• International Journal of Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

The speed difference in mountainous area is known causing traffic conflicts and accidents. Thus, climbing lanes have popularly been installed in mountainous roads around the world. In the present paper, vehicle speeds within and around climbing lanes of Ho-nam and Jung-ang expressway were collected and evaluated. The evaluation was performed in terms of coefficient of variations which represent dispersion of vehicle speed in climbing lanes. Results show that speed dispersion is more significant at segments before and after climbing lanes than those within climbing lanes. The estimated accident risk was evaluated using The Solomon's u-shaped curve. It was identified that the accident risk is also a lot significant at the same segments as much as 2.2 times greater than those of climbing lanes.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.31-49
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• 2011

The subjects consisted of 60 healthy men who absence of cardiopulmonary diseases, orthopedic diseases, and metabolic diseases. The difference of physical fitness, body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and psychological characteristics for security guards' working type were examined using one-way ANOVA through SPSS 12.0 version and was treated for the post hoc test when the difference appeared significantly. According to the result, first, there were higher level for the physical fitness according to the security guards' position and it increases body composition and cardiovascular risk factors from higher position. Second, physical fitness level is higher, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors is lower in the security guards for the field service than the security guards on inside duty according to the security guards' working type. Third, it decreases body composition and cardiovascular risk level when the physical fitness level is getting increase for the security guards. In conclusion, it needs to have a physical activity with aerobic system for the security guards of leading members and inside service to decrease the overweight or obesity and cardiovascular risk level.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.553-560
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical risk according to the applicator heterogeneity, mislocation, and tissue heterogeneity correction through a dose verification program during brachytherapy of cervical cancer. We performed image processing with MATLAB on images acquired with CT simulator. The source was modeled and stochiometric calibration and Monte-Carlo algorithm were applied based on dwell time and location to calculate the dose, and the secondary cancer risk was evaluated in the dose verification program. The result calculated by correcting for applicator and tissue heterogeneity showed a maximum dose of about 25% higher. In the bladder, the difference in excess absolute risk according to the heterogeneity correction was not significant. In the rectum, the difference in excess absolute risk was lower than that calculated by correcting applicator and tissue heterogeneity compared to the water-based calculation. In the femur, the water-based calculation result was the lowest, and the result calculated by correcting the applicator and tissue heterogeneity was 10% higher. A maximum of 14% dose difference occurred when the applicator mislocation was 20 mm in the Z-axis. In a future study, it is expected that a system that can independently verify the treatment plan can be developed by automating the interface between the treatment planning system and the dose verification program.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to determine whether there are differences in the level of return and risk of the conventional and Islamic capital markets. Research design, data and methodology: This study takes data on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and the Liquid-45 (LQ45) stock groups in the 2017 to 2020 period. The research approach used is quantitative research with a type of comparison. The data used secondary data sourced from the closing price of shares on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis is a different test or independent sample t-test. Results: There is a significant difference between the rate of return and investment risk in JII and LQ-45. The rate of return and risk of investing in LQ-45 is higher than that of JII. Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the rate of return on investment in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and LQ-45, including conventional stock Liquid-45 (LQ-45) is higher than the rate of return on shares of JII shares. There is a significant difference in the level of investment risk in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and the Liquid-45 (LQ-45), where the risk level for the LQ-45 is higher than that of the JII shares.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2005

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a warm water-filled bag on body temperature, Oxygen demand, respiratory rate and blood sugar in high risk neonates. Method: The infants were assigned to two groups, 16 in the experimental and 20 in the control group. Infants in the experimental group was received $40{\~}42^{\circ}C$ warm water-filled bag therapy for 2 hours under radiant warmers. Infants in the control group were placed under the same kind of radiant warmers but without the warm water-filled bag. The following were measured every 30 minutes: rectal temperature, $O_2$ demand ($FiO_2$), and respiratory rate. Blood sugar was measured hourly. Result: Body temperatures increased significantly in the experimental group (P=0.0138), and there was a difference according to time (P=0.0001). Significant difference were found between the two groups fur $FiO_2$ (P=0.0180). There was no difference in respiratory rates between the two groups and rates according to time for the experimental group were also not significant (P=0.3569). No significant difference between two groups was found for blood sugar (P=0.2152), but there was a significant difference according to the times (P=0.0001). Conclusion: This results of this study indicate that a warm-filled bag is an effective means of resorting body temperature and reducing $O_2$ demand in high risk neonates.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2017

