• 제목/요약/키워드: role meanings

검색결과 294건 처리시간 0.031초

미술의 공공성과 키스 해링(Keith Haring)의 사회적 개입에 관한 연구 (A Study on Art's Public Features and Social Intervention by Keith Haring)

  • 김지영
    • 미술이론과 현장
    • /
    • 제8호
    • /
    • pp.59-87
    • /
    • 2009
  • This thesis started from the attempt to make it clear that 80's American artist Keith Haring(1958-1990) had conducted social intervention of criticism, resistance, and participation through his works, and so pursued public value. Haring of graffiti fame left popular and familiar cartoon style pictures on the street wall, the billboards, the posters and so on. Popular and playful works was explained as his unique characteristics, but Haring's creative way at the field has more value than just being grasped as artist's personal characteristics. Haring's work pieces became everyday art by joining with people's life, and are working as a social speaking place. So I think that these Haring's art works possess characteristics of 'the public sphere'. 'The Public Sphere' means that is independent and free from the government or partisan economic forces, so that is not connected with the interested relations, and that is the sphere of rational argumentation without 'disguise' or 'fabrication', and that is the sphere where general public can participate in and is inspected by them. The public sphere between the sphere of public authority such a nation and a market and the private sphere of free individual, it is mutually connected with them and works as the space forming public opinion. Private individuals communicate with this public sphere and perform a role of direct and indirect check, balance, and social criticism way off from power. Openness that should include the voice of not only leading power but also the socially weak such as citizens, women, homosexuals, minority races, and so on, and alienated class, is an index of the public characteristics. The public sphere is not working just with speech and mass media. Many artists as well as Haring open their mouth and act through an art at the center of society, and create another public sphere by an art. I understood that the real participatory and practical characteristics on the Haring's work is a phenomenon and current of a part of the art world including Haring. Such current started from 1960s is the in-depth effort to be connected with the life more closely, to communicate with people, and to improve problems of life. And it has pursued public value on the different way from the nation or public power. Artists have intervened in the society with strategic and positive ways in order to raise pushed-out value and sinked rights as the public agenda, and labored to accept the value of variety and difference at the society. The aspect of such social intervention is the notable features, findable on the Haring's works and process. Haring's works include art historical meanings and are expressed with familiar and plastic language, so they were able to communicate with various classes. And he secured various customers at the field and the street. This communicative and public approach factor raised the possibility much for his works to work as the public sphere. Haring presented critical and resistant speech toward society with his works based on this factor. He asserted his position and justice of gender identity as a sexual minority. And his such work continued to movement for alienated class and social week over his own rights. His speech and message on the wall painting, poster, T-shirts, billboard of the subway, and so on worked as a spectacle and pressed concern with social issues and consciousness shift. And he's been trying to protect and care people who is injured by HIV and drug and to realize social justice through social week protection. Haring's works planned to meet many people as much as possible performed its role of intervening in society through criticism, resistance, speech, and participation, and controlling and checking social issues. These things considered, Haring's works show his consciousness about public attributes of art, and obviously include public value seeking. And also we can find the meaning of such his work as that an art is working as the public sphere and shows the possibility to discuss and practice public issues.

  • PDF

대순진리회 강성상제의 신격과 그 의미 - 강성(姜聖)의 의미를 중심으로 - (A Study on the Meanings of Daesoonjinrihoe Gangseong Sangje's Divinity)

