• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.418-428
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance exercise(RE) on beta-amyloid(Aβ) metabolism, neuronal cell death, and cognitive function in the transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Fourteen transgenic(tg) mice and fourteen non-transgenic(non-tg) mice were divided into four groups: (1)non-tg-control(NTC, n=7) (2)non-tg-RE(NTRE, n=7) (3)tg-control(TC, n=7), and (4)tg-RE(TRE, n=7). The groups with RE were performed to progressive RE on ladder equipment for 8 weeks. The groups with RE were performed to progressive RE on ladder equipment for 8 weeks. After then, the cognitive function was measured by using the water maze test, and Aβ metabolism-related proteins, neuronal cell death, and SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway were also measured. Here, we found escape latency and time were significantly increased in the TC compared to the NTC group, but it was significantly reduced in the TRE group, indicating RE may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction. Next, we found an increased in Aβ protein of TC compared to NTC, but it was significantly reduced in the TRE group following RE. In neuronal cell death, Bcl-2 was also significantly decreased and Bax was significantly increased in the TC compared to the NTC group, but RE can increase Bcl-2 and reduce Bax, which may elevate the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. We further found a decrease in the level of ADAM10 and RARβ protein was significantly increased whereas increased in ROCK1 and BACE1 expression level was significantly reduced following RE in the TRE compared to the TC group. In addition, the level of SIRT1/PGC-1α proteins was decreased in the TC group compared to NTC group, but, these markers were significantly increased in the TRE group following RE. Therefore, our finding indicated that RE may ameliorate cognitive deficits by reducing Aβ protein and neuronal cell death via regulating SIRT1/PGC-1α, amyloidogenic pathway, and non-amyloidogenic pathway, which may play a role in an effective strategy for AD.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.477-484
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to compare the apical terminus width of simulated curved root canal prepared with three NiTi file systems used by undergraduates for evaluation the effects of flute angle and pitch or radial land on reducing screw-in effect and to determine more safe NiTi file system for inexperienced operators. Fifty inexperienced undergraduate students prepared 150 simulated curved root canals in resin blocks with three NiTi file systems ; ProFile$^{(R)}$, Hero Shaper$^{(R)}$, K3$^{TM}$. The electric motor set at a speed of 300 rpm and torque of 30 in a 16 : 1 reduction handpiece was used. The simulated root canal was prepared to ISO #25 sizes with each file system. The scanned images of pre- and post-instrumented canal of resin block were superimposed. To evaluate the screw-in effect of three NiTi file systems, apical terminus width of root canal was measured from superimposed images and statistical analysis was performed. There were significant differences in three NiTi flle systems. ProFile$^{(R)}$ had significantly smaller width than Hero Shaper$^{(R)}$ and K3$^{TM}$"" (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between K3$^{TM}$ and Hero Shaper$^{(R)}$. Under the condition of this study, active file system (Hero SHaper$^{(R)}$, K3$^{TM}$) with variable pitch and helical angle had more screw-in effect than passive file system (ProFile$^{(R)}$) with constant pitch and helical angle. It seems that the radial lands play more important role in reducing screw-in effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the supplementary effects of Lentinus edodes which were harvested at different time period and part on acetylcholine content and its related enzyme activities in the brain of diabetic mouse model (KK mouse). We fed mice with standard diet (Control diet; CON) or 4 different kinds of experimental diets (DGC: on time harvested, cap of Dong Go; DGS: on time harvested, stipe of Dong Go; HSC: late harvested, cap of Hyang Sin: HSS: late harvested, stipe of Hyang Sin) to KK mouse for 8 weeks. Neurotransmitter such as acetylcholine contents, acetylcholinesterase activities, monoamine oxidase-B ac-tivities and lipid peroxide contents in the brain were measured. The results showed that acetylcholine content was significantly higher in DGC and HSC groups than CON group. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase-B enzyme were significantly inhibited in the brain of DGC and HSC groups compared with CON group. Lipid peroxide content was lower in DGC group than CON group. These results suggested that the cap of Lentinus edodes which were harvested on time and late time contain increased acetylcholine content and decreased acetylcholinesterase activities, monoamine oxidase-B activities and lipid peroxide contents. Thus the cap of Lentinus edodes which were harvested at different time periods may play an effective role in enhancing cognitive function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2007

