• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.425-437
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• 2008

Let P be a poset and G = G(P) be the incomparability graph of P. Stanley [7] defined the chromatic symmetric function $X_{G(P)}$ which generalizes the chromatic polynomial ${\chi}_G$ of G, and showed all coefficients are nonnegative in the e-expansion of $X_{G(P)}$ for a poset P of rank 1. In this paper, we construct a sign reversing involution on the set of special rim hook P-tableaux with some conditions. It gives a combinatorial proof for (3+1)-free conjecture of a poset P of rank 1.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2018

Background: The ideal absorbable plating system should provide sufficient rigidity and then be absorbed within a timely manner. The Resorb-X has been recently developed as a plating system with a mixture ratio of 50:50 poly(D, L-lactide). Methods: We present seven of 121 patients who experienced delayed degradation with this absorbable plate. One hundred twenty-one patients with facial bone fracture underwent surgical treatment from March 2011 to March 2015, and rigid fixation was achieved with the Resorb-X. Results: Of 121 patients, seven (5.8%) developed complications at the surgical sites. Six of 102 cases underwent fixation of the infraorbital rim and one of 73 underwent fixation of the frontozygomatic buttress; the other sites of fixation did not develop delayed degradation. Foreign body granuloma developed at the earliest by postoperative 20 months and at the latest by postoperative 28 months (average, 23.5 months). Conclusion: We observed that the use of absorbable plates in incision sites or areas with thin skin can increase the possibility of delayed degradation. When performing surgery in these areas, the normal skin above the fixed location should be covered sufficiently.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 1979

In order to evaluate the present status of hook-worm infection in the rural areas in Korea, stool examinations were undertaken in several selected rural villages in each year of 1970 and 1977. The methods employed were cellophane thick smear technique and brine floatation technique in 3,454 specimens collected from 7 different rural villages for the prevalence rate of hookworm infection and Stoll's dilution egg counting technique for the intensity of hookworm infection. The incidences of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections were determind by polyethylene tube coproculture and by the evacuated adult worms after treatment with anthelmintics to the patients who were infected by hookworms. The results are as follows : 1) In 1970, 323(18.6%) out of 1,737 specimens collected from 4 different rural areas were positive for hook worm infection and the ranges of prevalence rates in those suveyed areas were shown as 6.9 to 38.2 per cent. On the other hand, 144(8.2%) out of 1,717 specimens collected from 3 different rural areas in 1977 were shown as positive for hookworm infection and 7.5 to 10.6 per cent of prvalence rates were shown in the surveyed areas. 2) In the age group under 10 years, there was no infection of hookworm in the studied areas in 1977, however in 1970 the prevalence of the hookworm infection was shown as very low in the age group of 5~9. On the whole, the hookworm prevalence steadily increased from the age of 15 in the studied areas in 1970, however in 1977 the prevalence increased from the age of 20 to the older age groups. 3) There was not observed much differences in the intensity of hookworm infection among the studied areas in 1970 and 1977. The mean EPG in each studied areas were shown under 1,000 EPG and mean numbers of evacuated worms per infected persons were counted as 9.4 to 15. 1. 4) Both A.duodenale and N.americanus have been found in all studied areas but the incidences and st-ate of distribution of two species of hookworn were shown as different in each localities.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2005

Bulging of the lower eyelid & tear trough groove is regarded as a sign of aging. In the past, the surgical excision of the fat pad has been the mainstray of the management of lower palpebral bag in cosmetic blepharoplasty, Recently, fat pad sliding method has been introduced to make more attractive lower eyelids. We used the fat pad for covering the hollowness of the lower eye lid. And we use redundant fat pad for filling & augmentation of the lower eye lid by reflexion. Redraping of the orbicularis arc, with its accompanying midfacial fat repositioning, anatomically restores the cheek and lower lid to make more youthful contour. By redraping and fixing the orbicularis arc on the medial surface of the orbital rim, it becomes a more attractive midface and may prevent of ectropion. From August, 2002 to July, 2004 in correction of lower palpebral bulge & tear trough groove, these two technique were performed in 42 consecutive individuals (84 lower eyelid) for two-year period. Follow up ranged from 3 to 15 months. (an average of 9 months) Palpebral bulge & tear trough groove were corrected and obtained a youthful midface. Complication was rare. The advantages of these techniques are that: prevent in of secondary palpebral bulge and irregularity of lower eyelid by using of reflexed fat fad; prevent in of ectropion. Thus an attractive midface is obtained by redraping of orbicularis arc.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal helminthic infection in rural areas of Korea from Dec. 1976 to Feb. 1979.The 4,311 stool specimens collected from 4 mountainous areas, 2 plain areas and 4 ri ver basins were examined. The methods employed were Kato's cellophane thick smear technique and brine fletation technique. The results are as follows. 1. The positive rate of intestinal helminch of any kind was 73.4%. It was 82.9% in river basins, 70. 2% in plain areas and 70. 4% in mountainous areas. 2. The positive rates of intestinal helmint.h were; Ascaris lumbricoides 42.5%, Trichocephalus trichiurus 51.4%, Hookworm 4.2%, Clonorchis sinensis 4.0%, Meta-gonimus yokogawai 5.7%, Hymenolepis nana 1.3%, Taenia species 1.0%, and Trichostrongyllus orientalis 1.2% respectively. 3. Sexual distribution of heiminthic infections showed higher rate in female than that of male except C. sinensis, H. nana, Taenia species, and. M. yokogawai. 4.Infection rates of T. trichiurus, Hook-worm and C. sinensis increased with age, but conversely H. nana were more prominent in younger age. 5. No geographical differen=e was noticed except that, M. yokogawai (20.9%), C sinensis (14.2%) in river basins ancl Taenia species (2.3%, by applying only stool examination) in mountainous areas were higher than the other 2 areas.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.555-558
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• 2011

Purpose: It is relatively unusual that infraorbital rim fracture is accompanied by nasal bone fracture. In order to correct effectively, subciliary approach and intranasal manipulation are applied simultaneously. But if reduction is not successful, intranasal manipulation may become aggressive and this often causes complications. We introduce a method using intermaxillary fixation screws for decreasing such complications and effective reduction of fracture. Methods: Total seven patients with fracture of frontal process of maxilla were treated with this method. The fracture site was exposed through the subciliary approach, and one or two screws were inserted into the displaced fracture fragment. During the traction of the screws using the wire, the fracture fragment was pushed upward from the intranasal side using an elevator supplementarily and fixed with a plate and the screws. Results: In all patients, the fracture fragment was reduced successfully and no complication occurred during one year's postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: When reduction cannot be attained through a bone hook or an elevator alone, reduction of fracture fragment can be done easily using intermaxillary fixation screws. This method is less likely to cause a mucosal injury because intranasal manipulation is not aggressive. Furthermore, as the screw can be inserted and removed easily, this method is considered effective not only for fracture of frontal process of maxilla but also for fractures in other regions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2011

Purpose: Retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF) and preseptal fat pad (PSF) are deep fat structures of frontal and supraorbital area, that encounter galeal fat pad (GFP). If galeal wall is weakened by aging process, GFP loses its anchoring structure, moved downward pushing ROOF and PSF. This especially occur in lateral brow area. As a result of drooping, eyebrow affects the eyelid covering PSF as a sac descended to a lateral hooding and ptotic eyelid simultaneously. Consequently, in the case of lateral hooding and brow ptosis, besides the skin, deep fat structures (ROOF and PSF) should be corrected as well. Methods: ROOF-PSF repositioning technique in subbrow resection were performed. 21 cases of patients from April, 2007 to January, 2008. Before surgery, all patients were examined carefully to evaluate the degrees of dermatochalasia, drooping of the eyebrow, marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), eyelid crease height. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia, then excised the drooped eyelid skin by lateral subbrow resection, removed proper amount of ROOF, repositioned ROOF-PSF at the supraorbital rim, and fix it on periosteum. During follow up periods, the patients were surveyed of the satisfaction of surgery, and postoperative MRD1 was evaluated. Results: One patient had a hematoma on left eyebrow, and another one patient had a numbness on left forehead for two months. Except for these two patients, all patients had good results without any significant complications. The mean follow up period was about 5 months, and the position of lateral eyebrow maintained above the supraorbital rim in all cases. Postoperatively, MRD1 increased by 0.8 mm in 5-months mean follow up period. Conclusion: In patient with lateral brow ptosis and lateral hooding, the ROOF-PSF repositioning technique in sub-brow resection could be a good operative option.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2009

Purpose: Point fixation at the margin of the glenoid is a limitation of conventional arthroscopic stabilization using suture anchors, and does not afford sufficient footprint healing, especially in glenoid bone deficiency. So, we introduce an arthroscopic suture bridge transosseous-equivalent technique for bony Bankart lesions to avoid the technical disadvantage of point contact with anchor fixation and to improve mechanical stability through cross compression of the labrum. Surgical approach: The technique was adapted from the transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repair technique using suture bridges, which improved the pressurized contact area and mean pressure between the tendon and footprint. After preparation of the glenoid bed by removal, reshaping, or mobilization of the bony lesion, two anchors (3.0 mm Biofastak, $Arthrex^{(R)}$, Naples, FL) were inserted into the superior and inferior portion of the bony Bankart lesion. Using a suture hook, medial mattress sutures were applied around the capsulolabral portion of the IGHL complex to obtain sufficient depth of glenoid coverage. A 3.5 mm pushloc anchor ($Arthrex^{(R)}$, Naples, FL) hole was made in the articular edge of the anterior glenoid rim. distal, suture bridge was applied, and proximal was inserted to mobilize the labrum in the proximal direction. This avoided the technical disadvantage of point contact with anchor fixation and decreased the level of gap formation through cross-compression of the labrum.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2010

Purpose: Too develop a flexible drill device that can be inserted into the shoulder joint so that arthroscopic transosseous suture repair for Bankart lesion is possible. Materials and Methods: We created a device composed of a flexible drill unit and a guide pipe unit. The flexible drill unit was made of flexible multifilament wires (1.2 mm in diameter) that was twisted into one cord so that it can flex in any direction and a drill bit (1.2 mm in diameter) that is attached onto one end of the flexible wire. The guide pipe unit was a 150 mm long metal pipe (2.0 mm in inner diameter and 3.0 mm in outer diameter), with one end bent to 30 degrees. The flexible drill set was inserted into the shoulder joint through the posterior portal of the joint. The guide pipe component was placed onto the medial wall of the glenoid so that the pipe was placed 5 mm posterior to the margin of the anterior glenoid rim. The flexible drill was driven through the glenoid by the power drill so that holes were made in the glenoid. A non- absorbable suture was passed through the hole. Tying of a sliding knot tying was accomplished over the capsule and labrum after making a stitch through the capsule and labrum with a suture hook loaded with suture passer. The same procedures were done at the 2 and 4 O'Clock positions of the glenoid. Results: Five cases with Bankart lesion received arthroscopic transosseous repair with our flexible drill device. There were no intraoperative problems. Neither redislocation nor subluxation was reported at final follow-up. Conclusion: Arthroscopic transosseous suture repair without suture anchors and easy tying of a sliding knot are possible with a flexible drill set.