• 한국과학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국과학기술학회 2003년도 동계 심포지엄
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• pp.42-50
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• 2003

In the most field of today's technology we can recognize that they are being developed faster than any other era. The common phenomena of the current technology are; large in scale, complicate in process, exposed to large number of people. Although it certainly has contributed to the welfare of humankind, we could realize that the technology has adverse effect to us. Actually we had to experienced numbers of disastrous accidents from many fields modern technologies are being adopted. Hundreds of people, sometimes thousands of people had to die without being noticed why and when. It is clear that we have to manage the risk existing in modern technology. In this paper I wanted to direct they way to adjust the public concerning to the public safety by introducing the method of risk assessment, acceptable risk criteria, and risk management model.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2019

항로에서의 위험도 평가 모델은 해상 교통량을 기초로 다양한 형태의 수학적 분석 방법 등이 응용되고 있다. 국내 해상교통안전진단에서는 항로를 통항하는 선박 규모를 표준화시킨 해상교통혼잡도 모델을 활용하고 있으며, 해상교통혼잡도가 높으면 충돌과 같은 위험상황이 발생할 개연성이 높다고 해석하고 있다. 그러나 항로의 특정 지점에서 관측된 해상 교통량의 밀도 변화가 항로의 위험도를 표현할 수 있는지 보다 면밀한 과학적 검토가 필요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 항로에서의 충돌 및 좌초 등의 위험도를 확률적 기법으로 평가하는 IWRAP Mk2(IALA 공식 추천 평가모델) 모델로 항로 위험도를 체계적으로 평가하고, 동일 해역에서 해상교통혼잡도 모델로 해상교통혼잡도를 평가하여 항로 위험도와 해상교통혼잡도의 연관성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, $R^2$이 0.943인 선형함수가 도출되었으며, 유의수준에서도 유의성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 Pearson 상관계수가 0.971로 높게 나타나 강한 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 이처럼 각각의 수학모델의 공통적인 입력 변수의 영향으로 항로 위험도와 해상교통혼잡도는 강한 연관성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 기반으로 항로 위험도를 예측할 수 있는 평가 기법이 고도화될 수 있는 모델 개발을 위한 응용 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.197-197
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• 2002

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.130-140
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• 2017

Background: With the need for a domestic level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), it is essential to develop a Korea-specific code. Health effect assessments study radiation-induced impacts; in particular, long-term health effects are evaluated in terms of cancer risk. The objective of this study was to analyze the latest cancer risk models developed by foreign organizations and to compare the methodology of how they were developed. This paper also provides suggestions regarding the development of Korean cancer risk models. Materials and Methods: A review of cancer risk models was carried out targeting the latest models: the NUREG model (1993), the BEIR VII model (2006), the UNSCEAR model (2006), the ICRP 103 model (2007), and the U.S. EPA model (2011). The methodology of how each model was developed is explained, and the cancer sites, dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) and mathematical models are also described in the sections presenting differences among the models. Results and Discussion: The NUREG model was developed by assuming that the risk was proportional to the risk coefficient and dose, while the BEIR VII, UNSCEAR, ICRP, and U.S. EPA models were derived from epidemiological data, principally from Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The risk coefficient does not consider individual characteristics, as the values were calculated in terms of population-averaged cancer risk per unit dose. However, the models derived by epidemiological data are a function of sex, exposure age, and attained age of the exposed individual. Moreover, the methodologies can be used to apply the latest epidemiological data. Therefore, methodologies using epidemiological data should be considered first for developing a Korean cancer risk model, and the cancer sites and DDREF should also be determined based on Korea-specific studies.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2019

The probabilistic tsunami risk assessment of large coastal areas is challenging because the inland propagation of a tsunami wave requires an accurate numerical model that takes into account the interaction between the ground, the infrastructures, and the wave itself. Classic mesh-based methods face many challenges in the propagation of a tsunami wave inland due to their ever-moving boundary conditions. In alternative, mesh-less based methods can be used, but they require too much computational power in the far-field. This study proposes a hybrid approach. A mesh-based method propagates the tsunami wave from the far-field to the near-field, where the influence of the sea floor is negligible, and a mesh-less based method, smooth particle hydrodynamic, propagates the wave onto the coast and inland, and takes into account the wave structure interaction. Nowadays, this can be done because the advent of general purpose GPUs made mesh-less methods computationally affordable. The method is used to simulate the inland propagation of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami off the coast of Indonesia.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2010

An existing risk diagnosing methodology (RDM) diagnoses corporate risk for product-innovation projects. However, it cannot evaluate and compare the risk levels of multiple alternatives in the product development stage. This paper proposes a modified risk diagnosis method to fill the gap of risk evaluation in selections of innovative product alternatives and the application of the method will be also illustrated by a case problem on alternative selections in electrical dimmer designs. With RDM as the foundation, a modified RDM (MRDM) is proposed to deal with the problem of selecting innovative project alternatives during the early stages of product development. The Bayesian network; a probabilistic graphical model, is adopted to support the risk pre-assessment stage in the MRDM. The MRDM is proposed by incorporating the risk pre-assessment stage into the foundation. By evaluating the engineering design risks in two electrical dimmer switches, an application of the MRDM in product innovation development is successfully exemplified. This paper strengthens the existing methodology for RDM in innovative product development projects to accommodate innovative alternatives. It is advantageous for companies to identify and measure the risks associated in product development so as to plan for appropriate risk mitigation strategies.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2015

