• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) owners and operators in Mountain Province were willing to take on financial risk to invest in the capital markets as a potential additional source of income, as well as the extent to which these five indicator variables-particularly their income, expenses, financial goals, liquid cash, and insurance coverage-were influenced by demographic factors. The study used a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive survey research method. The results show that the SME Owners and Operators in Mountain Province have minimal knowledge of capital market investments which makes them moderate investors with a neutral level of financial risk tolerance toward capital market investment. Their marital status, net income, and educational attainment significantly influence their financial risk tolerance level. The respondents also believe that engaging in the capital markets will grow their businesses. Further, the extent of influence of Income, Expenses, Liquid Cash, and Insurance Cover on the financial risk tolerance of the SME owners and operators in Mountain Province a great extent; thus, making them careful in investing in the capital markets, and it is primarily affected by their Net Income. Consequently, the financial goals of SME owners and operators in Mountain Province have a vital role in their financial risk tolerance level.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 2023

The Work-Study parallel program has been promoted as a key policy to resolve the mismatch between industrial sites and school education and realize a competency-centered society, and as of December 2022, 16,664 companies participated in the training. Learning companies play a very important role as education and training supply organizations that conduct field training. In this study, for the evaluation of learning companies participating in work-study program, the authors derive important factors that determine the quality of on-site education and training by analyzing the cognitive structure of experts in charge of the company and present evaluation indicators for learning enterprises. Therefore, it is intended to lay the foundation for promoting the quality of work-study parallel program.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.12
• /
• pp.861-881
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the flora of the Wang-ime oreum located on Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, to basic data for the Jeju Island plant distribution. A total of 366 taxa were found with 94 families, 240 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 forma. The floristic target species in Korea appeared as 2 taxa of grade V, 13 taxa of grade IV, 46 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade II, and 49 taxa of grade I. There were 14 taxa for naturalized plants. The different plant life forms that appeared were large ground plants (M)(54 taxa), small land plants (N) (52 taxa), epiphyte (E) (6 taxa), indicator plants (Ch) (4 taxa), and semi-aquatic plants (H) (168 taxa), There were 34 and 48 taxa of plants(G) and annuals (Th) respectively. From these results, Wang-ime oreum, which is adjacent to ranches and grasslands, has little artificial interference, as more plants are distributed, and fewer naturalized plants are found than in Suwolbong and Dangsanbong. Accordingly, each oreum plays an important role in the flora of Jeju-do, thus a management plan tailored to the characteristics of the volcano is necessary.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.181-205
• /
• 2024

Purpose - This study aims to examine the direct impact of corporate social responsibility initiatives on firm technological innovation and the moderating effect on the relationship between firm technological innovation and corporate value. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 13,298 firm-year data by selecting A-share companies listed on the China Shenzhen Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2010-2017. This study runs the multivariate regression using random effect generalized least squares (GLS) regression model. Findings - The research results of this study are as follows. First, corporate social responsibility initiatives do not increase the firm technological innovation, but rather reduce it. Second, firm technological innovation generally improves corporate value, whether it is book value or market value. Third, corporate social responsibility initiatives reduce the positive influence of firm technological innovation on corporate value. Research implications or Originality - There may be discussions on whether Chinese patent application data is a good indicator of the innovation of Chinese companies, but previous studies prove that the number of patent applications has a significant correlation with R&D expenditures or financial performance. However, there is a clear limitation in that it is not possible to confirm the result of registration after a patent application, but it is expected that such limitations can be overcome by using patent registration information or detailed citation documents in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.348-361
• /
• 2012

Altitude is a factor that plays an important role in the diversity, richness and composition of species. Recently, much attention has been paid to the distribution of butterflies and insects according to altitude. The purpose of this article is to propose a method to preserve and manage species efficiently by reviewing the distribution of butterflies according to different altitudes in Mt. Gyeryong National Park. This study found that the number of species and individuals decreased as the altitude increased, possibly due to the increased amount of shade caused by the crown density. When analyzing the factors influencing the distribution of species other than altitude, it was found that the slope, vegetative colonies and hydrosphere distance were correlated with the change in species distribution. As these species are closely related to food plants, it may save time and reduce the cost as well as allow an efficient evaluation of the bio-diversity if these species are selected as biological indicator species suitable for detecting the changes in the forest. It is judged to be a more efficient means of species preservation to accumulate and quantify the materials regarding environmental elements such as the climate, microclimate and food plants, as this would allow the butterfly distribution to be estimated.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2009

The Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) is an endemic species and one of the common species in Korea. The species ranges throughout the Korean peninsula and plays an important role as herbivores in natural ecosystem. Therefore, the species could be used as a good bio-indicator to monitor the quality of habitats. This study was to estimate the concentrations of five heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) from three different organs (kidney, liver and spleen) in the Korean water deer. According to the analyses of heavy metal accumulations, the concentration of Fe is higher than Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb from all the organs. Among the organs, spleen (286.50) showed higher heavy metal concentrations than kidney (39.40) and liver ($23.21\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$). In general, the concentrations of the heavy metals were about two times higher in Cheorwon, Gangwon province than in the Eastern part of Jeonnam province. In particular, Cd and Pb showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Except for Fe in spleen, all of the heavy metal concentrations were below background levels.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.260-266
• /
• 2009

