• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.154-155
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2022

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2022

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.827-834
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• 2013

The water footprint of product and service is the total volume of freshwater consumed, directly and indirectly, in the life cycle of a product and service. Up to date, water consumption data for industries and products were not well quantified and developed. Especially it is important to construct for agriculture industry which consumes lots of water. In this study, by using Cropwat 8.0 model, we tried to evaluate regionalized water consumption related with rice production in agriculture industry in eight regions (Gangwon, Gyeongi, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk). As a result, Gyeongbuk region has the lowest water consumption in rice production, which is $1,356.68m^3/ton$, on the other hand, Jeonnam region has the highest water consumption ($1,669.54m^3/ton$). By using the average indirect water consumption ($1,487.87m^3/ton$) of eight regions and direct water consumption, the total water footprint for the rice amount of rice bowl size (130 g), which is 193.6 L was calculated. Based on this research approach, we should develop water footprint database of all agriculture products and expand to other industrial sectors.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Discrimination of 5 rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo , Dongjinbyeo Simbaekbyeo , Hwamanbyeo , and Simbaek-hetero ) using metabolic profiling was carried out. Whole cell extracts from each cultivar were subjected to $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. When spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis, 5 cultivars were clustered into 3 groups: SJ, DJ + SB, and HM + SH. Thecultivars showed great difference in carbohydrate region of $^1H$ NMR spectra, suggesting that qualitative and quantitative differences in carbohydrate compounds play a major role in discrimination of the cultivars. In addition, it was readily possible to determine relative quantification of major carbohydrates including sucrose, glucose, maltose from spectral data of the cultivars. SJ showed 2 to 4 times higher content of maltose than the other rice cultivars. Overall results indicate that metabolic discrimination of rice cultivars using $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy combined by multivariate statistical analysis can be used for rapid discrimination of numerous rice cultivars and simple quantitative analysis system of major carbohydrate compounds in rice grains.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.515-524
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• 2010

The amylose content of starch is a major factor in the texture of cooked cereal grains. Therefore, down-regulation of amylose synthesis is one of the alternative method to improve eating quality of rice. We developed transgenic rice plants designed to suppress granule-bound starch synthase I(GBSSI) gene using RNA interference(RNAi) technology. Transgenic plants with RNAi vector containing the 3'-UTR region of GBSSI showed a lower amylose content in rice endosperm than that of wild-type. The range of amylose content was 5.9~9.0% in the transgenic plants, whereas that of wild-type was 17.7~18.0%. Transgenic rices showed the decrease of short chain and the increase of long chain by analyzing chain length distribution of amylopectin in the endosperm. In the SEM micrographs, we found that compound starch granules in whole grains of the wild-type rice were readily split during fracturing, while the starch granules in RNAi-transgenic lines showed small voluminous, non-angular rounded bodies.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.277-284
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soaking time on physicochemical properties of waxy rice, waxy rice flour and waxy rice starch. Waxy rice (WR), waxy rice flour (WRF), waxy rice starch (WRS) were soaked at $18^{\circ}C$ for 14 days and dried at $40^{\circ}C$. Dried samples were grounded and sieved using 180 mesh. Physicochemical properties of the three samples, such as swelling power, solubility, moisture sorption isotherms and pasting properties using rapid visco analyzer (RVA) and crystal pattern using X-ray diffractometer were determined. In all samples, soaking time greatly influenced moisture sorption isotherms but no typical pattern was shown. Swelling power was not greatly changed by soaking time in the three samples. Solubility increased with increasing soaking time in all three samples, indicating that some soluble particles were exuded during soaking. In RVA pasting properties, WR and WRF showed a similar pattern, while WRS showed different pasting properties, suggesting that rice protein plays a significant role in pasting properties. X-ray diffraction patterns of all three samples showed typical A-type crystal pattern suggesting that soaking did not affect crystalline region of samples.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

