• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

A dental treatment room is always exposed to diverse kinds of pathogenic bacteria, and may be a mediating place of cross-infection given being contaminated the interior of a room through several routes in the form of patient's secretion and aerosol. The main agent of preventing cross-infection is a dental hygienist in the dental treatment and the dental treatment room where are scattered about a risk of cross-infection. A dental hygienist needs to have right recognition on infection control before being active as a clinical expert. This infection-control recognition level is influenced from the clinical practice. Accordingly, to survey recognition of infection control, a self-administered questionnaire research was conducted targeting 314 students who are fixed the clinical practice as regular subject in the junior course out of curriculum for the Department of Dental Hygiene at some of 4-year universities. Data collection was performed from December 9, 2011 to February 22, 2012. Except 11 copies of questionnaire with insincere response among the collected materials, 303 copies were finally analyzed by using SPSS WIN 20.0. The following conclusions were obtained. In the infection disease section, both on and off campus showed 4.89 points from 'the importance of recognizing the infections prevention', 4.65 points from 'recognizing the compulsory preventative injection for hepatitis type B', 4.77 points from 'recognizing the necessity of the preventative injection for hepatitis type B', 4.71 points from 'whether practice the prevention in reality or not', and 4.76 points from 'the educational helps to the prevention'. In other words, the section recorded the highest and meaningful points. It is considered to be needed the development in systematic and diverse infection-control educational programs and the differentiated education depending on school year for dental hygiene students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.449-454
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is(was) to investigate the shielding ratio of 1 mmPb and the off axis ratio outside the field edge at depth of 1 cm from a phantom surface for 6 MV photon beam. A dose of 180 cGy was delivered to a depth of 10 cm for a $10{\times}10cm^2$ and $15{\times}15cm^2$ field in the SAD technique. The off axis ratio was calculated by measuring the dose of optically stimulated luminescent nanoDot dosimeters(OSLnDs) positioned at 2, 4 and 6 cm from the field edge, and the center axis of field. And the shielding ratio of 1 mmPb was calculated by measuring the dose of OSLnDs positioned at 2, 4 and 6 cm from the field edge.. As a result, for a $10{\times}10cm^2$ and $15{\times}15cm^2$ field, the off axis ratios were acquired 0.008-0.023 and 0.011-0.028, respectively. Also the shielding ratios of 1 mmPb were acquired 0.868-0.888 and 0.807-0.842, respectively. These results provide data to protect organs at risk outside the radiation treatment field.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reaction time and divided attention related to driving in elderly subjects using the driving ability assessment tool. By analyzing differences in average score according to age group, we also aim to, provide data for identifying the risk of driving in elderly people. Methods : A total of 70 elderly subjects, who participated in a driving evaluation program for people over 65 years of aged and who live in W city, Gangwon-do from August to December 2019, were included in the study. After the driving questionnaire was completed, the mobile driving assessment tool was explained, and then the patients carried out the reaction time and the divided attention task. Collected data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS 25.0, and the significance level was set to 0.1. Results : The reaction time of the younger-old was 0.717 s, while that of the older-old was 0.843 s, this difference was statistically significant (p=.084). The response time for the task of divided attention was 0.669 s in the younger-old and 0.695 s for the older-old. In this case, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=.901). Conclusion : Using the mobile driving ability assessment tool, it was possible to evaluate the reaction rate and divided attention of elderly while driving.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3997-4002
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• 2015

Background: Systemic inflammatory response was shown to play an important role in development and progression of many cancer types and different inflammation-based indices were used for determining prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic effects of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: NSCLC patients diagnosed in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were recorded. NLR and PNI was calculated before the application of any treatment. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to NLR (<3.24 or ${\geq}3.24$) and PNI (<49.5 or ${\geq}49.5$). While median overall survival was 37.0 (95% CI 17.5-56.5) months in the group with low NLR, it was calculated as 10.0 (95%CI 5.0-15.0) months in the group with high NLR (p<0.0001). While median overall survival was 7.0 (95%CI 3.5-10.5) months in the group with low PNI, it was calculated as 33.0 (95% CI 15.5-50.4) months in the group with high PNI (p<0.0001). Stage, NLR and PNI levels were evaluated as independent risk factors for overall survival for all patients in multivariate analysis (p<0.0001, p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: NLR (${\geq}3.24$) and PNI (<49.5) at diagnosis is an independent marker of poor outcome in patients with NSCLC. NLR and PNI is an easily measured, reproducible prognostic tests that could be considered in NSCLC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1089-1092
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring and leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Hereditary cases account 5-10% of all the cases and CHEK2 is considered as a moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene. CHEK2 plays a crucial role in response to DNA damage to promote cell cycle arrest and repair DNA damage or induce apoptosis. Our objective in the current study was to analyze mutations in the CHEK2 gene related to breast cancer in Balochistan. A total of 271 individuals including breast cancer patients and normal subjects were enrolled. All 14 exons of CHEK2 were amplified and sequenced. The majority of the patients (>95%) had invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), 52.1% were diagnosed with tumor grade III and 56.1% and 27.5% were diagnosed with advance stages III and IV. Two novel nonsense variants i.e. c.58C>T (P.Q20X) and c.256G>T (p.E85X) at exon 1 and 2 in two breast cancer patients were identified in the current study. Both the variants identified were novel and have not been reported elsewhere.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1603-1609
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• 2014

