• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the ecological restoration on the limestone mines in Korea, through the research of the revegetation measures of the disturbed slopes in Japanese limestone mines and the analysis of the case of Ibuki and Bukou limestone mines to realize the restoration works successfully. According to the number of mines to carry out the revegetation works increase every year, the revegetation area and amount of planting also go on increasing in Japan. In the small mines the environmental problem is not recognized seriously, but some mines have muchly invested in the revegetation of the damaged land by mines. Ibuki mine in Shiga-gen is practicing the four principles for the restoring of the revegetation in the disturbed slopes by mines. Firstly, the mean slope preserves $37^{\circ}$ in the last rock cut slopes. Secondly, the last rock cut slopes to rehabilitate are covered with the soil dressing 30cm high. Thirdly, the grasses in the mining area are digged up beforehand, and then they are reused to the revegetation works of rock cut slopes. Lastly, from the upper rock cut slopes the revegetation works begin, the process of the above are repeated, as the result, the restoring works will be completed. Upon the ground of these principles, the complex of the original vegetation and the native species seeding, that is, the revegetation technique of Ibuki have established. In the difficult area to revegetate, sodding works, heaping up vegetation-sack, seed-spraying, heaping up soil-sacks and planting works are adapted variously. Bukou mine in Saitama-gen try to maintain the revegetation, the screening and the stability of the enormous mining rock cut slope, and for these works, the activity of 'Chichibu Working Group of Rock Wall for Limestone Mines' contributes largely. The chief technique of the revegetation in Bukou mine is following; after the making the berm on the rock cut slopes, the soil dressing is filled in it, and the trees is planted for the screening of the rock cut slopes. They devide the rock cut slopes into four typical types, and choose the different ways to make the berm and fill the soil dressing in characteristic. Most of the planting trees are consist ofthe native species of Mt. Bukou through the stages of the nursery and transplantation. Not only the revegetation of the demaged land but also the breeding of the conservational plants also are their important business.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.652-661
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• 2006

The cut slopes in Jinju area constitute the Cretaceous Sedimentary rock which is one of the most poor ground conditions. The geological rocks of the cut slopes are correlated with Jinju Formation. Most of the rocks consist of Black Shale layer, but the lower parts consist of Alkorsic White Sandstone. So, It is characteristic of the differential weathering due to the difference of rock species. Moreover, vertical joints which concentrate on the released rock and weak rock fragments are accompanied with minor faults. We make out face mapping about each slopes through the detailed field-study and deduce RMR and SMR from the field data. The strength properties of rocks were obtained from references, indoor tests, and Back Analysis method. And, choosing properties were used in the stability analysis as stereographic projection and limit equilibrium analysis and we establish the countermeasures for the cut slopes.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2008

Many cut slopes are situated on national highways. In this study, we chose rock slopes of moderated weathering grade to analyze general strength parameters of cut slopes. We analyzed the strength parameters of selected rock slopes by the experience method. Also, we arranged the strength parameters by area and rock types.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.64-73
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• 1999

This study was conducted to find out the effects of hydroseeding material and seed mixture on the revegetation of rock cut-slopes by PEC4 (Polymer-Ecology-Control) Hydroseeding Measures. PEC4 hydroseeding material was applied to four cut-slopes using hydroseeding measures from April to August, 1999, and the field survey was carried out by monthly. PEC4 material consisted of bark compost and organic soil amendments. This material has high content of organic matter and high level of water holding capacity. PEC4 hydroseeding material shows low level of soil hardness, so it gives to good condition for seed germinating and plant growing in early stage. PEC4 material attached at rock cut-slopes by two types of adhesive agent was not eroded by rainfall. The plant coverage and number of plant species were affected by mixing ratio of seeds and seeding timing. From the viewpoint of plant establishment, the optimal hydroseeding timing of mixed seeds for plant growth seems to be in May. Most of the plant seeds were germinated well and they covered rock cut-slopes so quickly and effectively. Plant importance value of Silene armeria and Platycodon grandiflorum. were higher than any other seeded-native species in the competition between native species and exotic species, so they have enough possibility to be used for slope revegetation works. Thus it leads to conclusion that the revegetation method used in this experiment was a very effective method for plant establishment on rock cut-slopes.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop environmental restoration methods for the ecological restoration of the rock exposed steep cut-slopes using native woody plants seeds by the hydro-seeding with artificial soil media. The main results are summarized as follows; 1. Quercus spp. seeded after seed treatment germinated over 80% and most of them grew well until one year. So, Quercus spp. can grow at the extremely dry rock exposed slopes revegetated by hydro-seeding with soil-fertilizer-seed mixed media. 2. The germinated seedlings grew well at the slopes oriented southeast. But in case of the survival ratio of the germinated seedlings, northwestward slopes was the best. 3. In case of the using pot seedlings of the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, it shows more beautiful scenery than the area using cool-season grasses. 4. As the results of the experiment, Albizzia julibrissin, Quercus spp. and Lespedeza crytobotrya can be useful at the restoration and revegatation of the cut-slopes. 5. At the results of the seed mixture experiment, cool-season grasses covered the ground quickly, but slowly germinated Quercus spp. and Lespedeza crytobotrya formed under story vegetation. Also, Albizzia julibrissin formed upper story vegetation will be replaced by Quercus spp. slowly.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.527-534
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• 2000