  • 고남식
    • 대순사상논총
    • /
    • 제22권
    • /
    • pp.1-32
    • /
    • 2014
  • This paper is searching the meaning of Gangseong(姜聖) which came from Gucheon Sangje(九天上帝, the Lord and Creator of the Great Origin of the Ninth Heaven) incarnated in the Gang(姜) family. To study the meaning of Gangseong(姜聖), this paper concentrate on Maitreya(彌勒尊佛) and the sentence about Wonsibanbon(原始返本) Sangje's incarnation in the Gang's family appeared on term Gangseong in the middle of divinity terms(九天應元雷聲普化天尊姜聖上帝). Furthermore, Sangje's surname Gangseong(姜姓) has relation with Maitreya and the sentence about Wonsibanbon. What Maitreya has relation with Gangseong(姜聖) is the legendary poem that Maitreya Statue became complete woman(六丈金佛 化爲全女) and what Wensibanbon has relation with Gangseong is the fact that family name Gang is primary surname all over the world's human beings. Wonsibanbon comprises correction of family lineage and theocracy(政敎一致) which came from tracing and reviving the beginning. As a primary family name, Sangje's incarnation family name Gang plays a leading edge role of religious activity of Sangje because primary family name Gang represents the one and only Truth(眞法) or the principle of Wensibanbon which means the union[unity] of religion and politics(政敎一致), and combining saintliness and heroism (聖雄兼備). According to the one and only Truth(眞法) like this, the first emergence and role of the completely "DoTongKunJa" (道通君子, the perfection of man with Dotong) who Sang-Je declared will build the union[unity] of religion and politics shows realization of advance-oriented salvation. Under the principle of Yangsan(兩山, twin mountain, 甑山, 鼎山, the three-story Maitreya Statue of Geumsan Temple) which implies emergence of the completely "DoTongKunJa"(道通君子) who will accomplish the union[unity] of religion and politics(政敎一致), combining saintliness and heroism(聖雄兼備) and advent of the one and only Truth(眞法出現). This could be possible by the almighty of Sangje who incarnated in Gang's family name according to the principle of Wensibanbon from the text Jeonkyung(典經) as shown. Adjusting family lineage (血統) means to straighten out the relation between ancestors and descendants, and which has close relation with the activity after Sangje's incarnation in Gang's family name according to the principle of Wensibanbon. As far as family lineage was concerned, there are three aspects of close relation between ancestors and descendants. First, general connection between ancestors and descendants, Second Dotong(道通)-related connection, Third after -death entrance(冥府)-related connection. Descendants should know a family history from moral laws of family relationships(天倫) by the Compatibility principle. As for second Dotong-related connection between ancestors and descendants, the fact descendants' Dotong can be accomplished by the act of ancestors' charity shows human beings world(人間界) where descendants live has close organic relation with divine world(神明界) where ancestors live. As for third after-death entrance-related connection between ancestors and descendants, after-death entrance are totally related with both Heavenly order(天道) of ancestors and Humane-order(人道) of descendants. At this point, we can see the relation between ancestors and descendants are very close and organic. As shown from the text Jeonkyung, Sangje as Gucheon Sangje(九天上帝, the Lord and Creator of the Great Origin of the Ninth Heaven) and Maitreya(彌勒尊佛) has descended to the earth adopting Gang's family name according to principle Wensibanbon. By Sangje's incarnation in Gang's family name, the legitimacy of the religion and the perfection of Do could be successed under the law of Yangsan(兩山). Furthermore, Sangje realize the one and only Truth by Adjusting family lineage and producing the completely "true man" through Cheonji Gongsa.

디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구 (Essay on Form and Function Design)

  • 이재국
    • 디자인학연구
    • /
    • 제2권1호
    • /
    • pp.63-97
    • /
    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

  • PDF

만평 속 인물캐릭터인 '국정원 여직원'의 기호적 분석 (Symbolic Analysis of a Figure Character in Satirical Cartoon 'National Intelligence Service Female Agent')