Lipid peroxidation is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found to play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenesis of many carcinogens. This study was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin C on lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of serum and liver in male rats treated with radiation or aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$. Six week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups; control group, radiation exposed group, $AFB_1$ treated group, X-ray and $AFB_1$ co-treated group. Three groups, except control group, were each further divided into vitamin C administered group and not administered groups. For this study, vitamin C was injected with 10 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection and 1 hr later, 0.4 mg/kg of $AFB_1$ was injected by the same method. These administrations were repeated every 3 days over a period of 15 days. Only one time, X-ray was irradiated on whole liver with 1,500 cGy. Then vitamin C and AFB1 were administered by the same level and same method described above. On the 16th day of treatments, the animals were sacrificed. From the analysis of the serum lipid patterns, significant decrease (p<0.01) in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels were observed in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). In liver lipids, the levels of free cholesterol and total cholesterol were also decreased in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). The levels of serum free cholesterol and hepatic TG were not significantly different among all groups according to vitamin C administrations. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level of serum was significantly (p<0.01) increased while the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level was decreased in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). In the phospholipid fatty-acid compositions of serum and liver tissue, group 3, 5 and 7 showed an increase in polyunsaturated fatty-acid (PUFA) but a decrease in saturated fatty acid (SFA) when compared to the control group. The composition ratio of fatty acid varied according to vitamin C administration. These results suggested that vitamin C has partly suppressive effects on lipid contents and fatty acid composition of serum and liver in rats treated by radiation and $AFB_1$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1980

This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating taste compounds in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii. The changes of such compounds as amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds, betaine, TMAO and TMA during fermentation were analyzed. IMP, AMP, ADP and ATP were decreased, while hypoxanthine was increased during the fermentation. The content of hypoxanthine in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii after 50 days was increased to about 2 times of that in raw entrails. In the free amino acid composition of raw entrails, abundant amino acids were lysine, glutamic acid, valine, alanine, threonine, serine, leucine and glycine in order. Such amino acids as arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were lower than 2.0% of total free amino acid, and proline and cysteine were detected in trace amount. The changes in free amino acid composition of the extract in entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii during fermentation were not observed. Such amino acids as lysine, glutamic acid, valine, serine and leucine were especially abundant in both raw and fermented products. The content of total free amino acids in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii after 50 days were increased to about 12 times of that in raw. The content of betaine nitrogen were about 14.5 (moisture and salt free base) after 50 days of fermentation. TMAO nitrogen was decreased during the fermentation. It is believed that lysine, glutamic acid, valine, serine, leucine and hypoxanthine play an important role as taste compounds in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Oseckii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 1985

This study was attempted to evaluate the chemical components of Aldaegu, Gadus macrocephalus, which consumed as a salted and dried product popularly in Korea. The contents of such compounds as amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds, fatty acids and minerals were analysed. The content of total free amino acids was 814.9 mg% on dry basis and the major amino acids were tyrosine, alanine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and valine in a decreasing order. These amino acids were resulted as 45% of total free amino acids in Aldaegu. In the nucleotides and their related compounds, inosine and hypoxanthine were the only compounds detected. The overall content of nucleotide and their related nitrogenous compounds, free amino acid-N., ammonia-N., creatine and creatinine-N., and betaine-N., was 78.6% of extractable nitrogen. Ammonia-N was the most abundant of other nitrogenous compounds, resulting 36.6% of extractable nitrogen from the sample. In the fatty acid composition of total lipid and phospholipid, polyenoic fatty acid was abundant holding about 48% respectively. However, higher amounts of saturated fatty acids(39.8%) were found in glycolipid, and the predominant fatty acids in quantity were palmitic $acid(C_{16:0})$, stearic acid $(C_{18:0})$, oleic $acid(C_{18:1})$, docosahexaenoic $acid(C_{22:6})$, eicosapentaenoic $acid(C_{20:5})$ and eicosatetraenoic $acid(C_{20:4})$. Aldaegu contained 27,430 ppm of sodium and the trace amount of lead and cadmium was detected, which gave a good safety in the food sanitation aspects. It was presumed that free amino acids, ammonia, hypoxanthine, betaine, creatine and creatinine, and minerals play an important role for the characteristics of taste and flavor of Aldaegu.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1984