136 cut slopes which extends from Namyangju to Chunchon city along the 46th national highway were investigated to analyze the influence factors affecting slope instability. Geologic and geotechnical conditions were examined and the detailed investigation were carried out for fifty five failed slopes. failure mode (wedge failure, planar failure, circular failure, sheet eroison and rock falls) are examined with respect to slope inclination, rock type, weathering grade and discontinuity patterns. It is suggested that the failure modes and their dimensions have relations to the morphology and geologic conditions of the slopes. Wedge failure has highest is the most frequent failure mode and falls, sheet erosions, planar failures and circular in descending order of failure percentage. Wedge failure is most dominant failure type over all lithology except quartzite formation. In slopes of well foliated and banded gneiss, failure ratio of wedge is up to 50% ca. Failure ratio(number of rock fall/number of total failure) of rock fall increases with increase fo slope inclinations and decrease of weathering grade. Dimension analyses of failed slopes shows wedge and circular failure has higher value of D/L and D/H than planar failure and sheet erosion.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.833-841
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• 2008

Recently, the upheaval generation in the road which is under service had been reported. Due to the upheaval generation, total 4 lanes were forced to curtail to 3 lanes, and traffic was delayed. In normal situation of cut-slopes in korea, that condition is hard to detect since most cut-slopes contain discontinuous material, that is rock. Common collapses in rock-slopes is wedge failure, plane failure and toppling failure which is all individual mechanism of discontinuous rock mass. In contrast, such upheaval in the road in front of cut-slope can be generated only when circular movement is triggered within the cut-slope. In this sense, rock-slopes barely show any kind of movement in the road locates at the front of them. Numerical analysis is general method in simulation of slope displacement and evaluation of safety. However, numerical analysis programs which are related with rock-slopes are not able to simulate such upheaval movement because that programs are based on discontinuous modeling mechanism. In addition, although numerical analysis programs which are based on FEM/FDM and thus utilize continuous modeling mechanism are able to simulate circular movement and upheaval situation, they have weakness in reflecting discontinuities of rock-slope itself. In this study, detailed in-site investigation and numerical analysis based on in-site condition were performed in order to expect upheaval movement in the road. In this procedure, the FLAC program which uses continuous modeling method was utilized, and new approach reflecting discontinuity developed toward the road with a ubiquitous joint model was tried to derive reliable analysis result.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2016

Many cut slopes are located along national roads, there were the collapse of cut slopes. In this study, the weights for condition evaluation of rock slopes was calculated using the entropy method and analytic hierachy process(AHP) method. The entropy analysis was performed using 95 cut slope data, and the AHP analysis was performed by a questionnaire to several expert. The weights based on analysis results were compared with evaluation weights of existing standard. As a result of this study, there was the difference of weights among the analytical methods. Later on, if this study's results is used to improvement current evaluation weights, it will be possible to perform the reliable condition evaluation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.862-869
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• 2005

This study examined 233 cut slopes in Gyeongnam region; evaluated hazards and slope conditions involved in the slope; and determined the priority order for reinforcement. The conclusions are summarized in the following. (1) The slopes that need reinforcement or maintenance are 153, accounting for 65.6% of the entire slopes. Slopes with a length of $0{\sim}200m$ account for 70.9%; slopes with a height of $10{\sim}20m$ account for over 50%. (2) Slopes with slope of more than 1:0.5 account for 70.9% of the entire slopes. The steepness of the slope is owing to more rock slopes than soil slopes. (3) The percentages of rock slopes, soil slopes, complex slopes mixed with rocks and soil, and slopes comprised of igneous rocks are 54.4%, 24.9%, 20.7%, and 54.1%, respectively. (4) In the rock area occurred cave-in, plain failure, wedge failure, and overturning failure, in order. Slopes with volcanic rocks are the most unstable, while sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are relatively stable. (5) When the slope height is over 20m, low grade slopes are more than 80%; leading to the conclusion that the higher the slope height is, the more unstable the slope is.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 대도시사면 통합관리시스템 구축을 위하여 부산 백양산 지역의 절개사면에 대한 현황을 조사하였다. 절개사면에 대한 특징들을 기록할 수 있는 조사용 사면시트를 작성하였으며, 조사시트에는 사면정보를 체계적으로 기재할 수 있도록 하였다. 부산 백양산 일대의 절개사면은 총 103개소로서 대부분이 옹벽과 사면으로 이루어진 사면(CR)이며, 절개사면에 인접하고 있는 시설물로는 학교가 가장 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 부산 백양산 일대 절개사면의 평균 연장길이는 약 122m, 평균높이는 약 18m이고, 혼합사면이 가장 많이 분포하고 있다. 사면의 안정성 확보를 위하여 대부분 사면하단부에 옹벽이 설치되어 있으며, 옹벽 및 절개사면의 추가적인 안정성을 확보하기 위하여 앵커공, 배수공, 낙석방지공, 식생공 등이 보강되어 있음을 알 수 있다.