Background: The response to treatment and overall survival (OS) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is variable, with a median ranging from 6 months to 11.5 years. TP53 is associated with old age, chemotherapy resistance, and worse OS. Using genetic sequencing, we set out to look at our own experience with AML, and hypothesized that both TP53 mutations and SNPs at codon 72 would mimic the literature by occurring in a minority of patients, and conferring a worse OS. Materials and Methods: We performed a pilot study of randomly selected, newly diagnosed AML patients at Mount Sinai Medical Center, diagnosed from 2005-2008 (n=10). TP53 PCR sequencing was performed using DNA from bone marrow smears. Analysis was accomplished using Mutation Surveyor software with confirmation of the variants using the COSMIC and dbSNP databases. Results: Fewer than half of the patients harbored TP53 mutations (40%). There was no significant difference in OS based on gender, AML history, risk-stratified karyotype, or TP53 mutation. There were possible trends toward improved survival among patients less than 60 (11 vs 4 months, p=0.09), Hispanics (8 vs 1 months, p=0.11), and those not harboring SNP P72R (8 vs 2 months, p=0.10). There was a significant improvement in survival among patients with better performance status (28 vs 4 months, p=0.01) and those who did not have a complex karyotype (8 vs 1 months, p=0.03). The most commonly observed TP53 mutation was a missense N310K (40%) and the most commonly observed SNP was P72R (100.0%). Conclusions: Our study confirms previous reports that poor PS and the presence of a complex karyotype are associated with a decreased OS. In our cohort, TP53 mutations were relatively common, occurring more frequently in male patients with an adverse karyotype. Although there was no significant difference in survival between TP53 mutated and un-mutated patients, there was a possible trend toward worse OS among patients with SNP P72R. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.227-237
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to implement a multiple bio-signal central monitoring system based on textile fabrics flexible platform which can obtain and monitor bio signals(heart rate, body temperature, electrocardiography, electromyogram) of workers in special working environments and additional situational information (3-axis acceleration, temperature, humidity, illumination, surrounding image). This system can prevent various accidents that may occur in the remote work environment and provide fast and efficient response by detecting workers' situations in real-time. For it, the textile fabrics flexible platform was made as innerwear or outerwear so that it does not interfere with workers' performance while collecting bio-signal and situational information, and obtained information is sent to the central monitoring system through wireless communication. The central monitoring system is based on wireless medical telemetry service of WMTS (Wireless Medical Telemetry Service); can monitor from 2 to 32 people simultaneously; and was designed so that it can be expanded. Also, in this study, to verify performance of the WMTS communication model, packet transmission rates were compared according to the distance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.213-232
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• 2009