To obtain the fundamental data on the nutritional value of protein for fresh meat, it was per- formed the distribution of Tl(trypsin indigestible substrates) and the apparent in vitro protein digestibility in 8 species of dark-fleshed fishes and8 species of white-fleshed fishes which were consumed in Korea popularly. It was also investigate the changes in VBN and TBA value during frozen storage at $-10^{\circ}C$on the purpose of assaying the antinutritional factors that affect on apparent in vitro protein digestibility or Tl forming. Tl content in dark-fleshed fishes were varied with their species, ranged from 0.02 to 0.17 mg/g. using the method by Hamerstrand, while that in white-fleshed fishes was almost same, ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 mg/g. For all the fresh fish samples, however, the apparent in vitro protein digestibility were showed the value from 83 to 83%. In comparison with the parts of pacific mackerel, viscera had the most abundant Tl content as much as 0.3m g/g, while a trace was noted for skin and dark muscle had more Tl content than ordinary muscle based on the method by Hamerstrand. The apparent in vitro protein digestibility for all samples was dropped but the changes of VBN and TBA were retested the similar tendency with the increasing Tl content during frozen storage at $-10^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it could be concluded that Tl contbnt and apparent in vitro protein digestibility were affected by its freshness and fat oxidation and that, especially, fat was assumed to play an important role on apparent in vitro protein digestibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.953-960
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• 2015

This study evaluated the effects of Rubus coreanus Miq. oil on the plasma lipid profile of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). After completion of the 5-week experimental period, we measured bodyweight gain, food intake, adipose tissue mass, and plasma lipid profile. We also analyzed the activities of carnitine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) involved in ${\beta}$-oxidation and antioxidation, respectively. Our results show that HFD-induced weight gain in animals in the R. coreanus Miq. oil diet group (RCO) and corn oil diet group (CO) was significantly lower compared to animals in the HFD group; RCO supplementation had a more noticeable effect than CO. Visceral and back fat weights were lower in the RCO and CO groups while plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C per total cholesterol [HDL-C/TC (%)] ratio were significantly higher in the RCO group. The contents of acid-soluble acylcarnitine and total carnitine as well as SOD activation were significantly higher in the RCO group, but no significant difference was observed between the RCO and CO groups. In conclusion, RCO effectively averted elevation of total body weight and fat weight in HFD-induced obese mice and promoted increased HDL-C. Therefore, R. coreanus Miq. oil might play an anti-obesity role in obese people and could be used as an effective oil supplement.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 1994

Present study was to evaluate the validity and the clinical utility of the Korean version of Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for Children(LNNB-C) in various groups including normal, brain damaged attention deficit hyperactivity disordered(ADHD), and psychiatrically disordered. The Korean version of LNNB-C and BGT were administered to clinical groups consisted of 51 patients(19 brain damaged, 16 ADHD. and 16 psychiatric controls), and to normal group composed of 147 children between the age of 8 and It Also KEDI-WISC was administered D clinical groups as a part of comprehensive psychological assessment There were significant differences between the brain damaged and the normals on all scales of LNNB-C, and between the normals and the ADHD on 11 clinical scales and 3 summary scales, which indicate the clinical validity for the scales of the Korean version of LNNB-C. The significant differences between the ADHD and the brain damaged on 3 summary scales were found, suggesting that the summary scales might play an important role id discriminating between two groups. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that the Korean version of LNNB-C significantly discriminates 3 groups - normals, ADHD, and brain damaged. Percentages of correct classification were ranged from 62.5% in the ADHD to 98.6Ta in the normals. For further evaluating the discriminant validity of the LNNB-C, the discriminant power of each items were calculated, and 131 of the 147 items discriminated significantly between the brain damaged and the normals. The scales of LNNB-C significantly correlated with the error scores of BGT and the most of scales of KEDI-WISC. These results put together : strongly support the concurrent and the discriminant validity of the Korean version of LNNB-C in diagnosing brain damage. The limitations of present study and several issues for the luther study were discussed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

By extracting the sample of Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae), which was known to have the protection of damaged organ and the anti-inflammation action, it was experimented whether it is available for the application of treatment of osteoporosis. In the previous experiment, the extracts from Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) were confirmed to inhibit Cathepsin K through treating the cell of long bone, which contains osteoclast. Through this, it is suggested that Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) can play a role of prodrug as an inhibitor of absorbing bone ash in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present experiment, a research in vitro Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) on the growth and sensibilization of osteoblast in a state that induced osteosis by using the cell tissue of MC3T3-El pre-osteoblastic was conducted. As a result, it could be confirmed that Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) has the strengthening function by enhancing the dosage and the activity of ALP depending on the time. The dosage was observed at the minimum of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and the maximum of $150{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The enhancement in bone morphogenetic protein-2 at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ UD could be observed, and it also increased the concentration of ALP mRNA within the cell of MC3T3-El. At $60{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ UD which indicated a little increase in Type I collagen mRNA for a long time of culture. However, it was shown to sharply inhibit the expression of gene in the culture between 15-20 days. These results suggest that Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) has an influence upon bone metabolism through thje sensibilization of osteoblast. Therefore, it could be known that utilized Ulmus davidiana Planch(Ulmaceae) can be positively applied for the general disease of bone metabolism through future studies.