Non-revenue water reduction(NRW) technologies are implemented to evaluate and manage leakages scientifically in water distribution systems under local governments. A development of quantitative leakage indicator by measuring minimum night flow, pressure control policy by installation of PRV(pressure reducing valve) and the establishment of leakage prevention schemes by residual life modeling of deteriorated water pipes are reviewed and studied. Estimation models of allowable leakage are developed by measuring and analyzing minimum night flow at residential and commercial area in Nonsan city, which is suggested from UK water industry and can improve an existing leakage indicator for the evaluation of non-revenue water. Also, pressure control method is applied and analyzed to Uti distribution area in Sacheon city in the operation aspect. As results, $466\;m^3/day$ of leakage can be reduced and it is expected that 113million won of annual cost can be saved. In the part of corrosion velocity and residual life assessment, non-linear prediction models of residual thickness are proposed by assessment of corrosion velocity based on exposure years, soil and water quality etc., since the deteriorated water pipe play a major role to increase leakage. It is expected that collection data and analyzing results can be applied effectively and positively to reduce non-revenue water by accumulating surveying data and verifying the results in the business field of water distribution systems under local governments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.673-684
• /
• 2011

Shinan-gun in Jeollanam-do has 1,004 islands which is the biggest number in the whole country. As most of the islands in Korea are secluded from the mainland or other islands, biological surveys are very important for the biogeographical perspective. Especially, the species diversity of insecta on an island plays an important role in the food stability of top predators, including birds. This study provides baseline academic resources for the preservation and management of uninhabited islands by providing information about the status of insects on the uninhabited islands in Docho-myeon, Jeollanam-do, Korea. As far as the appearance aspects of the insects in 28 uninhabited islands were 921 individuals, 122 species, 60 families or 12 orders. Ga Island showed the highest appearance as 32 species, 22 families or 9 orders. Appearance of specific insects was investigated unknown species: 1 species, southern characteristic species: 3 species, coastal dune species: 1 species, climate-sensitive indicator species: 1 species.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2018

In this study, Material life cycle evaluation was performed to analyze the environmental impact characteristics of TiN-Zr membrane manufacturing process. The software of MLCA was Gabi. Through this, environmental impact assessment was performed for each process. Transition metal nitrides have been researched extensively because of their properties. Among these, TiN has the most attention. TiN is a ceramic materials which possess the good combination of physical and chemical properties, such as high melting point, high hardness, and relatively low specific gravity, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. With these properties, TiN plays an important role in functional materials for application in separation hydrogen from fossil fuel. Precursor TiN was synthesized by sol-gel method and zirconium was coated by ball mill method. The metallurgical, physical and thermodynamic characteristics of the membranes were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) and Gas Chromatograph System (GP). As a result of characterization and normalization, environmental impacts were 94% in MAETP (Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity), 2% FAETP (Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity), 2% HTP (Human Toxicity Potential). TiN fabrication process appears to have a direct or indirect impact on the human body. It is believed that the greatest impact that HTP can have on human is the carcinogenic properties. This shows that electricity use has a great influence on ecosystem impact. TiN-Zr was analyzed in Eco-Indicator '99 (EI99) and CML 2001 methodology.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.465-471
• /
• 2001

Background: Hypothermia protects the brain by suppressing the cerebral metabolism and it is performed well enough before the total circulatory arrest(TCA) in the operation of aortic disease. Generally, TCA has been performed depending on the rectal or nasopharyngeal temperatures; however, there is no definite range of optimal temperature for TCA or an objective indicator determining the temperature for safe TCA. In this study, we tried to determine the optimal range of temperature for safe hypothermic circulatory arrest by using the intraoperative electroencephalogram(EEG), and studied the role of EEG as an indicator of optimal hypothermia. Material and Method: Between March, 1999 and August 31, 2000, 27 patients underwent graft replacement of the part of thoracic aorta using hypothermia and TCA with intraoperative EEG. The rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were monitored continuously from the time of anesthetic induction and the EEG was recorded with a ten-channel portable electroencephalography from the time of anesthetic induction to electrocerebral silence(ECS). Result: On ECS, the rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were not consistent but variable(rectal 11$^{\circ}C$ -$25^{\circ}C$, nasopharynx 7.7$^{\circ}C$ -23$^{\circ}C$). The correlation between two temperatures was not significant(p=0.171). The cooling time from the start of cardiopulmonary bypass to ECS was also variable(25-127min), but correlated with the body surface area(p=0.027). Conclusion: We have found that ECS appeared at various body temperatures, and thus, the use of rectal or nasopharyngeal temperature were not useful in identifying ECS. Conclusively, we can not fully assure cerebral protection during hypothermic circulatory arrest in regards to the body temperatures, and therefore, the intraoperative EEG is one of the necessary methods for determining the range of optimal hypothermia for safe circulatory arrest. :