• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1997

This study was nudertaken to investigate the major food sources of energy, frotin, fat, carbohydrate and crude fiber based on the data from the National Nutrition Survey in 1993. Results were summarized as followed : the most important source of energy was rice providing 52.9% of total energy intake. Instant noodle, pork, bread and beef were major sources of energy in order. Protein sources were rice, beef, pork, egg and pollack in order. And the primary sources of fat was pork and the rank next to pork were soybean oil in large city, instant noodle in small city and rice in rural. Rice contributed the most to total carbohydrate followed in order by instant noodle, bread, apple and kimchi. Crude fiber was impartially provided from various foods such as kimchi, red pepper powder, apple, red pepper and radish. Number of foods providing 90% of nutrient intake were 41 for energy, 43 for protein, 32 for fat, 19 for carbohydrate and 29 for crude fiber. Among region, mean amount of nutrients intake didn't show any significant differences(p>0.05). In conclusion, rice was found to be the most important sources of various nutrients.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

An insertion sequence identified as a solo long terminal repeat (LTR) of a new rice copia-like retrotransposon was detected in the ORE of the Pi-b gene from the rice cv. Nipponbare, and was designated as Osr1. Osr1 consists of a 6386 bp nucleotide sequence including 965 bp LTRs on both ends with an 82％ nucleotide sequence identity to the wheat Tarl retrotransposon on reverse transcriptase. Nucleotide divergence was noted among the individual LTRs, as well as the coding region of Osr1. Various restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of LTR were detected in indica cultivars, whereas, only a few could be detected in the japonica cultivars. The population of Osr1 is lower in the wild-type rice compared with that in the domesticated cultivars. The insertion of LTR sequence in the h-b gene in the susceptible cultivar suggested that retro-tyansposon-mediated insertional mutation might play an important role in the resistance breakdown, as well as in the evolution of resistance genes in rice.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

We performed diagnostic PCR assays and a phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of TEF1 (translation elongation factor-1) to determine the trichothecene chemotypes and genetic diversity of F. graminearum isolates from maize and rice samples collected in 2009 in Korea. PCR using a species-specific primer set revealed a total of 324 isolates belonging to the putative F. graminearum species complex. PCR with trichothecene chemotypespecific primers revealed that the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype was predominant among the fungal isolates from rice (95%) in all provinces examined. In contrast, the predominant chemotype among the corn isolates varied according to region. The deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype was found more frequently (66%) than the NIV chemotype in Gangwon Province, whereas the NIV chemotype (70%) was predominant in Chungbuk Province. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all DON isolates examined were clustered into lineage 7, while the NIV isolates resided within lineage 6 (F. asiaticum). Compared with previous studies, the lineage 6 isolates in rice have been predominantly maintained in southern provinces, while the dominance of lineage 7 in maize has been evident in Gangwon at a slightly reduced level.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2011

Conventional staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotypes of the non-genetically modified (GM) parental rice line, 'Nakdong' (Oryza sativa L. japonica), and its four GM rice lines, LS28 (event LS30-32-20-1), Cry1Ac1 (event C7-1-9-1), and LS28 ${\times}$ Cry1Ac1 (events L/C1-1-3-1 and L/C1-3-1-1) were analyzed using 5S and 45S rDNAs as probes. Both parental and transgenic lines were diploids (2n=24) with one satellite chromosome pair. The lengths of the prometaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.50 to $6.30{\mu}m$. Four submetacentric and eight metacentric pairs comprised the karyotype of 'Nakdong' and its four GM lines. One pair of 5S rDNA signals was detected near the centromeric region of chromosome g in both the parental and transgenic lines. The 45S rDNA signals were detected on the secondary constrictions of the satellite chromosome pair in both the parental and transgenic lines. There was no significant difference in chromosome size, length, and composition between 'Nakdong' and its four GM lines. This research was conducted as a preliminary study for chromosomal detection of transgenes in GM rice lines and would be useful for their breeding programs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.394-408
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• 2007

Several genes/QTLs governing resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported and mapped in rice. A QTL for submergence tolerance was found to be co-located with a major QTL for broad-spectrum bacterial leaf blight (bs-blb) resistance on the long arm of chromosome 5 in indica cultivars FR13A and IET8585. Using the Nipponbare (japonica) and 93-11 (indica) genome sequences, we identified, in silico, candidate genes in the chromosomal region [Kottapalli et al. (2006)]. Transcriptional profiling of FR13A and IET8585 using a rice 22K oligo array validated the above findings. Based on in silico analysis and arraying we observed that both cultivars respond to the above stresses through a common signaling system involving protein kinases, adenosine mono phosphate kinase, leucine rich repeat, PDZ/DHR/GLGF, and response regulator receiver protein. The combined approaches suggest that transcription factor EREBP on long arm of chromosome 5 regulates both submergence tolerance and blb resistance. Pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase, co-located in the same region, are candidate downstream genes for submergence tolerance at the seedling stage, and t-snare for bs-blb resistance. We also detected up-regulation of novel defense/stress-related genes including those encoding fumaryl aceto acetate (FAA) hydrolase, scramblase, and galactose oxidase, in response to the imposed stresses.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient load balance from rice paddy fields with different topographies, alluvial plain and local valley. Continuous monitoring from May to September, 2013 was conducted for water quantification and qualification from alluvial plain in Yeoju region (32 ha) and local valley in Jincheon region (24 ha). The discharge rates of T-N from the alluvial plain were 57.2, 5.84, 22.7, and $5.20kg\;ha^{-1}$ for irrigation, precipitation, drainage, and percolation, respectively. In case of local valley, T-N loads were 34.6, 4.73, 21.1, and $4.15kg\;ha^{-1}$ for irrigation, precipitation, drainage, and percolation, respectively. In contrary, the T-P loads from the alluvial plain were 2.23, 2.22, 2.54, and $0.41kg\;ha^{-1}$ for irrigation, precipitation, drainage, and percolation, respectively. In case of local valley, T-P loads were 1.44, 1.57, 1.82, and $0.34kg\;ha^{-1}$ for irrigation, precipitation, drainage, and percolation, respectively. The nutrient contents in drainage water were influenced by the amount of waters, rainfall, and surface drainage water. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that rainfall was significantly correlated with nutrient loads from July to August due to the amount of runoff in local valley paddy field, and irrigation was related with nutrient loads of drainage from July to August. This study showed that paddy rice farming in alluvial plain and local valley might be beneficial to water quality protection.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 1999