  • 박경철
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
    • /
    • 통권37호
    • /
    • pp.307-334
    • /
    • 2014
  • 만평은 특정인물 또는 사회현상을 풍자하기 위해서 특정인물 또는 사회현상에 비유되는 인물캐릭터를 등장시킨다. 만평 속 인물캐릭터의 말과 행위를 통해 부정행위를 한 권력자나 부조리한 사회현상을 드러낸다. 본 연구의 인물캐릭터인 국정원 여직원은 장기간에 걸쳐 만평에 등장하고 있으며, 실제 인물 대신에 사회현상을 비유하고 있다. 이처럼 국정원 여직원이 장기간에 걸쳐 만평 속 인물캐릭터로 등장하는 이유는 관련된 사회현상이 종결되지 않고 진행 중이기 때문이다. 또한 실제인물 대신에 사회현상을 비유하는 이유는 국정원 여직원의 숨겨진 얼굴로 인해 얼굴을 알기 쉽지 않은데 기인한다. 숨겨진 얼굴은 인물의 특징을 과장하기 힘들게 한다. 숨겨진 얼굴은 야구모자와 목도리로 상징되는 숨고 싶은 욕망의 표현이기도 하다. 숨겨진 얼굴과 숨고 싶은 욕망은 실제 인물 대신에 관련 있는 다른 인물 혹은 사회현상으로 치환하기 쉽게 만든다. 즉 국정원 여직원의 외형적 특징은 만평에서 '추가된 기의'를 결합시키기에 좋은 조건을 갖추고 있는 셈이다. 만평 속 인물캐릭터인 국정원 여직원은 실제 국정원 여직원과 무관하게 여러 의미가 필요에 의해 결합하여 실제 인물은 사라지고 다른 인물 혹은 집단 또는 사회현상으로 치환된다. 이처럼 본 연구는 만평에서 '국정원 여직원'으로 등장하는 인물캐릭터를 기호적으로 분석함으로써 만평 속 인물캐릭터의 역할을 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 만평 속 인물캐릭터의 기호적 분석을 통해 다음을 알 수 있다. 첫 번째, 만평은 사회현상을 풍자한다. 만평 속 인물캐릭터가 실제 인물을 대신하여 사회현상을 풍자한다. 두 번째, 만평은 정치가 만들어내는 부조리한 사회현상의 핵심적이거나 감추고 싶은 치부를 드러내어 풍자한다. 만평 속 인물캐릭터가 실제 인물을 대신하여 사회현상의 핵심적이거나 감추고 싶은 치부를 드러내어 풍자한다. 세 번째, 만평은 정치가 만들어내는 부조리한 사회현상의 책임자에게 경고의 메시지를 보낸다. 만평 속 인물캐릭터가 실제 인물을 대신하여 정치가 만들어내는 부조리한 사회현상의 책임자에게 경고의 메시지를 보낸다. 네 번째, 만평은 정치가 만들어내는 부조리한 사회현상에 의해 개인이 받게 되는 상처 혹은 스트레스를 견딜 수 있게 카타르시스를 제공한다. 만평 속 인물캐릭터가 실제 인물을 풍자하고 조롱함으로써 부조리한 사회현상에 의해 개인이 받게 되는 상처 혹은 스트레스를 견딜 수 있게 카타르시스를 제공한다.

서래마을의 장소 정체성에 대한 연구 - 프랑스인 주민과 방문자의 인식 비교를 중심으로 - (A Study on Place Identity in Seo-Rae Village - Focusing on Comparison of Sense of Place between Inhabitants and Visitors -)

  • 한성미;임승빈;엄붕훈
    • 한국조경학회지
    • /
    • 제37권4호
    • /
    • pp.32-41
    • /
    • 2009
  • 최근 공공미술을 중심으로 하는 장소 만들기를 비롯한 경관계획의 증가와 함께, 도시의 사회 문화적 변화와 그 특성을 배경으로 한 외국인 마을, 도심 속 명소의 등장과 같은 다양한 장소들이 생성되고 있으며, 그에 따른 장소 마케팅 또한 대두되고 있다. 이러한 추세는 장소성에 대한 고찰이 결여된 장소의 창조와 장소마케팅으로 인해 획일화, 상업화된 장소의 확산을 유발할 수 있으며, 따라서 환경계획 설계 분야에서의 장소성에 대한 이해와 심층적인 연구가 선행되어야 하는 필요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 장소성 연구의 일환으로, 국내 프랑스인의 40% 이상이 거주하고 있고 서울시의 명소로 시민들이 방문하고 있는 서래마을을 대상으로 주민과 방문자의 장소성 지각의 차이와 장소적 현상을 통해 장소성 형성요인과 장소 정체성을 연구하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서래마을은 프랑스인 주민의 주거 및 교육환경의 필요에 의해 형성된 장소로서, 이에 부합하는 활동과 의미의 범위에 한정되는 내부성을 형성하고 있다. 또한, 서래마을의 물리적 환경은 프랑스적 요소의 진정성이 결여된 형태로써, 이는 주민의 소극적 활동으로 연결되고 있다. 둘째, 방문자의 경우에는 프랑스 마을이라는 상징적 의미가 우세하게 작용하고 그에 따른 활동 및 의미에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 외부환경의 프랑스적 요소의 진정성 여부는 이러한 외부성을 형성하는데 영향을 미치지 않았다. 셋째, 방문자의 활동 및 장소에 대한 의미부여는 한국인으로 형성된 상권의 활성화에 의해 형성되었으며, 이러한 장소의 상업화 및 활동의 확대는 서래마을의 내부성보다 우세하게 작용하여, 내부성과 외부성의 역전현상을 나타내고 있다. 넷째, 서래마을은 내부의 경험이 아닌, 방문자의 기호를 중심으로 이루어진 장소로써, 프랑스적 상징성을 활용하여 이루어진 대중적 정체성으로 해석된다. 다섯째, 프랑스인의 거주목적으로 이루어진 내부성은 진정성이 결여된 프랑스적 기호를 매개로 한 가공된 장소성으로 재생산 되었으며, 이는 장소의 본질적 측면 보다는 과장되고 상업화된 장소로서 피상적인 가면성을 나타내고 있다.

한국.중국.일본 여성의 색조대장문화 (A Study on Make-up Culture of Korea, China and Japan)

  • 박보영;황춘섭
    • 복식
    • /
    • 제39권
    • /
    • pp.217-237
    • /
    • 1998
  • The present research is to study the make-up culture of Korea and its neighboring countries such as China and Japan during the period from the prehistoric age to the 19th cen-tury. The research was made by documents analysis. The results are summerised as follows : (1) A man has a basic instinct to beautify himself. There was not a significant difference between the make-up behavior of men and women in its primal stage. It was by the start of farming and the division of labor that made the make-up behavior as a feminine culture. The difference of sexual role caused the con-ceptual difference between manly beauty and womanly beauty. It was very natural for women to regard the make-up as the best way for showing their feminine beauty. In Korea, China and Japan, there were vari-ous kinds of primal actions such as tattooing, body-painting, and tooth make-up which were used in the purpose of body protection, incantation, ornament, and so on. Ass their ornamental purpose was becoming more important, these primal actions became the basis of the feminine make-up culture. Nowadays make-up, having mental and emo-tional function, is helpful to increasing self-satisfaction, promoting good personal relation-ship, and attracting attention from the other sex. It also has other functions of showing social status, wealth, age, sex, courage, power, and so on. (2) The representative make-up product used widely in the three countries was Boon (powder) which decides the overall color of face. The key point in the production of Boon was to increase its power of adsorption. The invention of Yunboon (power mixed with lead) solved this major problem of Boon. Yeonji which decides the color of cheek was the mixture of Boon and the powder of Honghwa (a kind of red-colored flower or tree). Mimook (eyebrow pencil) was developed to match up with the various and changing currencies of penciling eyebrows in each nation and times, Yeonji and Joosa (red sand) were used as Jinji (lip stick). The predominant color of Jinji was red. As miscellaneous methods of partial make-up, there were Kon-ji used in a wedding cer-emony in korea, Aek-hwang, Hwa-jeon, Sa-hong, and Myun-yup in China, and Chi-heuk, a peculial method of partial make-up in japan. (3) There were various factors which decided the characteristics of make-up culture usually reflects international atmosphere, the form of government, economic situation, re-ligious and social ideology, aesthetic sense, symbolizing meanings of colors, and so on. The up and down of an influentian country was one of the major factors which decided the characteristics of the make-up culture of its neighboring countries. When a country took a liberal form of government, it had diverse and splendid tendencies in its make-up culture. The better a nation's economic situation is, the more abandant and various its make-up culture is, and sometimes, the more eccentric and decadents it was. In the field of make-up production, the three countries had their own characteristics. But, as a whole, China was the leading nation who spread the culture and products of make-up to Korea and Japan. Though the Chinese make-up culture and products were usually spread to Japan through Korean, there was some evidence of direct exchanges between China and Japan through its dispatches of Kyun-Tang-Sa(Japanese delegation to the Tang Dynasty). While religion had a positive influence on the development of make-up culture by introducing new methods of make-up, Confucianism exercised strict control over the make-up cul-ture. The currencies in arts and changes of esthetic sense introduced new methods and booms to the make-up culture. Literature made people pay increasing attentions to the countenances of women and changed the standards of esthetic sense. We can find out that the social status of woman was also reflected in the make-up culture. As the social status of women became higher, the feminine make-up culture also developed more then ever. As mentioned above, the make-up cultures of the three countries reflected their social values, esthetic senses, and emotional feelings. Through their cultural exchanges, the three countries could develop various make-up products and methods.

  • PDF

애니메이션에 나타난 풍자성 연구 -<대화의 차원>과 <이웃>을 중심으로 (The Study of Satire Shown in Animation -Focusing on and )

  • 최돈일
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
    • /
    • 통권44호
    • /
    • pp.143-161
    • /
    • 2016
  • 이번연구에서는 작가주의 애니메이션의 역할을 중심으로 연구하였다. 작가주의 애니메이션은 대중적 기호나 특정한 집단의 이익과 입장에 구애받지 않고 작가의 예리한 시선으로 그 사회의 부조리를 재치 있고 통렬하게 풍자하여 사회의 긍정적인 변화를 유도하는 정화제 역할을 한다. 이러한 관점에서 애니메이션을 사회적 의미생산 도구로서 활용한 작가들 중 얀슈반크마이에르(Jan Svankmajer)의 <대화의 차원>(Dimensions of Dialogue, 1982)과 노만 맥라렌(Norman Mclaren)의 <이웃>(Neighbours, 1952)에 나타난 풍자성을 연구해 본 결과 다음과 같은 특징과 의미를 알 수 있었다. 첫째, <대화의 차원>은 이미지의 분절에 의한 연출과 옴니버스구성을 통해 인간사회의 부조리한 모순을 상징적이면서도 파격적으로 풍자 한 애니메이션이다. 풍자에 있어서도 역사, 사회, 인간에 대한 냉소적인 공격성이면에는 개량적 교훈의 메시지를 담고 있었다. 또한 소외된 세계, 혼돈스러운 형상, 부조리한 것의 유희 등 얀 슈반크마이에르만의 그로테스크한 이미지를 통해 작가의 초현실적인 절대적 현실성과 영상의 몰입도를 극대화하였다. 둘째, <이웃>은 인과관계에 의한 사건적 스토리구조로 실사촬영에 의한 픽실레이션기법을 통해 실사영화와는 차별화되는 비실사동영상의 핵심개념을 적용한 텍스트적인 애니메이션이라고 할 수 있다. 선한 인간이 물질의 욕망 앞에서 대립과 갈등을 넘어 극한의 폭력적 광기로 변질되는 과정을 슬랩스틱 한 과장된 동작과 유머로 블랙코미디 적으로 풍자하였다. 두 애니메이션에서 나타난 풍자방식은 휴머니즘과 도덕적 불감증에 대한 공격성에 있어, 무겁게 느낄 수 있는 내용을 반어적 웃음을 유발하는 작가의 독특한 이미지스타일과 상징어법을 통해 전달하고 있었다. 즉 작가는 애니메이션을 통해 공격대상 대한 파괴보다는 도덕적 관점에서 부정의 형식을 통해 건강한 사회변화를 위한 긍정의 의지를 담고 있는 것이다. 이렇듯 두 작품에서 나타난 풍자성은 애니메이션의 사회적 기능과 예술적 영향력을 극대화시키는 작가적 알레고리임을 알 수 있었다.