Several transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena strains harboring a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter construct regulated by an endogenous ${\beta}$-actin promoter were established and their expression characteristics in relation to transgene copy numbers were examined in 21 transgene genotypes. Most of the transgenic strains displayed transgene insertion patterns typical of microinjection-mediated introduction of foreign DNA into fish embryos, characterized by the random integration of multiple transgene copies (ranging from 1 - 282 copies per cell), often accompanied by the formation of concatemer(s), as assessed by genomic Southern blot hybridization analysis and qPCR. Transgenic strains showed ubiquitous and continued temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgenic GFP during most of their life cycle, from the embryonic stage to adulthood, enabling assessment of the expression pattern of the endogenous ${\beta}$-actin gene. However, a comparative evaluation of transgene copy numbers and expression levels showed that copy number-dependent expression, the stability of the ubiquitous distribution and expression efficiency per transgene copy varied among the transgenic strains. Fluorescence expression levels were positively correlated with absolute transgene copy numbers, whereas the expression efficiency per transgene copy was inversely related to the number of transgene integrant copies. Data from this study will guide the selection of potentially desirable transgenic strains with ubiquitous expression of a fluorescent transgene, not only in this marine medaka species but also in other related model fish species.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.200-203
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• 2009

우리나라 식품공전상에 수록된 식품군 및 식품유형에 대한 위해순위(risk ranking) 결정은 식품안전관련 위생관리 우선순위 적용 등에 있어 중요한 수단으로 작용할 수 있다. 하지만 세계적인 관심의 증대에도 불구하고 아직까지 국내에서는 체계적으로 수행된 적이 없었다. 본 연구는 식품공전에 포함되어 있는 101개의 식품유형에 대하여 상대적인 위해 순위를 결정하였다. 상대위해도는 노출평가, 심각성평가 및 섭취량 추정부분으로 구성된 위해평가모델을 이용하였다. 추정결과, 즉석섭취식품(RTE)이 가장 높은 위해수준을 나타내었고, 다음이 어육가공품, 빵류 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 식품공전상의 식품유형에 대한 과학적인 위해순위 결과는 식품안전에 있어 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 식품과 이들 식품에 대한 관리목표를 설정하는데 크게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

The reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation may cause human health risk as a result of exposure to pathogens. This study conducted the quantitative microbial risk assessment in paddy field irrigated with treated wastewater. Six treatments were used to irrigate the paddy field from Year 2003 to Year 2005: biofilter-effluent, UV-disinfected water (6, 16, 40, 68 $mW s cm^{-2}$), pond-treated water, wetland-treated water, conventional irrigation water and tap water. Total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli were monitored during rice growing period. Beta - Poisson model was employed to calculate the microbial risk of pathogens ingestion that may occur to farmers and neighbor children. Uncertainty of risk was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, the microbial risk was higher during initial cultivation (end of May$\sim$June), and it decreased with time. Biofilter effluent (secondary effluent) irrigation showed higher risk values than others (>$10^{-4}$) and irrigation with UV-disinfected water has the lowest risk range ($10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-5}$). The risk value estimated in 2005 was lower than risk value in 2003 and 2004, it is likely due to clean tap water irrigation in initial transplanting stage. It is suggested that irrigation with UV-disinfected water and pond-treated water would reduce the microbial risk associated with wastewater irrigation in paddy field. In addition, the first irrigation water quality significantly affected the subsequent microbial risk.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.785-795
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• 2018

국제해사기구는 선체부착생물의 위험성을 인식해서 2011년 '선체부착생물에 의한 외래위해종 이동 저감을 위한 관리 및 제어 가이드라인'을 공표하였고, 향후 이를 강제화하기 위한 국제 협약을 계획하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 향후 강제화 될 국제협약에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 선체부착생물관리 관련 선도국 사례를 소개하고 수중제거에 대한 환경 위해성 평가 기법에 대해서도 알아보았다. 선체부착생물관리 관련해서 선도국인 호주와 뉴질랜드는 수중제거 시나리오 의거해 수행한 생물 및 화학 위해성 평가를 근간으로 선체부착생물관리규제안을 마련하였다. 자국 정부의 특별한 규정이 없는 대부분의 유럽 국가들은 국제해사기구의 선체부착생물 규정에 따라 수중제거를 수행하는 것으로 확인되었다. 우리나라인 경우 선체부착생물에 대한 국내법은 존재하지 않고, 해양 생태계법에 의거해서 약 17종의 해양생태게교란생물만 지정해서 관리하고 있다. 선박 선체에 대한 수중제거는 외래생물 확산 및 수생 환경으로의 화학 물질 방출을 수반하므로, 생물학적 위해성평가와 화학적 위해성평가를 별개로 수행한 후 이 둘의 평가를 종합하여 수중제거 수용 여부를 판단하였다. 생물학적 위해성평가는 수중제거과정에서 외래생물 유입에 영향을 미치는 핵심요소를 기반으로 40 code의 수중제거 시나리오 작성하고 위해성우선순위(Risk Priority Number, RPN) 점수를 산정하였다. 화학적 위해성평가는 수중제거 시 용출되는 구리(Copper) 농도를 기준으로 MAMPEC(Marine Antifoulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations) 모델 프로그램을 사용하여 PEC(Predict Environmental Concentration) 값과 PNEC(Predict No Effect Concentration) 값을 산출하였다. 최종적으로 PEC/PNEC 비의 값이 1 이상이면 화학적 위해성이 높음을 의미한다. R/V 이어호가 부산감천항에서 수중제거를 수행한다는 가정하에 위해성평가를 시범 실시한 결과, 생물학적 위해성은 RPN이 <10,000 이어서 저위험으로 판단되었으나, PEC/PNEC 비의 값이 1 이상으로 화학적 위해성이 높아 최종적으로 수중제거가 불가능한 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 우리나라도 선도국 사례를 참조해서 수중제거기술을 개발하고 또한 국내 항만 현실에 맞는 선체부착생물규제 국내법을 제정해야 할 필요가 있을 것이다.