This document was prepared to review and summarize the analytical methods for airborne and bulk asbestos. Basic principles, shortcomings and advantages for asbestos analytical instruments using phase contrast microscopy(PCM), polarized light microscopy(PLM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were reviewed. Both PCM and PLM are principal instrument for airborne and bulk asbestos analysis, respectively. If needed, analytical electron microscopy is employed to confirm asbestos identification. PCM is used originally for workplace airborne asbestos fiber and its application has been expanded to measure airborne fiber. Shortcoming of PCM is that it cannot differentiate true asbestos from non asbestos fiber form and its low resolution limit ($0.2{\sim}0.25{\mu}m$). The measurement of airborne asbestos fiber can be performed by EPA's Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) method, World Health Organization (WHO) method, International Standard Organization (ISO) 10312 method, Japan's Environmental Asbestos Monitoring method, and Standard method of Indoor Air Quality of Korea. The measurement of airborne asbestos fiber in workplace can be performed by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7400 method, NIOSH 7402 method, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ID-160 method, UK's Health and Safety Executive(HSE) Methods for the determination of hazardous substances (MDHS) 39/4 method and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) CODE-A-1-2004 method of Korea. To analyze the bulk asbestos, stereo microscope (SM) and PLM is required by EPA -600/R-93/116 method. Most bulk asbestos can be identified by SM and PLM but one limitation of PLM is that it can not see very thin fiber (i.e., < $0.25{\mu}m$). Bulk asbestos analytical methods, including EPA-600/M4-82-020, EPA-600/R-93/116, OSHA ID-191, Laboratory approval program of New York were reviewed. Also, analytical methods for asbestos in soil, dust, water were briefly discussed. Analytical electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope equipped with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray analyser(EDXA), has been known to be better to identify asbestiform than scanning electron microscope(SEM). Though there is no standard SEM procedures, SEM is known to be more suitable to analyze long, thin fiber and more cost-effective. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) imaging protocol was developed to identify asbestos fiber. Although many asbestos analytical methods are available, there is no method that can be applied to all type of samples. In order to detect asbestos with confidence, all advantages and disadvantages of each instrument and method for given sample should be considered.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3335-3341
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• 2014

Background: Severe toxicity is commonly observed in cancer patients receiving irinotecan (CPT-11) UDPglucuronosyltransferase1A1 (UGT1A1) catalyzes the glucuronidation of the active metabolite SN-38 but the relationship between UGT1A1 and severe toxicity remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess this point to guide clinical use of CPT-11. Materials and Methods: 89 cancer patients with advanced disease received CPT-11-based chemotherapy for at least two cycles. Toxicity, including GI and hematologic toxicity was recorded in detail and UGT1A1 variants were genotyped. Regression analysis was used to analyse relationships between these variables and tumor response. Results: The prevalence of grade III-IV diarrhea was 10.1%, this being more common in patients with the TA 6/7 genotype (5 of 22 patients, 22.7%) (p<0.05). The prevalence of grade III-IV neutropenia was 13.4%and also highest in patients with the TA 6/7 genotype (4 of 22 patients; 18.2%) but without significance (p>0.05). The retreatment total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in TA6/7 patients (mean, $12.75{\mu}mol/L$) with compared to TA6/6 (mean, $9.92{\mu}mol/L$) with p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study support the conclusion that patients with a $UGT1A1^*28$ allele (s) will suffer an increased risk of severe irinotecan-induced diarrhea, whether with mid-or low-dosage. However, the $UGT1A1^*28$ allele (s) did not increase severe neutropenia. Higher serum total bilirubin is an indication that patients UGT1A1 genotype is not wild-type, with significance for clinic usage of CPT-11.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2016

Quantile regression is an efficient method for predicting and estimating the relationship between explanatory variables and percentile points of the response distribution, particularly for extreme percentiles of the distribution. To study the relationship between urbanization and cancer morbidity, we here applied quantile regression. This cross-sectional study was conducted for 9 cancers in 345 cities in 2007 in Iran. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the relationship between urbanization and cancer morbidity was investigated using quantile regression and least square regression. Fitting models were compared using AIC criteria. R (3.0.1) software and the Quantreg package were used for statistical analysis. With the quantile regression model all percentiles for breast, colorectal, prostate, lung and pancreas cancers demonstrated increasing incidence rate with urbanization. The maximum increase for breast cancer was in the 90th percentile (${\beta}$=0.13, p-value<0.001), for colorectal cancer was in the 75th percentile (${\beta}$=0.048, p-value<0.001), for prostate cancer the 95th percentile (${\beta}$=0.55, p-value<0.001), for lung cancer was in 95th percentile (${\beta}$=0.52, p-value=0.006), for pancreas cancer was in 10th percentile (${\beta}$=0.011, p-value<0.001). For gastric, esophageal and skin cancers, with increasing urbanization, the incidence rate was decreased. The maximum decrease for gastric cancer was in the 90th percentile(${\beta}$=0.003, p-value<0.001), for esophageal cancer the 95th (${\beta}$=0.04, p-value=0.4) and for skin cancer also the 95th (${\beta}$=0.145, p-value=0.071). The AIC showed that for upper percentiles, the fitting of quantile regression was better than least square regression. According to the results of this study, the significant impact of urbanization on cancer morbidity requirs more effort and planning by policymakers and administrators in order to reduce risk factors such as pollution in urban areas and ensure proper nutrition recommendations are made.