Physicochemical properties of cross-linked rice starches were investigated. Swelling power of cross-linked rice starch increased at relatively lower temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$ than native rice starch $(70^{\circ}C)$. Cross-linked rice starch showed lower solubility $(1.7{\sim}6.1%)$ than native rice starch $(2.2{\sim}13.8%)$ and solubility is not significantly different with the amount of phosphorus oxychloride. Pasting temperature $(69.2{\sim}70.6^{\circ}C)$ and peak viscosity $(2,874{\sim}3,175\;cp)$ of cross-linked rice starch were lower than native starch $(71.6^{\circ}C,\;3,976\;cp)$, but holding strength $(2,177{\sim}2,708\;cp)$ and final viscosity $(3,424{\sim}3,826 \;cp)$ of cross-linked rice starch were higher than native starch (1,000 cp, 2,312 cp). DSC thermal transitions of cross-linked rice starches were shifted to a lower temperature than native rice starch but there was no significant difference in gelatinization enthalpy between native and cross-linked rice starches. X-ray diffraction pattern of both native and cross-linked rice starches showed typical A-type crystal indicating that cross-linking had not affected the crystalline region of starch.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

Objectives: The principal aim of this study is to investigate and analyze domestic usage amounts of insecticide in rice cultivation in order to provide fundamental data for establishing a job-exposure matrix(JEM) related to farmers working with agricultural insecticides. Materials and Methods: An investigation of domestic usage amounts of insecticides rice cultivation was performed through two methods. The first method utilized information on agricultural pesticides published annually by the Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA). The second method made use of area of cultivation of rice as officially determined by Statistics Korea(SK). An estimation of domestic usage of insecticides in rice cultivation through the second method was determined by multiplying the total cultivation area of rice($m^2$) by the optimal spray volume of insecticides for rice cultivation per unit of cultivation area($kg/m^2$). Results: As a result of the analysis of public data regarding insecticides in rice cultivation, it was found that the domestic usage amount has decreased sharply from the first year of market sales(1969) to the final data year(2012). There is little difference in the annual usage trend of insecticides in rice cultivation between shipment and estimation. Also, the annual usage trends of insecticides in rice cultivation based on regional classification were nearly similar to those based on the overall aspect. Conclusions: The region which used the largest volume of insecticide in rice cultivation in Korea was the Jeolla Provinces, followed by the Gyeonsang Provinces, the Chungcheong Provinces, Seoul/Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province and Jeju Province. Substantially, the mean ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $96{\pm}29%$, which indicates that the domestic usage amount of insecticide for rice cultivation corresponded to the optimal spray standard per unit area.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.09a
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• pp.29-39
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• 1994

Serious issues about the changes in the environmental conditions on earth associated with human activities have arisen, and the interest in these problems has increased. It is urgent to determine how the expansion of terrestrial UV-B radiation due to the stratospheric ozone depletion influences living matters. In this connection, we have been investigating the effects of UV-B radiation on the growth of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). We report here some physiological and genetic aspects of resistance to inhibitory effects of UV-B radiation on growth of rice cultivars as described below. Elevated UV radiation containing large amount of UV-B and a small amount of UV-C inhibited the development of plant height, the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content in rice plants in a phytotron. Similar results were obtained in experiments, in which elevated UV-V radiation. Similar results were obtained in experiments, in which elevated UV-B radiation (transmission down to 290 nm) was applied instead of UV-B radiation containing a small amount of UV-C. The inhibitory effects of UV radiation was alleviated by the elevated CO2 atmospheric environment or by the exposure to the high irradiance visible radiation. The latter suggested the possibility that the resistance to the effects of UV radiation was either due to a lower sensitivity to UV radiation or to a greater ability to recover from the injury caused by UV radiation through the exposure to visible radiation. The examination of cultivar differences in the resistance to UV radiation-caused injuries among 198 rice cultivars belonging to 5 Asian rice ecotypes (aus, aman, boro, bulu and tjeleh) from the Bengal region and Indonesia and to Japanese lowland and upland rice groups showed the following: Various cultivars having different sensitivities to the effects of UV radiation were involved in the same ecotype and the same group, and that the Japanese lowland rice group and the boro ecotype were more resistant. Among Japanese lowland rice cultivars, Sasanishiki (one of the leading varieties in Japan) exhibited more resistance to UV rakiation, while Norin 1 showed less resistance, although these two cultivars are closely related. It was thus indicated that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation of rice cultivars is not simply due to the difference in the geographical situation where rice cultuvars are cultivated. Form the genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on growth of rice using F2 plants generated by reciprocally crossing Sasanishiki and Norin 1 and F3 lines generated by self-fertilizing F2 plants, it was evident that the resistance to the inhibitory of elebated UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes.