• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

Level and distribution of fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the agricultural water samples collected in the waterways located in Gyeonggi and Gangwon, Korea were determined for monitoring and risk assessment. A simplified, fast but effective extraction and clean-up methods combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was employed to measure the concentration of the target compounds. The extraction of the analytes of interest in water sample (10 mL) was performed with acetonitrile (10 mL) and the salt. To purify the target PAHs, the clean-up procedure was employed with 2 mL tubes of dispersive solid phase extraction. The optimized method was validated with recoveries, method detection limit (MDL), accuracy and precision. Good recoveries for each PAHs at 10 and $25{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ were achieved (60 to 110%, with RSD <20%) with linearity (>0.99). MDL for all the analytes was achieved with $0.2{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. GC-MS/MS results showed that concentration of phenanthrene in the water samples from Gyeonggi (20 sites) ranged from 0.82 to $2.56{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and from Gangwon (15 sites) ranged from 0.83 to $1.62{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. Other PAHs were not found in the water samples but the continuous monitoring for these areas were required.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Changes in the soil physical property and the topographic condition derived from agricultural activities like as farming activities, land clearance and cutting down resulted in environmental and economic problems including the outflow of nutrient from farms and the water pollution. Several theories on the soil conservation have been developed and reviewed to protect soil erosion in the regions having a high risk of erosion. This study was done using the USLE model developed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978), and model for the slope length and steepness made by Desmet and Govers (1996), and Nearing (1997) to evaluate the potential of the soil erodibility. Therefore, several results were obtained as follows. First, factors affecting the soil erosion based on the USLE could be extracted to examine the erosion potential in farms. Soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), and slope steepness (S) were used as main factors in the USLE in consideration of the soil, not by the land use or land cover. Second, the soil erodibility increased in paddy soils where it is low in soil content, and the very fine sandy loam exists. Analysis of the slope length showed that the value of a flat ground was 1, and the maximum value was 9.17 appearing on the steep mountain. Soil erodibility showed positive relationship to a slope. Third, the potential soil erodibility index (PSEI) showed that it is high in the PSEI of the areas of steep upland and orchard on the slope of mountainous region around Dokjigol mountain, Dunji mountain, and Deummit mountain. And the PSEI in the same land cover was different depending on the slope rather than on the physical properties in soil. Forth, the analysis of land suitability in soil erosion explained that study area had 3,672.35ha showing the suitable land, 390.88ha for the proper land, and 216.54ha for the unsuitable land. For unsuitable land, 8.71ha and 6.29ha were shown in fallow uplands and single cropping uplands, respectively.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

VHSV is a major viral agent that affects freshwater and marine fish, causing serious economic losses in aquaculture in the world. Due to their filter-feeding activity, bivalve mollusks may act as viral transmitters after accumulation of the fish viruses released into seawater from infected fish. Amplification by RT-PCR was carried out to investigate the presence of VHSV in pacific oysters (Crassotrea gigas) and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), inhabiting regions around aquatic farms in Korea. Primers designed from conserved regions of VHSVs allowed us to detect four different types of VHSV in a single PCR. Twenty two of the eighty four samples showed positive results of VHSV in a 2-step RT-PCR. Using six positive samples from three different regions in Korea, we cloned and sequenced the glycoprotein (G) gene (467-bp long) of VHSVs. Genetic analysis of the VHSVs detected in shellfish in various geographical areas of Korea showed highly restricted results to VHSV type Iva. This was in agreement with the reports showing only a single genotype of VHSV (Iva genotype) in outbreaks in cultured or wild fish in Korea. Consequently, we investigated VHSVs carried by bivalve mollusks inhabiting the vicinity of aquatic farms, and revealed correlationship between the type of viral accumulated in shellfish by filter-feeding, and those detected in disease outbreaks in fish.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1744-1751
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• 2011

The concept of the advanced concept technology demonstration (ACTD) has previously been introduced in USA in order to make it possible to rapidly transfer advanced technologies developed in commercial sectors to develop weapon systems in the defense area. Since then in Korea several ACTD programs have been developed and being carried out However, there are few program management methods suitable for the characteristics of the ACTD programs, which requires stringent management of the program requirements and risks due to the radically shortened development time. In this paper such a problem has been addressed and as a solution approach the quality function deployment (QFD) method has been adopted, which is being served as a successful model in various areas such as manufacturing. The QFD method is used in our study to improve communication between various stakeholders involved in the ACTD programs and also to reduce risks related to requirements. Specifically we have developed the ACTD standard templates based on the QFD method and discussed how to use the developed templates. Finally, the application of the study result is demonstrated through the ACTD program of flight information demonstration system and also specific ways are suggested to use the standard templates, to manage requirements, and to reduce risks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2018

The increase of risk in port due to the increase in ship size and sea level rises, the standard crown height will increase. In this study, cruise and container ships will need to raise their crown height due to the projected wind pressure areas becoming larger due to the ships' size increase. The mooring assessment was evaluated with the rise of the crown height. The cruise ship of GT 100,000 tons exceeded the permissible breaking force of the mooring line under the crown height conditions of wind speed of 30 kts when the wind direction was $45^{\circ}$ to the direction of the bow. Also, the elevation angle of the pier and mooring line was analyzed and exceeded the crown height, and it was determined that it is necessary to adjust the crown height. Container ships of DWT 100,000 tons were analyzed to exceed the limit of sway motion at the crown height and it was determined that they need to be adjusted to the minimum crown height standard.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.615-622
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• 2019

Recently, reports of cruel group sexual assault in India have been frequently reported. The most prominent group sexual assault incident in India was a medical student, Joti Singh case, that six men raped her and damaged her genitals and organs on a bus and caused her death in 2012. This incident led to the launch and passage of a strong punishment bill including death penalty for sexual assault. But since then, sexual assault is still on the rise. As a result of examining the relations with regional characteristics centering on the areas where sexual assaults occurred, it was found that most of the cases of group sexual assault reported in the media occurred in the mid-north of India, and this was consistent with the region of the Hindu stressed region. If so, it can only be concluded that Hindu fundamentalism, in which female neglect is severe, is the cause. Hindu fundamentalists try to revive the traditional values of women with a strong retroism tendency. In Indian society, women are still at risk of collateral damage. The pursuit of Hindu fundamentalism by the ruling party and political leaders will require much more time to improve the women's social status and human rights.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.259-269
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• 2017

This study analyzed medical aid case management effects based on the number of access by visits, phone calls, letters, internal investigation, resource links, and requests, in medical aid case management business that is carried out to improve the quality of life of medical care beneficiaries and reduce financial cost. Secondary analysis study using data of 564 high-risk group in the medical aid case management and their healthcare utilization data. Letters had positive correlations with the scores of all case management domains. The higher visits was, the lower the score of self-health care ability was, and the higher the number of phone calls was, the higher the score for reasonable medical use was. While there was no significant difference in medical cost according to aid management by interventions, the higher visits and resource links were, the lower the subjects' total number of payment days was. There is a difference in the various areas of the quality of health -related life and medical use depending on case management by intervention method and its number. It is necessary to carry out the efficient number of access to case management by intervention method.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.343-349
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• 2013

Crashworthy fuel cells have a great influence on improving the survivability of crews. Since 1960's, the US army has developed a detailed military specification, MIL-DTL-27422, defining the performance requirements for rotorcraft fuel cells. In the qualification tests required by MIL-DTL-27422, the crash impact test should be conducted to verify the crashworthiness of fuel cell. Success of the crash impact test means the improvement of survivability of crews by preventing post-crash fire. But, there is a big risk of failure due to huge external load in the crash impact test. Because the crash impact test itself takes a long-term preparation efforts together with costly fuel cell specimens, the failure of crash impact test can result in serious delay of a entire rotorcraft development. Thus, the numerical simulations of the crash impact test has been required at the early design stage to minimize the possibility of trial-and-error with full-scale fuel cells. Present study performs the numerical simulation using SPH(smoothed particle hydro-dynamic) method supported by a crash simulation software, LS-DYNA. Test condition of MIL-DTL-27422 is reflected on analysis and material data is acquired by specimen test of fuel cell material. As a result, the resulting equivalent stresses of fuel cell itself are calculated and vulnerable areas are also evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.5-28
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• 2011

This study, based on the research on the history of life, aimed to recompose and analyze into what life progressive structure the life experience by the mentally ill, after the onslaught of the disease, developed in a bid to understand the risk progress in the mentally ill's life, and to determine what contributed to the current stabilized recovery and adjustment. Five mentally ill persons participated in the study, and Sch$\ddot{u}$tze's narrative interview was used to gather data. The gathered data were analyzed according to Sch$\ddot{u}$tze's process structure of life. The interviewees' life experiences were chronologically organized as understood, and significant stories were recomposed that not only brought about changes but also helped overcome their disabilities in the process of treatment and rehabilitation after the onslaught of the disease. As a result, their experiences were recomposed into the stage of onslaught of the mental illness and confusion, and into the stage of intensive treatment and rehabilitation. The former was categorized into suppression by the disease, repetition and endurance of the painful life, and separation from their family and frustration. The latter was categorized into the rediscovery of self through social role change, others who helped realize the life potential, the expansion of mental health services in the community, obstacle to the integration of communities, re-integration of family relationships, re-analysis of experience of the disease through the examination of the life prior to onslaught of the disease, and expectation for the future. Also, these themes were comparatively examined so as to examine the crisis progress in the mentally ill's life after the onslaught of the disease, as well as the life transfer process through positive rehabilitation. Lastly, on the basis of these results, important areas of mental health services for the mentally ill were discussed.