• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2012

Increasing rice grain yield is critical for feeding rapid increasing of Asian population. However, global warming effect may be negative for sustainable rice production. Therefore it is essential to develop technologies not only for increasing grain yield but also for reducing global warming effect. Biochar, which is carbonized biomass, has a great potential of carbon sequestration and soil quality improvement, which can contribute grain yield increasing. In this study, rice yield responses to biochar application on the rice cropping system were evaluated with field experiments under different water management practices at the research farm of the University of Missouri-Columbia Delta Research Center, Portageville, MO. Biochar (i.e., $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$) was produced using field scale pyrolyzer and incorporated into the field 4 months prior to planting. Rice was grown under three different water management practices. Result showed that no significant yield difference was found in the biochar application plots compared to rice hull and control plots from the 2 years field study at the very fertile soil. However, rainfed management results in severe reduction of yield. Research concludes that the biochar application does not significantly influence on rice yield increasing especially for very fertile soils.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2006

화영벼와 일품벼를 이용하여 벼멸구에 피해에 따른 농업적 특성, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼멸구 피해지에서 간장 수장 및 수당립수는 차이가 없었으나, 등숙율 및 쌀수량은 무피해구에 비해 감소되어 출수기 이후의 피해가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 현미의 외관품질 분석 결과 벼멸구 피해지의 정상립 비율은 감소하였고, 미숙립, 피해립 및 사미의 발생은 증가되었다. 3. 벼멸구 피해지의 쌀의 이화학적 특성 분석 결과 아밀로스 함량은 차이가 없었으나, 단백질 함량은 높았다. 최고 점도는 낮고 치반점도는 높았으며 취반시 호화특성이 불량한 것으로 나타났으며, 식미치는 낮아졌다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.659-671
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• 2021

The physicochemical properties of soil and the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sailmi) were assessed using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Kowinearly)-rice double cropping systems in the paddy fields at Goseong and Miryang in southern Korea. The average temperatures during the ripening period were approximately 1 ℃ higher than the optimal temperature for rice ripening and the sunshine duration was reduced by frequent rainfall. Consequently, it was slightly below the optimal conditions required for rice ripening. In the soil at Goseong, winter Italian ryegrass cropping increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen (T-N), available P₂O₅, K, Ca, and Mg than winter fallowing. Particularly, the contents of T-N and available P₂O₅increased significantly. In the soil at Miryang, Italian ryegrass slightly increased the electrical conductivity and the T-N, Mg, and Na contents. Therefore, winter Italian ryegrass cropping improved the physicochemical properties of paddy soils; however, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly reduced the culm length at both Goseong and Miryang, without markedly changing the panicle length or number compared to fallow-rice cropping. Furthermore, at Goseong, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly decreased the spikelet number and milled rice yield, and increased the ripened grain rate; however, at Miryang, contrasting results were observed. In addition, fallow-rice cropping revealed no differences in the head rice or opaque rice rates. The protein content was slightly increased in Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping, without significant changes in the amylose content or Toyo value, compared to that in fallow-rice cropping. The peak and breakdown viscosities were slightly decreased. These results indicate that winter Italian ryegrass cropping might alter rice taste but may not exhibit remarkable negative effects on rice cultivation. Therefore, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping system is recommended for paddy fields in southern Korea. Nevertheless, to increase the rice yield and quality, fertilization standards for rice cropping that consider the changes in the T-N and organic matter contents in paddy fields caused by winter Italian ryegrass cropping need to be established.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권spc호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2008

이상기상으로 인해 모내기 지연형 한발이 발생할 경우나 시설 하우스재배 후작으로 벼를 이앙할 경우를 대비하여 이미 생산해 놓은 묘령이 많은 노숙묘 기계 이앙시 가능 한계 묘령과 그에 따른 미질 변화를 구명코자 시험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이앙후 본답 적응력을 보기 위한 굴기력은 품종에 관계없이 묘령이 어릴수록 굴기력이 커 본답 적응력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 수량은 10일묘에서 현저히 감소하였고, 30일묘 이후는 큰 차이가 없었으나 조생종인 상미벼는 본년과 전년도의 성적이 상이되는 결과를 보여 기상의 영향에 따라 생육이 달랐다. 3. 묘령이 어릴수록 청미 및 피해립의 비율이 높아져 완전미 비율은 떨어졌고, 45, 60일묘에서 완전미 비율이 높아지는 경향이었다. 4. 쌀의 이화학적 특성 및 식미치는 청미와 피해립 등 미숙립이 다발되었던 10일묘에서 단백질 함량이 증가되었으며 식미치도 낮아졌다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1999

Soil moisture condition is an important limiting factor in growth and yield in rice culture. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence on the growth, yield and Quality of rice subjected to soil moisture stress (SMS) at different growth stages. Ajaponica rice cultivar, Dongjinbyeo, was cultured under flooded conditions in a plastic container filled with silty loam soil. The container was subjected to SMS until the initial wilting point (IWP) coincided with about 10% in soil moisture content and about-200 kPa in soil matric potential, and was then irrigated again, at 6 and 5 of main growth stage in 1996 and 1997, respectively. At maturity, the plant height, tiller number, leaf area and top dry weight were decreased more in SMS treatments at the early stage than the late stage. The averaged yield index of SMS to control in both years was lowest at meiosis (62.5%), which primarily resulted from lower percent ripened grain and 1,000 grain weight, and second＇ reduced the spikelet number per panicle and panicle number per hill, and followed at tillering stage (68.5%) which resulted from the lower production in tiller number and top dry matter during and after SMS treatment. The percent-age of read rice in SMS plants varied with the treatment stage as order of lower at meiosis (44.0%), heading (53.9%), panicle initiation (70.1%), tillering (72.1%), ripening (75.8%) and 5 days after transplanting (DAT) (79.0%). Protein content in brown rice was slightly larger in SMS at late growth stage than the control, while the contents of fat and ash differed very little between SMS and control. Contents of Mg and K and Mg/K in brown rice with SMS were lower at some treatment stages such as at ripening or panicle initiation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

