• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

본 논문은 암반지층에 설치되는 굴착벽체에 발생하는 토압에 대한 단계별 굴착깊이의 영향을 조사한 것이다. 암반지층에서 발생하는 문제들을 다루기 위해 개별요소법에 근거한 수치해석적 매개변수해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석은 매개변수로서 단계별 굴착깊이, 암반종류 및 절리조건(절리면의 전단강도 및 절리경사각)을 고려하였다. 암반지층에서 발생된 토압과 토사지반에서의 경험토압인 Peck토압이 서로 비교되었다. 비교결과 암반지층에서 발생된 토압은 암반의 종류 및 절리조건에 따라서 크게 영향을 받았으며, 단계별 굴착깊이의 영향은 암반상태가 나빠질수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어, 암반지층에 설치된 굴착벽체에 발생하는 토압은 토사지반에 대한 Peck의 경험토압과는 크게 다를 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

The magnitude and distribution of earth pressure on the excavation wall in jointed rock mass were examined by considering different wall permeability conditions as well as rock types and joint inclination angles. The study was numerically extended based on a physical model test (Son & Park, 2014), considering rock-structure interactions with the discrete element method, which can consider various characteristics of rock joints. This study focused on the effect of the permeability condition of excavation wall on the earth pressure in jointed rock masses under a groundwater condition, which is important but has not been studied previously. The study results showed that the earth pressure was highly influenced by wall permeability as well as rock type and joint condition. Earth pressure resulted from the study was also compared with Peck's earth pressure in soil ground, and the comparison clearly showed that the earth pressure in jointed rock mass can be greatly different from that in soil ground.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 1997

A discrete joint finite element with joint surface degradation was developed to investigate the shear behavior of rough rock joint. Isoparametric formulation was used for facilitating the implementation of the element in existing Finite Element Codes. The elasto-plastic joint deformation model with the discontinuity constitutive law proposed by Plesha was applied to the element. The reliability of the developed finite element code was successfully testified through numerical direct shear tests conducted under both constant normal stress and constant normal displacement conditions. The result of the numerical direct shear test showed that the code can capture characteristic deformation features envisaged in the direct shear test of rough rock joint.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2022

Determination of the mechanical behaviour of jointed rock masses has been a challenge for rock engineers for decades. This problem is more pronounced for non-persistent jointed rock masses due to complicated interaction of rock bridges on the overall behaviour. This paper aims to study the effect of a non-persistent joint set configuration on the mechanical behaviour of rock materials under both uniaxial and biaxial compression tests using a discrete element code. The numerical simulation of biaxial compressive strength of rock masses has been challenging in the past due to shortcomings of bonded particle models in reproducing the failure envelope of rock materials. This problem was resolved in this study by employing the flat-joint contact model. The validity of the numerical model was investigated through a comprehensive comparative study against physical uniaxial and biaxial compression experiments. Good agreement was found between numerical and experimental tests in terms of the recorded peak strength and the failure mode in both loading conditions. Studies on the effect of joint orientation on the failure mode showed that four zones of intact, transition to block rotation, block rotation and transition to intact failure occurs when the joint dip angle varies from 0° to 90°. It was found that the applied confining stress can significantly alter the range of these zones. It was observed that the minimum strength occurs at the joint dip angle of around 45 degrees under different confining stresses. It was also found that the joint orientation can alter the post peak behaviour and the lowest brittleness was observed at the block rotation zone.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.977-995
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• 2017

It is well accepted that rock failure mechanism influence the cutting efficiency and determination of optimum cutting parameters. In this paper, an attempt was made to research the factors that affect the failure mechanism based on discrete element method (DEM). The influences of cutting depth, hydrostatic pressure, cutting velocity, back rake angle and joint set on failure mechanism in rock-cutting are researched by PFC2D. The results show that: the ductile failure occurs at shallow cutting depths, the brittle failure occurs as the depth of cut increases beyond a threshold value. The mean cutting forces have a linear related to the cutting depth if the cutting action is dominated by the ductile mode, however, the mean cutting forces are deviate from the linear relationship while the cutting action is dominated by the brittle mode. The failure mechanism changes from brittle mode with larger chips under atmospheric conditions, to ductile mode with crushed chips under hydrostatic conditions. As the cutting velocity increases, a grow number of micro-cracks are initiated around the cutter and the volume of the chipped fragmentation is decreasing correspondingly. The crack initiates and propagates parallel to the free surface with a smaller rake angle, but with the rake angle increases, the direction of crack initiation and propagation is changed to towards the intact rock. The existence of joint set have significant influence on crack initiation and propagation, it makes the crack prone to propagate along the joint.

• 지질공학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.573-586
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• 2023

절리성 암반은 절리 또는 연약면에 의해 역학적인 이방성이 발현될 수 있으며 절리성 암반의 강도 및 변형 특성에 대한 이해는 지질공학 현장에서 주된 관심사이다. 본 연구는 마찰재료로 채택된 석고를 이용하여 단일절리를 포함하는 시료를 성형하고 진삼축시험을 통하여 진삼축 조건의 강도 및 변형 특성을 고찰하였다. 동일한 조건에서 수행한 개별요소법 기반의 삼차원 수치해석은 진삼축시험을 통하여 검증되었으며 타당성이 확보되었다. 수치해석 결과는 절리의 방향성과 더불어 현장의 주응력 조건이 절리성 암반의 강도 및 변형 특성 연구에 있어서 필수적인 요소임을 지시한다. 수치해석을 통하여 절리의 경사각 변화에 따라 산정한 횡등방성 암반의 강도는 중간주응력이 강화함에 따라 유의미한 증가를 나타내며, 증가의 폭은 절리의 경사 조건에 큰 영향을 받는다. 또한, 절리의 경사방향과 두 수평 주응력 방향 간의 상대적인 관계는 횡등방성 암반의 강도특성을 좌우하는 요인이다. 두 개의 절리군을 포함하는 암반의 강도는 경사가 더욱 급한 절리군이 전체 암반의 강도를 좌우한다. 두 절리군 중 한 절리군의 연속성이 짧아 암교 효과를 발휘하면 연속성이 상대적으로 긴 절리군의 방향성이 전체 암반의 강도를 좌우할 수 있다. 절리성 암반에 대한 기존의 삼차원 파괴기준식은 적용성 측면에서 한계도 있지만, 수치해석이 이를 보완하는 데 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2005

전단하중을 받는 암반의 전단특성은 절리면의 구조적인 특징뿐만 아니라 암반 주변의 경계조건에 의해서도 영향을 받는다. 암반블록의 경계조건은 절리면이 받고 있는 응력상태를 기준으로 4가지로 구분할 수 있다. 일반적으로 주로 사용되는 CNL 조건의 전단시험에서 얻어지는 전단강도는 다른 경계조건에서 얻어지는 것보다 낮은 전단강도를 나타내며 그 거동도 다른 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 일정수직하중(CNL) 시험결과를 정규화한 그래픽 방법을 이용하여 일정수직강성(CNS) 조건의 전단거동을 모사할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.407-423
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• 2020

The pre-peak cyclic shear mechanism of two-order asperity degradation of rock joints in the direct shear tests with static constant normal loads (CNL) are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. The laboratory testing rock specimens contains the idealized and regular two-order triangular-shaped asperities, which represent the specific geometrical conditions of natural and irregular waviness and unevenness of rock joint surfaces, in the pre-peak cyclic shear tests. Three different shear failure patterns of two-order triangular-shaped rock joints can be found in the experiments at constant horizontal shear velocity and various static constant normal loads in the direct and pre-peak cyclic shear tests. The discrete element method is adopted to simulate the pre-peak shear failure behaviors of rock joints with two-order triangular-shaped asperities. The rock joint interfaces are simulated using a modified smooth joint model, where microscopic scale slip surfaces are applied at contacts between discrete particles in the upper and lower rock blocks. Comparing the discrete numerical results with the experimental results, the microscopic bond particle model parameters are calibrated. Effects of cyclic shear loading amplitude, static constant normal loads and initial waviness asperity angles on the pre-peak cyclic shear failure behaviors of triangular-shaped rock joints are also numerically investigated.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 이방성 암반의 방향성 및 측압조건이 터널 변형거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 서로 다른 15가지 이방성 터널 모형에 대해 축소모형실험을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 모래 석고 물의 중량비를 달리한 모형재료에 대한 물성 실험을 통하여 모형재료의 특성을 연구하였다. 대부분의 이방성 터널 모형은 응력이 집중되는 곳에서 전단파괴 현상을 보였으며 절리면을 따라 미끄러짐이 발생하여 절리면의 경사 방향이 터널 변형거동에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 절리 경사가 $30^{\circ}$보다 작은 모형에서는 반팽창현상이 두드러지게 나타났으며 절리경사가 $50^{\circ}$인 모형은 측압조건에 관계없이 수직 및 수평 내공변위가 가장 작게 나타나 실험된 모형중에서 가장 안정적인 모형으로 판단된다. 또한 모형터널의 파괴 및 변형양상은 측압계수 조건에 따라 매우 상이하게 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.471-477
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• 1999

A new stress, load and displacement controlled direct shear apparatus has recently been developed at the Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology This direct shear apparatus is capable of testing of rock joint under constant normal stiffness, constant normal stress or constant normal load boundary conditions. This paper describes this direct shear apparatus and illustrates results of shear tests at constant normal stress condition, constant normal load condition and constant normal stiffness condition with dental stones which have a same joint roughness and unconfined compressive strength.