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2001

This was a pre-experimental study to confirm the breast-feeding ability and effect of follow up care on the breast-feeding rate and the breast-feeding method by the mother-infant breast-feeding assessment tool for the mothers who got the breast-feeding education. The subjects were 46 mothers who experienced normal delivery of infants at a college hospital in K-city, Kyungsangbuk-do, from July 1 to October 21, 2000. The instrument for data obtainment were The Mother-Infant Breast-Feeding Assessment Tool of Johnson et al. (1999), and The Breast- Feeding Method Measurement Tool of Jeong, Geum-hee(1997). This instrument was reliable, showing Cronbach $\alpha$.751. This study classified them into 3 groups: at high risk for breast-feeding failure, at risk for breast-feeding problems, and at low risk for breast-feeding failure by the mother-infant breast-feeding assessment tool on the day of discharge from the hospital after delivering individual breast-feeding education to the subjects. This study investigated the breast-feeding rate and the breast-feeding method through mail questionnaire at the four week after childbirth, and through the phone counselling and the home visit for follow up care at the first week and the second week after childbirth. The sixth week after childbirth, this study investigated the breast-feeding rate by phone. The data analyzed the hypothesizes by $x^2$-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and trend analysis using SPSS/PC+ WIN 10.0 program. The results were as follows : 1) Hypothesis 1-1, "there won't be any difference the breast-feeding rate of a group at risk for breast-feeding failure by the time elapsed" was supported through constant the breast-feeding rate, because changes in the breast-feeding rate by the time elapsed after childbirth wasn't statistically significant(t= -1.501, p=.270). Hypothesis 1-2, "there won't be any difference the breast-feeding rate of group at low risk for breast-feeding failure by the time elapsed" was supported through constant the breast-feeding rate, because changes in the breast-feeding rate by the time elapsed after childbirth wasn't statistically significant(t=-1.732, p=.225). 2) Hypothesis 2-1, "there won't be any difference between the breast-feeding method of group at risk for breast-feeding failure for four weeks after childbirth and just after childbirth” was rejected, because the mean point of post test appeared to be higher than that of pre test(t=-7.267, p=.000). Hypothesis 2-2, "there won't be any difference between the breast-feeding method of the group at low risk for breast-feeding failure for four weeks after childbirth and just after childbirth" was rejected, because the mean point of post test appeared to be higher than that of pre test(t=-2.501, p=.012). 3)The 3rd hypothesis, "there won't be any difference between breast-feeding method of groups at risk for breast-feeding problems and at low risk for breast-feeding failure at the 4th week after childbirth and just after childbirth" didn't show any difference between the breast-feeding method of groups at risk for breast-feeding problems and at low risk for breast-feeding failure in the advance test(t=-1.521, p=.130) but there was difference between them in post test (t=-2.012, p=.044). As a result, the 3rd hypothesis was supported by pre test, but it was rejected by post test. In conclusion, this study confirmed breast- feeding education and follow up care just after childbirth were effective for the breast-feeding rate and method. Accordingly, it is proposed that successful nursing intervention of breast-feeding to be necessary by continuously providing follow up care through the mother-infant breast-feeding assessment tool as well as to execute individual breast-feeding education to mothers just after childbirth.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.253-258
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to measure the difference of corporate social responsibility(hereinafter referred to as "CSR") effects on SME's depending on the level of business risk perception. For this aim, we divided the analysis target SEM's into two groups according to the level of business risk perception and examine whether there is any difference in CSR effects through t-test and the test of the structural model invariance across the groups. As a results, the difference of CSR activities between the two groups occurred in the communication and strategy. In terms of CSR effects, there was a gap in the financial performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.88-99
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• 2017

This study investigated the clinical characteristics of the Internet addiction risk group using MMPI-2 and discussed whether the MMPI-2 can be used for diagnosis, evaluation and intervention of the Internet addiction risk group. We verified the difference in the MMPI-2 scales between the addiction-risk group and the general user group, and verified whether the substance-related scales MAC-R, AAP, and AAS scales can distinguish between Internet addiction risk group and general users. The results of the analysis of the MMPI-2 characteristics of 39 Internet addiction risk group and 21 general user group who visited internet addiction counseling center showed significant difference in the D, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Si scales on the clinical scale. There was no difference in the MAC-R, AAS, and APS scales between the Internet addiction group and the general user group. This suggests, that it is not possible to screen the Internet addiction risk group with the supplementary measure, and it is necessary to develop a new scale to diagnose internet addiction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.346-352
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• 2013

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been an alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement (AVR) in old and high risk patients. The goal of this study is to compare the early outcomes of conventional AVR vs. TAVI in high risk severe AS patients. Methods: From January 2008 to July 2012, 44 high risk severe aortic stenosis patients underwent conventional AVR, and 15 patients underwent TAVI. We compared echocardiographic data, periprocedural complication, and survival. The mean follow-up duration was $14.5{\pm}10$ months (AVR), and $6.8{\pm}3.5$ months (TAVI), respectively. Results: AVR group was younger ($78.2{\pm}2.4$ years vs. $82.2{\pm}3.0$ years, p<0.001) and had lower operative risk (Euroscore: $9.4{\pm}2.7$ vs. $11.0{\pm}2.0$, p=0.044) than TAVI group. There was no significant difference in early mortality (11.4% vs. 13.3%, p=0.839), and 1 year survival ($87.4%{\pm}5.3%$ vs. $83.1%{\pm}1.1%$, p=0.805). There was no significant difference in postoperative functional class. There was no significant difference in periprocedural complication except vascular complication (0% [AVR] vs. 13.3% [TAVI], p=0.014). TAVI group had more moderate and severe paravalvular leakage. Conclusion: In this study, both groups had similar periprocedural morbidity, and mortality. However, TAVI group had more greater than moderate paravalvular leakage, which can influence long-term outcome. Since more patients are treated with TAVI even in moderate risk, careful selection of the patients and appropriate guideline need to be established.