애국심이 제품평가에 미치는 영향: 소비자 자민족중심주의의 매개효과를 중심으로 (Effects of Patriotism on Product Evaluation: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Consumer Ethnocentrism)

  • 홍성태;강동균
    • 한국유통학회지:유통연구
    • /
    • 제15권2호
    • /
    • pp.71-99
    • /
    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 애국심이 자국 및 외국 제품 평가에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 애국심과 제품평가 간의 관계에 있어 소비자 자민족중심주의의 매개변수적 영향력을 분석하였다. 실증분석을 위해 서울 소재 대학에 재학 중인 학부생과 대학원생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 애국심은 외국제품 평가에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 자국제품 평가에는 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비자 자민족중심주의는 애국심과 자국제품 평가 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석 결과를 토대로 연구의 의의를 논하였으며, 유통관리 측면에서의 시사점을 제시하였다. 끝으로 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향을 제안하였다.

  • PDF

경북 지역의 향사와 불천위제례의 진설과 제수 비교 - 대구와 안동지역 중심으로 - (Comparison of Hyang-Sa and Bulchunwee Rituals and Food in Kyungbuk - Focused on Daegu and Andong Areas -)

  • 최정희;박금순
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
    • /
    • 제24권6호
    • /
    • pp.801-810
    • /
    • 2008
  • The principal objective of this study was to assess Korea's traditional ritual food culture, and to compare two types of ancestral rites the Hyang-Sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites which were held in the Daegu and Andong regions of Korea. In this study, we describe the performance of the Bool-cheon-wi rites held by two head families located near the Andong area namely, the head family of Seoae Ryu Seong-Ryong(1542-1607)(Seoae) who was well-respected for his writings and personality, and the head family of Dangye Ha Wee-Ji(1412-1456)(Dangye) who was well-known and famous as one of the members of the Sa-ryuk-sin. This research was conducted via diredt engagement in these memorial services and several interviews with the families. The results were summarized as follows; Foods used in the Hyang-sa rites including Mae(bap), Kook, Jaban(Jogee), Po(dried fish), Juck, boiled and seasoned vegetables, fruits, confections, and liquor. Jobap and Ssalbap were used as Mae at SD(Seo Dalsung), and PMPH(Pahoi Myogul Habin Park) used Jo, Hyunmy, Pi and Susu in the raw. The dishes on the table were arranged as follows. A wine cup was placed in the first row, Po(a dried pollack), and jujube and nuts in the second row, Ryukpo(slices of dried beef), Sangeogogi were set at the third row, and Soegogi, pork, Mu, and Minary were placed in the fourth row, and the head of the pig was placed in the center of the table at SD. A wine cup, Soegogi, and pork were positioned in the first row, Mu, Minary, Pi and Susu were placed in the second row, and Jogee, Jo, and Hyunmy were placed in the third row at PMPH. The sacrificial foods offered for Bool-cheon-wi rites were as follows; Mae(bap) Kook noodle Jogee Tang(stew) Po Juck Tucks boiled, seasoned and salted vegetables Jeon fruit confectioneries liquor(chungju). The head family of Seoae Yu Seong-Ryong utilized 5 types of Tang(meat stew, fish stew, chicken stew, vegetable stew, seafood stew), whereas the head family of Dangye Ha Wee-Ji utilized 3 kinds of Tang(meat stew, fish stew, vegetable stew). As a basic Tuck, Shi-roo-tuck(a steamed rice cake), piled up to 25 layers, was primarily utilized. In particular, Jung-Gae(Seoae's favorite food) was placed on the table. For grilled-meat food(Juck), Yu's family used raw meat and Ha's family the half-cooked meat. The main types of Jucks used were meat-Juck, fish-Juck, chicken-Juck, and these were not served one by one. Hyang-sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites have an the educational function, in that they allow for the carrying out of filial duties by a heartfelt performance of performing the ceremony, by taking great care from the pre-rite preparations to the post-rite period. In addition, these rites have various meanings, as events that strengthen the ties of blood relations of ancestors and themselves, and to promote and harmonize family friendships, they may also have religious meaning in the culture, as prayers are offered that all the family's descendants may be blessed, live long and enjoy abundance whlie respecting their ancestors. As for the role of Hyang-sa and Bool-cheon-wi rites in today's nuclear family society, it can be said that these rites remain especially important as a method to strengthen community consciousness by fostering an understanding of the meaning of existence itself, and thus inspiring the roots of consciousness.

