보다 상당히 낮아 하중 측면에서도 적합한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.623-647
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• 2014

In this paper, a probability distribution which is consistent with the observed phenomenon at the roof corner and, also on other portions of the roof, of a low-rise building is proposed. The model is consistent with the choice of probability density function suggested by the statistical thermodynamics of open systems and turbulence modelling in fluid mechanics. After presenting the justification based on physical phenomenon and based on statistical arguments, the fit of alpha-stable distribution for prediction of extreme negative wind pressure coefficients is explored. The predictions are compared with those actually observed during wind tunnel experiments (using wind tunnel experimental data obtained from the aerodynamic database of Tokyo Polytechnic University), and those predicted by using Gumbel minimum and Hermite polynomial model. The predictions are also compared with those estimated using a recently proposed non-parametric model in regions where stability criterion (in skewness-kurtosis space) is satisfied. From the comparisons, it is noted that the proposed model can be used to estimate the extreme peak negative wind pressure coefficients. The model has an advantage that it is consistent with the physical processes proposed in the literature for explaining large fluctuations at the roof corners.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.643-652
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• 2017

Pitched roof frames are widely used in construction of the industrial buildings, gyms, schools and colleges, fire stations, storages, hangars and many other low rise structures. The weight and shape of the gable frames with tapered members, as a familiar group of the pitched roof frames, are highly dependent on the properties of the member cross-sectional. In this work Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO) is utilized for optimal design of three gable frames with tapered members. In order to optimize the frames, the design is performed using the AISC specifications for stress, displacement and stability constraints. The design constraints and weight of the gable frames are computed from the cross-section of members. These optimum weights are obtained using aforementioned optimization algorithms considering the cross-sections of the members and design constraints as optimization variables and constraints, respectively. A comparative study of the PSO and CBO with ECBO is also performed to illustrate the importance of the enhancement of the utilized optimization algorithm.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 2015

태양광발전소의 급속한 보급과 다양한 설계, 개발, 시공, 유지보수 관련 기술과 기업이 다양하게 공존하며 2010년 초반부터 구축된 최근의 태양광발전소는 발전단가의 하락에도 불구하고 주요 설비의 단가하락과 기술의 안정화로 발전소의 구축이 지속적으로 추진되고 있다. 최근에는 한정된 지상공간을 대체하는 지붕과 구조물 상단을 임차하여 시공하는 형태의 태양광발전소의 건립이 늘어나고 있다. 공장의 지붕, 창고나 물류센터의 지붕 등의 임차공간 설치 태양광발전소의 현황과 기술을 연구하고, 구축 시뮬레이션을 통하여 경제성을 분석하기 위한 검토와 연구를 진행 하였다.