• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2011

메타조설퓨론(metazosulfuron)은 기계이앙벼 일년생 및 다년생잡초 방제약제로서 이앙 후 15일에 ha당 30kg 사용토록 농약품목등록 예정이다. 예비시험 결과, 방제가능 일년생잡초로는 피, 가막사리, 여뀌바늘, 물달개비 등 7초종, 다년생잡초로는 너도방동사니, 벗풀, 올방개, 올챙이고랭이 등 4초종이다. 설포닐우레아계 제초제 저항성잡초인 물달개비, 알방동사니 및 올 챙이고랭이도 동시에 방제할 수 있다. 또한 처리적기 폭이 넓어 제초제 살포시기를 살포자 임의로 조절할 수 있으며, 벼 품종에 대한 약해도 없었다. 그리고 환경에 미치는 영향은 적었다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.211-214
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• 2008

Haploid system by anther culture allows the development of homozygous lines when doubled. The response of anther culture to Basta (glufosinate) resistance was investigated on transgenic plants (cv. Anjungbyeo) in order to identify inheritance of bar gene associated with Basta. Most of the regenerated transgenic plants were sterile, and only a few plants produced viable seeds ($A_1$) in the greenhouse. The bar gene was analysis by PCR in basta resistant transgenic plant ($TA_0$). The transgenic seeds ($A_1$) were significantly germinated in Basta solution compared with non-transformed seeds. As a result of anther culture, in regenerated haploid plants, segregation ratio was 1:1 in five of eight cross combinations. In diploid plants, segregation ratio was 1:1 in seven of eight cross combinations. Although there was some differences in the cross combinations, most of the combinations had 1:1 segregation ratio which supports the theory. The difference may be a result of the small sample size or the difference of anther culture response caused by genotypic difference. Hence, when many cross combinations were anther-cultured the results would support the theory.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.111-111
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• 2003

Several fungal isolates were isolated from diseased monochoria(Monochoria vaginalis, weed of paddy field), which has an resistance to sulfonyl urea(S.U.) herbicide, and were evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse as potential mycoherbicide. Eight fungi, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Paenicillium sp and etc. were observed in the isolates. Pathogenicity testing were done on the monochorias in the greenhouse. Monochorias were inoculated with suspensions containing conidia of each isolate at the rates of 1.0 ${\times}$ 10$\^$5/ conidia/ml and 0.1％ Tween 80 with hand-gun sprayer. Curvularia sp. and an unidentified fungal isolate caused 90-95％ mortality on the monochorias 15∼20 days after inoculation. However the other isolates induced slight symptom of disease on the monochorias. In the early stage of disease development sun-burn appearance was shown at the infected site and the last infected leaves and stems were withered to death. Subsequently the pathogenicity on the rice was evaluated with above two effective isolates. From the test an unidentified isolate showed pathogenicity on the rice but Curvularia sp., named as DBB2003, didn't. Now the mass production and formulation using Curvularia sp. DBB2003 are in progress and the field test will be followed. Combination product with Curvularia sp. DBB2003 and chemical herbicide will be more effect to control the monochoria resisted on S.U. herbicide and need to be further tested.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2017

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is one of the worst weeds in rice (Oryza sativa), but there are few reports about the genetic diversity and herbicide resistance of barnyardgrass in Vietnam. In this study, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and greenhouse testing to study the genetic diversity and quinclorac resistance levels of 15 Echinochloa crus-galli populations in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and the state of Arkansas, U.S. The quinclorac resistance of Echinochloa crus-galli populations in Vietnam was confirmed; 9 populations were resistant to quinclorac with R/S ratios ranging from 1.9 to 6.3. Six oligonucleotide primers produced a total of 55 repeatable bands of which 46 were polymorphic (83.3% average) among the 15 populations. Genetic distance was calculated, and cluster analysis separated the 15 populations into 2 main clusters with the genetic distances within the clusters ranging from 0.09 to 0.39. The two main clusters were divided into 7 subclusters, and the quinclorac resistant and susceptible populations were located randomly within each subcluster. Six out of 13 weed populations from Vietnam belonged to one cluster and a single Echinochloa species. The remaining 7 populations were identified as potentially different species in the Echinochloa genus. Nine Echinochloa populations from Vietnam were tested and identified as quinclorac resistant. The connection between quinclorac resistance levels and weed groups defined by RAPD analysis in the study is unclear; the quinclorac resistance of each resistant population could have evolved individually, regardless of differences in genetic diversity and location of the sampled populations.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 1982