Three rice cultivars, Namweonbyeo (early maturing), Hwaseongbyeo (medium maturing) and Dongjinbyeo (medium-late maturing) were trans-planted with 3 different seedling ages to investigate their growth habits and to improve the cultural method in paddy fields in the southern plain area of the Honam region in 1993. The 10-day old seedlings had more vigorous elongation of plant height and higher tillering ability but lower effective tiller rate, when compared with 35-day or 40-day old seedlings. Leaf area index and top dry weight were lower in 10-day old seedlings up to 40 days after transplanting but thereafter, were not different among seedlings ages. CGR was later in 10-day old seedlings, up to 30 days after transplanting, but in 30 to 40 days after transplanting, it was reversed. RGR was the highest in infant seedlings to 40 days after trans-planting, while in 50 days after transplanting, it was reversed. Panicle number and spikelet number per square meter were the highest in 40-day old seedlings, next highest in 35-day old seedlings and the lowest and in adult seedlings up to 40 days after transplanting, while spikelet number per panicle was vice versa. Milled rice yield did not vary significantly by seedling ages, but among the varieties, it was less in Hwaseongbyeo compared with Naweonbyeo and Dongjnbyeo.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2009

The insecticidal toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most commonly used in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this research, we analyzed Bt rice showing lepidopteran pest-resistance. The Bt gene is a synthetic Cry1Ac composed of optimal codons for plants, and the Bt protein is targeted to the chloroplast by a transit peptide. Three Cry1Ac rice events (C103-3, C127-1, and C7-1) were analyzed for molecular characterization. C103-3 contains two copies of T-DNA where the left border (LB) region is truncated. Both C7-1 and C127-1 have a single copy of T-DNA, but a part of the vector backbone DNA is inserted into the genome of C127-1; thus, only C7-1 had intact T-DNA. Progenies of C7-1 crossed with the original cultivar, Nakdong, and double-haploid lines from anther culture of lines crossed with the elite cultivar, Dongjin, were analyzed for T-DNA flanking genomic DNA and genotyping. Results showed that an intact T-DNA region without the vector backbone was inserted into the genome and was stably inherited through generations. The C7-1 homozygous event could be used as breeding material to develop GM rice with pest resistance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2003

Maltitol 첨가가 가래떡의 노화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 검토하였다. 노화현상은 시차주사열량기 (differential scanning calorimeter), 전분의 재결정화, 색깔의 변화정도를 측정, 비교 하였다. 그 결과 maltitol 첨 가량이 증가할수록 노화가 억 제되었는데 특히 실온에서는 냉장조건에서보다 엔탈피는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. DSC 흡열곡선의 경우 호화개시온도는 전반적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 경시적으로 증가하였다. 최대호화온도(Tp)의 경우에는 maltitol 첨가량을 증가할수록 최대호화온도는 낮아졌다. 용음 엔탈피의 경우는 실온, 냉장조건에서 maltitol을 첨가했을 때 다소 감소한 경향을 나타내었다. 또 X-ray의 회절도 실험에서도 maltitol을 첨가했을 때 가래떡은 crystalline region이 나타나지 않아 가래떡의 노화가 억제하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Maltitol 첨가에 따른 가래떡 색깔변화를 보면 maltitol을 첨가한 경우에는 가래떡의 관능적 품질의 안정화 즉 색깔안정화에 기여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

본 연구는 전남지역 시군에서 생산, 유통되고 있는 브랜드쌀의 품질평가를 실시하여 연차간 변이와 유통쌀의 품질에 미치는 요인을 분석하고자 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전남의 연중 브랜드쌀 품질 변이는 도요윤기치 3.1%, 백도 2.1%, 단백질함량 1.6%, 수분함량 1.0%, 완전미율 0.4% 순으로 컸고 4월 이후부터 품질특성이 저하되었다. 2. 연차별 브랜드쌀 품질 변이는 단백질함량(5.6%), 도요윤기치(5.2%)가 컸고 백도(2.7%), 완전미율(1.8%)은 상대적으로 낮았다. 3. 식미치와 단백질함량은 최저기온, 일조시간, 강수량, 일교차와 높은 상관을 보였고 완전미율은 일교차와 부의 상관을, 분상질립율은 강수량과 높은 정의 상관을 보였다. 4. 단백질함량, 수분함량, 백도, 완전미율 등 밥맛과 상관이 높은 항목을 이용한 식미추정회귀식 산정 결과 y = - 6.71a + 2.27b + 1.29c + 0.51d - 15.34 ($R^2$=0.51*)이었으며 이 때 y는 관능식미, a는 단백질함량(%), b는 수분함량(%), c는 백도, d는 완전미율(%)이었다.