• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.337-366
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• 2015

This study had begun about the conflict between a lack of social adjustment and integration program for resident foreigners in Korea and a duplication of multicultural service in a specific area. This study was implemented through literature review and interview for analyses of the current status and problems of multicultural policy, subdivided into 3-stages model to reach the multiculturalism as multicultural policy process. The first stage suggested the unification of a channel for establishing a policies, reinforcing the functions of government ministries and the cooperation between the branches of the government. The second stage attempted to build the multicutural institutes network in a specific area unit, considering of the geographical and administrative environments. The third stage focused on the activities of individual organizations and proposed collaboration with library, school, support center for multi-cultural families, social service center, sport center, community center, and cultural facility. Additionally, 3-stages model emphasized on civic organization's role. This study was offered a meta-platform leaded by library community for sharing the information about planning and managing of multicutural programs and also mentioned significances for formulating multicutural policies. As a result, this study was presented and specified the 3-stages model to reach the multiculturalism, and verified the various considerations which have influenced the refinements of the multicultural policies as the demographic and geographical characteristics.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe a total pain model in patients with terminal cancer and to identify factors relating to total pain using the Twycross Pain Management Model, which included physical, psycho-social and spiritual pain. Method : The study was a retrospective descriptive study. The first stage included 87 patients who received hospice service at Y hospital in 1997. The second stage included five model patients who suffer severe pain as selected by the four hospice nurses. Data collection was from 1) chart analysis and 2) in-depth interviews with the hospice nurses about their selected patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-WIN and content analysis. Result : 1) The main problems of 3 patient with terminal cancer were pain(77%), constipation (25.3%), family coping(35.6%), psycho-spiritual distress(17.2%)and other symptoms. 2. The Twycross model was a useful model. However, new items were added; loneliness, depression, and no improvement in condition as depression factors. In anger, new items were anger due to family neglect, at God and in relationships. The case studies identified the followsing; 1) Patient suffer from physical pain as well as multiple other symptoms when cancer is advanced. 2) Body concept, role change, threat to self concept, fear of pain, fear of death, anxiety, family conflict, financial burden, spiritual distress, hope for a cure, are all affected. Conclusion : 1) It is believed that the Twycross model is useful but further tests and revisions are necessary for deciding priorities in the care plan. 2) Pain management must improve culturally appropriate and family support, psychological, spiritual care are imperative for patient with terminal cancer. 3) Further study is recommended to test correlations of depression, anxiety, spiritual distress and family coping using valid instruments. A qualitative study on the spiritual journey of the patient with terminal cancer is also recommended.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.86-116
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• 2011

Recently, media diplomacy takes on a substantial role in information war not only in setting global agenda but also in delivering their favored views and frames. Focusing on its crucial impact, this study attempts to investigate empirically the relationship between national prestigious media's news coverage and it's own foreign policy particularly about the 2011 Libya conflict. The total of 530 news articles in such 24 hour English news channels as BBC World, Cnn International, Russia Today, France24, Al Jazeera English and Deusche Welle were analyzed for this study. The analyses reveal that Libya coverages of those news channels are entirely constructed in the context of the foreign policy. To put it concretely, there was the undeniable level of differences in terms of quoting relevant sources, viewpoints, attitudes and frames for the pursuit of media diplomacy helped by high quality journalism. The authors argue in this regard that protecting information sovereignty should be urgently discussed even in the time of digital revolution. To launch 24-hour English news channel like 'Korea 24' would be a possible strategy for influencing global agenda and perspective in way of supporting national interests.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.197-201
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• 2014

As the importance of rare metal is increasing globally, Japan introduced the concept of Strategic Elements in 2004, and started Strategic Elements Project in 2007. The Goal of this project run by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is to develop high-function materials and components that do not use rare or harmful elements by studying the role and characteristics of the elements that compose materials and components and decide their functions and characteristics. In September 2010, Japanese coast guard arrested a Chinese fishing boat near Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands by China), which escalated to the territory issue and eventually a big diplomatic and economic conflict. In order to put pressure on Japanese Government, China used an economic option, which is the ban of rare earth export to Japan. This incident doubled Japan's motivation to develop Strategic Elements and put more efforts into this Project. MEXT set the following three research areas in February 2012: Study of alternative materials using sufficient and harmless elements, Study of applications for the high-functions of Strategic Elements, Study of practical design for components using Strategic Elements. Through a course of gathering the opinion of professionals, MEXT settled down with the following 4 research and study areas for the Strategic Elements Project in June 2012. 1. Magnetic materials to replace Dy, Nd. 2. Catalyst/Battery materials to replace Pt, Rh/Li, Co. 3. Electronic materials to replace In, Ta. 4. Structural materials to replace Nb, Mo. This paper deals with the first area and reviews the results of the research and study as of now.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible benefits of combining transportation planning models with geographic information systems (GIS) in the hope that intergrating these systems can alleviate the inherent problems of transportation planning models such as user unfriendliness, labor intensiveness, and theoretical limitations. Specially, this paper focuses on the issue of incompatiblity between GIS and the conventional transportation planning models in dealing with network topologies. Resolving this conflict in topologies is a conerstone for eliminating the user-unfriendliness and labor-intensiveness issues. This paper presents the development of an algorithm that converts GIS topology into transportation network topology. The FORTRAN-based topology conversion algorithm generates transportation networks from the GIS cartographic file and establishes a communication charmel between the two systems.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.201-221
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• 2003

This paper aims to examine whether there are significant differences in various aspects of a household's arrangements by type of employment of married woman; 1) the extent of the division of labor, 2) the authority of decision making, and 3) financial and expenditure responsibilities. It also investigates the determinants of gender equality in the family. Based on data collected in the fall of 2002 from a representative sample of the Korean population, this study finds that nonstandard employment of married woman including temporary work and daily basis work does not contribute to gender equality within the household, although most of nonstandard employees are full-time workers. However, standard employment of married woman contribute to gender equality in the family. The results of this study show that husbands whose wives are standard-employed are more likely to take part in housework chores that are female-dominated, and standardly employed wives are more likely than non-standardly employed or housewives to take part in the household's financial and expenditure responsibilities. Standardly employed wives also have more power in decision making process within households. On the contrary, non-standardly employed wives gain no advantage over housewives within their families, due to lack of bargaining resources that enable them to affect the household's arrangements. Thus, they have confronted additional burdens, which stem from carrying the dual role of doing house work as well as paid work. Such increasing work-family conflict may bring about disruption of family. Therefore, this study maintains that it is high time that government-level efforts should be made in order to improve the status of irregularly employed wives in the workplace.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.235-264
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between career barrier and career maturity of the adolescents who were concretely worried about their career and occupation. 672 middle school students were participated to analyze the Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analyses with data collected by the questionnaire. This study revealed the following results. First, the correlational analysis showed that career barrier associated negatively with career maturity. Second, the multiple regression analysis revealed that sub-elements of career barrier which the adolescents conceived, such as the shortage of self-understanding, the shortage of self-reliance, gender-role conflict and gender discrimination, and the shortage of career and occupational information were significantly effecting their career maturity. Third, as a result of multiple regression analysis to estimate the explanability of career barrier on career maturity, career barrier among various independent factors which were correlated statistically with career maturity showed most effects on it. Also, school academic achievement was confirmed as a significant factor effecting the career maturity. Above these results imply that the perception on the career barrier of the adolescent should be reduced for increasing the career maturity. For this, career education and counselling should be positively intervened and reinforced through the school curriculum and activities.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.119-136
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• 2015

The contracting parties must be provided a litigation scheme in order to resolve a dispute. This means taking advantage of effective measures for mediation or arbitration. A lease transaction is likely to occur mainly after a dispute. It is necessary to take the appropriate measures in advance. In general, when a variety of contracts are created, conflicts arise and disputes have to be resolved through mediation and arbitration documents, and adjustment or intervention is called for. Arbitration system is a system that is established based on the trust of the arbitral tribunal. For such system, quality education for enhancing professionalism required of the arbitrator is important. A party responding to an arbitration agreement presents a problem. The current system must ensure that there are no disadvantaged parties. However, a party must depend on an arbitration agreement that is part of the law rescue system. A litigation support by the local Bar Association must be carried out. It should be notified of the contents of the contract to select a strategy that will best resolve the conflict. In the case of lease transactions, there is a need to create a scheme to make a standard agreement that inserts an arbitration clause. Lease sale and purchase agreement or lease agreement is a form of contract that has been frequently used. Here, the arbitration agreement clause for a lawyer that will serve as arbitrator should be inserted. It is a scheme that can be activated for individuals in poor areas. In addition, it is possible to see it taking a scheme to take advantage of the lawyer system for the future of the town. The Attorney System of a town is a system that the Korean Bar Association, Legal Department has put in place since 2013. If a real estate trade dispute occurs, the role of the intermediary attorney should be to carry out his duties efficiently. In the case of real estate transaction conflicts, the lawyer of the village should be registered as the arbitrator. It is important to establish a basis of regulations through this type of real estate transaction accident analysis. Before proceeding with various adjustment systems, it is desirable to expand the arbitration region. Now we need a realtor amendment. It is the part where fragmentation of intermediary qualification is required, along with the eligibility of a subdivision.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.55-78
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• 2007

Increasingly the information technology (IT) outsourcing phenomenon has been a subject of much academic research. Scholars have argued that knowledge complementarities playa crucial role in forming successful IT outsourcing relationships. However, notwithstanding the fast growth of IT outsourcing, prior studies on IT outsourcing have not included knowledge complementarities in their research design as a determining factor for IT outsourcing effectiveness. Further, the understanding of knowledge complementarities itself remains ambiguous. In this study, the concept of knowledge complementarities is explored in the IT outsourcing context at the firm level. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: what is knowledge complementarities? How does it affect IT outsourcing effectiveness? Is the relationship between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness influenced by organizational trust between the client and the vendor? Grounded in the relevant theories to knowledge management and IT outsourcing, we develop a research model in which both the main effects of knowledge complementarities and organizational trust and the moderating effect of organizational trust on the relationships between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness are tested. Within this research model, we develop a second order construct of knowledge complementarities, consisting of complementary business knowledge and complementary IT knowledge as the first order constructs. We have used data from a field study of 103 firms in Korea to test the proposed model. Controlling the effects of conflict resolution efforts, our empirical analysis found significant main effects of knowledge complementarities and organizational trust on IT outsourcing effectiveness. The results suggest that knowledge complementarities between the client and vendor positively contribute to IT outsourcing effectiveness. Specifically, the client needs to have enough IT knowledge to assess the quality of IT outsourcing services provided by the vendor. Meanwhile, the vendor should understand the client's business well enough to provide IT services, Contrary to our expectations, the moderating effect of trust on the relationship between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness was not supported in this study. The results also show that organizational trust between client and vendor significantly influences IT outsourcing effectiveness. As for contributions of this study, we have not only clarified the concept of knowledge complementarities, but also developed an instrument to measure the concept and empirically validated it. Further, we have tested the idea that knowledge complementarities and trust directly influence IT outsourcing effectiveness and trust moderates the relationship between knowledge complementarities and IT outsourcing effectiveness. Out results prescribe the knowledge complementarities of client and vendor as a useful path to IT outsourcing effectiveness. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed in the paper.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.131-158
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• 2008

While there were separation, confrontation and conflicts in Yungnam confucian group in seventeenth century, Nampa Jang Hak(1614~1669), was one of the representative figure among Yeoheon's pupils in doing the project of Yeoheon's enshrinement and strengthening the solidarity of Yeoheon's students. His family had close relationship with Yeoheon, and he started to receive instructions from Yeoheon in his early ages. Owing to the close relationship with Yeoheon, Nam pa did the leading role in the memorial projects, such as publishing the collection of works, and enshrining Yeoheon's tablet in Seowon, a private academy. Especially, he defined Yeoheon's scholarstic mantle as 'assertion that does not come from the teacher whom specifies(不由師承論)' and tried to link Yeoheon's work with other confucian saints' works. This linkage functioned as a stepstone for the projects of enshrining Yeoheon in the memorial hall of their private school, Seowon. Accordingly, in this paper, Nampa's life and academic activities are investigated, considering he was in the middle of the turmoil of separation and conflict of Yeongnam confucian group. Specifically, Nampa was most actively involved in the project of enshrining Yeoheon, and he defined Yeoheon's scholaristic mantle as 'assertion that does not come from the teacher whom specifies(不由師承論)'. Basing on this understanding, he pushed ahead the controversial project of enshrining Yeoheon's tablet in Imgo Seowon(臨皐書院). Although Nampa's scholaric key concepts cannot be found clearly, he tried to diffuse Yeoheon's academic thought over other regions, and by this activity, he tried to solidify Yeoheon's scholarstic achievement and status. His activity confirms that he was most distinctive student of Yeoheon. Ultimately, He was the central figure of late times of Yeoheon school, comparing to the most prestigious fifteen scholars(樑頌十五賢) and ten scholars(旅門十哲) who represented the early times of Yeoheon school.