${\ll}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ 의 심(心)의 개념(槪念)과 장상(藏象)에 대한 연구(硏究)

  • 이용범;방정균
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
    • /
    • 제13권1호
    • /
    • pp.269-303
    • /
    • 2000
  • The xin(心) has various meanings in ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ but they sometimes contradict each other. This thesis divided the xin into the meaning and the Zang-xiang(藏象), and then analyzed the xin's notion in detail. The concept of the xin in ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ is sorted out into : the notion of space, yin-yang five elements(陰陽五行) and shen(神) The xin is the upper part of body and it possesses the character of yang(陽). So the concept of the breast has originated from this character and it rightly belonged to the top. The xin is assigned to fire among five elements, 'chang(長)', which has the energy of moving forward, noon at a day when yang-qi(陽氣) is properous and shows 'gu(鉤)' & 'keo(矩)' in pulse condition. The xin possesses the character, 'Taiyang of the yang(陽中之太陽)' along with the notion of space combined with five elements. That is, the notion of upper space means 'of the yang(陽中)', and, fire in five elements means 'yang'. This is similar to '=(Taiyang)' of Sasang(四象) at ${\ll}$the Book of Changes(周易)${\gg}$ Since the xin puts shen(神) in order, actions of spirit have effect on the xin. And it depends whether the sense of vitality is broad or narrow. The xin related with broad sense of spirit is 'monarch of the organs(君主之官)'. Therefore it has control over the human body. As it also directly effects the life or death, Pericardium(心句) substitutes the xin and protects the external invasion. In Shi-er-won(十二原) and Bonsu(本輸), instead of the Xin Channel the Pericardium Channel was used in healing patients. The xin can be interpretable as the mind, because the xin includes spirit. The mind can be distinguished into 'desire' and 'state of profound reason'. In ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑)${\gg}$, the disease of the xin caused by emotion was mentioned many times. This emotion is 'desire' which resorted to the sentiment. The reason one mind has both character is; man preserves given principle (reason) and emotion reveals via the reason exercised. The above is about the xin related with the broad sense of vitality. Concerning the narrow sense of vitality, one of the five vitalities is stored with the others away in the five solid organs. Then it takes part in the operation of five body constituents and it is linked with the personified description of five solid organs. The xin, spleen, stomach and kidney are 'the ground of life'. Spleen and stomach are the origin of making qi and blood, which 'means the ground after birth'. Kidney keeps the essence of life, and manages the growing and generative function of human body. The xin keeps 'Shin-myung(神明)', in other words, it has control over and supervise whole activity of body. Therefore xin's role is needed for the appropriate working of spleen, stomach and kidney. And 'Shin-myung' is its motive power. In ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$, the reason why xin was assigned to September and October is that yang-qi of the human body goes to the inner part, with xin at the same time. This explains that yang-qi of the human body is adapted to change of season and goes into xin-fire(心火) in order to get away from the cold. In this case, heart means more inner part than liver, spleen and lung. Mengzi(孟子), philosopher of the China's turbulent ages emphasized the thinking function of xin. Sunzi(荀子) asserted that xin is 'heaven monarch(天君)' and the other organs are 'heaven rninisters(天官)'. This conception is similar to 'monarch of the organs' of ${\ll}$Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)${\gg}$. After the Ming Dynasty, commentators of Huangdineijing(黃帝內經) explained the heart, as 'monarch of the organs', or 'the master of body(一身之主)'. This was due to the influence of Sung Confucianism.

  • PDF