남부 산간고랭지인 운봉에서 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 재배기술을 확립하고자 $2002\~2004$년에 삼천벼와 상미벼를 공시하여 적정 이앙시기를 검토하였는데, 이들 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단위면적당 영화수는 생태형에 관계없이 이앙시기가 빠를수록 많은 경향이었다. 2. 등숙비율은 삼천벼는 5월 21일 이앙에서 높았으나 상미벼는 조기 이앙할수록 높았다. 3. 완전미 수량은 삼천벼는 5월 21일 이앙에서, 상미벼는 5월 1일 이앙에서 가장 많았다. 4.완전미 수량, 등숙비율, 미질 등을 고려한 이앙적기는 조생종은 5월 21일, 준조생종은 5월 1일로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.13-13
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• 2017

By the progress of genome sequencing, infrastructures for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) of rice came to be established. Fine mapping and gene isolation have been conducted using the breeding materials derived from natural variations and artificial mutants. Such genetic analysis by the genome-wide dense markers provided us the knowledge about the many genes controlling important traits. We identified several genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heading date, blast resistance, eating quality, high-temperature stress tolerance, and so on. NILs of each gene controlling heading date contribute to elongate the rice harvest period. Determination of precise gene location of blast resistance gene pi21, allowed us to overcome linkage drag, co-introduction of undesirable eating quality. We could also breed the first practical rice cultivar in Japan with a brown planthopper resistance gene bph11 in the genetic back-ground of an elite cultivar. Discovery of major and minor QTLs for good eating quality allowed us to fine-tune of eating quality according to the rice planting area or usage of rice grain. Many rice cultivars have bred efficiently by MAB for several traits, or by marker-assisted backcross breeding through chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) using genetically diverse accessions. We are also systematically supporting the crop breeding of other sectors by MAB or by providing resources such as CSSLs. It is possible to pyramid many genes for important traits by using MAB, but is still difficult to improve the yielding ability. We are performing a Genomic Selection (GS) for improvement of rice biomass and grain yield. We are also trying to apply the genome editing technology for high yield rice breeding.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

표준시비량이 감소된 조건에서 좀 더 효율적인 질소시비방법을 확립하고 이들이 벼 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 연차, 지역 및 품종별로 질소시비방법을 달리하여 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 연차, 지역 및 품종에 관계없이 질소의 수비시용 시기에 따른 수량과 현미단백질 함량에는 차이가 없었고, 질소분비비율을 기비-분얼비-수비로 50-30-20 혹은 70-0-30으로 하여 질소시용시기를 출수 전 25일에서 출수 전 15일로 늦출 때 현미 천립중과 현미완전미 비율이 증가하여 고품질쌀 생산에 유리하였다. 2. 쌀 수량, 현미천립중, 현미완전미율, 현미단백질 함량 모두 일부 지역 및 품종에서 유의성이 인정되었으나 전체적으로 분산시비와 기비중점시비간 차이가 없었다. 따라서 사질답과 같은 토양 양분 유실이 많은 조건을 제외하고는 기비중점 시비로 관행에 비하여 수량 감소 및 품질저하 없이 생산노력비 절감이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.382-390
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• 1995

우리나라 서남부평야지의 숙답과 간척답간 미질의 변이정도를 비교하기 위하여 각 지역별 표준 재배법에 따라 재배한 동률벼의 생육 및 수량특성과 미질특성을 비교 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장은 간척지에서는 지역간 변이폭이 1~2cm였으나 숙답에서는 4~5cm로 컸으며, m$^2$당 수수는 숙답에 비하여 간척답에서 많았으나, m$^2$당 수수, 등숙비율 및 천입중은 간척답에 비하여숙답에서 많거나 높은 편이었다. 2. 쌀수량은 숙답평균(511kg/10a)에 비하여 간척답이 12%정도 감수경향이었고, 숙답에서는 대전(511kg/10a)이, 간척답에서는 영암(530kg/10a)이 가장 높은 수량성을 보였다. 3. 현미 완전입율은 숙답의 쌀이 놓았고 미숙입과 피해입은 간척지 쌀이 많아, 외관상 미질은 숙답의 쌀이 우수한 경향이었다. 4. 전분함량과 알칼리 붕괴도는 숙답미에 미하여 간척답미가 높았고, 단백질과 지방 및 아밀로스 함량은 간척미가 낮았다. 5. 간척답미가 숙답미에 비하여 Ca, Mg,Na 및 K등 무기성분 함량이 높았고 Mg/K 및 Na/K 비율이 높은 경향이었다. 6. 호화개시온도는 지역간 및 숙답과 간척답간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 최고점도, 최저점도 및 강하정도는 대체로 간척답미가 높은 경향이었으며, 외관상 쌀품질은 숙답미에 비하여 간척답쌀이 떨어지는 편이었으나 식미는 약간 우수한 경향이었다.