호남지역(胡南地域)에서 논 다년생(多年生) 우점잡초(優占雜草)인 올미의 효과적(効果的)인 약제방제(藥鄭防除)를 위하여 혼합제(混合劑)인 Butachlor + Naproanilide, CG 113 + Naproanilide, Benthiocarb +Naproanilide를 공시(供試)하여 1982년(年)에 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 올미의 괴경(塊莖)은 토양중(土壤中)에서 10cm 이내(以內)에 92%가 분포(分布)되어 있었으며 이앙후(移秧後) 40 일(日)까지는 계속 발생개체수(發生個體數)가 증가(增加)하나 그 이후(以後)에는 減少(減少)하였다. 2. 올미의 방제효과(防除効果)는 perfluidone에 비(比)하여 Naproanilide 혼합제(混合劑) 처리(處理)에 의하여 발생개체수(發生個體數) 및 건물중(乾物中)이 적었으며 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 95% 이상(以上)의 높은 방제율(防除率)을 나타냈고 일년생(一年生) 방제율(防除率)도 높았다. 3. 올미의 괴경형성수(塊莖形成數)는 각(各) 약제처리(藥劑處理) 모두 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)하여 적었으며 초기(初期)나 중기(中期) 처리(處理) 공(共)히 Naproanilide 혼합제(混合劑)에서 Perfluidone이나 2, 4-D보다 괴경형성수(塊莖形成數)가 적어 괴경형성억제(塊莖形成抑制) 효과(効果)가 컸다. 4. CG 113 + Naproanilide는 일(日)/인(印) 교잡계통(交雜系統)인 이리(裡里) 358 호(號)에서 최초(最初) 벽자(蘗子)의 엽선단(葉先端)이 엽초(葉効)에 붙어 만곡(彎曲)하는 약해(藥害) 징상(徵象)이 나타났으나 약(約) 10일(日) 이내(以內)에 회복(回復)되었다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.292-305
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• 2017

아시아태평양지역의 잡초연구자들이 모여 각 국의 문제 잡초를 파악하고 토론하여 향후 잡초연구 발전방향과 전망에 대한 논의가 있었다. 제26차 아시아 태평양잡초학회는 일본 교토에서 개최되었으며 우리나라를 포함한 25개국 458명이 참석하여 20개 분야에서 325편의 학술발표가 진행되었다. 주요 연구분야로는 제초제저항성잡초, 제초제 이용, 제초제 개발, 잡초의 생태, 상호대립억제작용, 잡초관리, 외래잡초 등이었다. 이 중 제초제저항성잡초 분야는 전체 17.0%를 차지하여 가장 비중 있는 연구분야로 나타났다. Florpyauxifen-benzyl ester, triafamone, fenquinotrione, tolpyralate 등과 같은 새로운 제초제의 개발과 이용에 관한 연구들도 발표되었다. 향후 특정국가뿐만 아니라 아태지역에서는 농촌인구 감소 및 노동의 질 저하를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 제초제의 새로운 제형 및 살포방법 개발 등이 병행되어야 하며, 각 국에서는 다소 차이는 있지만 잡초성벼와 외래잡초가 미래에 심각한 문제로 대두될 것이고 해결책을 공동으로 마련해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

Heteroplasmic rice plastid transformant was generated using suspension cells as bombardment materials. PCR analyses confirmed incorporation of aadA and cp4-epsps genes into the rice plastid genome by homologous recombination events via the flanking sequences of the trnI and trnA. Transplastomic calli were actively proliferated when cultured on AAM2 medium supplemented with various concentrations (500-3000 mg/L) of streptomycin in dark condition, and transplastomic suspension cells showed resistance to nonselective herbicide, glyphosate. Through 'agarose pie selection' method, heteroplastomic calli, containing considerably high level of transplastome and expressing the CP4 EPSPS protein, were obtained. They were further regenerated to green shoots with healthy roots.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2009

친환경농업에 대한 관심과 요구도가 높아지고 있는데, 잡초 방제는 친환경적으로 벼를 재배하는 데 있어 어려운 점이다. 쌀겨 펠렛을 10a당 100${\sim}$300kg을 처리하면 잡초 방제가는 46${\sim}$69%로 제초제를 사용하지 않아도 논 잡초를 방제할 수 있는 효과가 있었다. 그런데, 쌀겨 펠렛을 10a당 200kg이상 시용할 때 쌀의 단백질 함량이 높아 식미치가 떨어지는 경향을 보였으므로, 밑거름을 50% 절감 사용하여 단백질 함량이 높아지는 것을 막아 식미치를 높이되 수량은 떨어지지 않도록 하는 것이 합리적일 것으로 여겨진다. 쌀겨에 비해 목초액과 현미식초는 잡초 방제 효과가 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 제초제 사용량을 절감하고자 기준량인 10a당 butachlor 150g의 25${\sim}$50%를 줄여서 사용하는 경우에는, 쌀겨를 같이 처리하면 잡초 방제가가 높아졌다. 즉, 제초제를 기준량의 반만 사용하였을 경우에 쌀겨를 10a당 100kg 병용처리하면, 잡초 방제가는 63%에서 75%로 높아졌다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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• pp.210-232
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• 1998

Tong-il, the high-yielding rice variety bred on early 1970, effected a turning point in modern rice production in Korea. As rice production reached the highest record yield in 1978 with HYV, Korea achieved self-sufficiency in domestic supply of rice (or the first time in (her own) history, HYV required high input of fertilizers and pesticides for proving its yielding ability and needed new techniques such as early nursery-planting to prevent chilling damage. But, farm economy did not follow the successful achievement of rice production because of increased farming cost and inflation.'Tong-il variety has been replaced by new high-yielding Japonica varieties from 1980 when record-low-temperature during summer months had persisted. Also, the cooked rice of Tong-il variety did not agree with the appetite of Korean people. Though the hectarage of Tong-il rice did reduce, farmers applied the same high-input cultural techniques for new Japonica cultivars as did for Tong-il variety. Heavy application of nitrogen fertilizer contaminated surface and ground water with nitrate ions while phosphorous fertilizer was blamed for algae pollution. Frequent spray of pesticide and herbicide reduced significantly the biotic population in paddy ecosystems including insects and soil microorganisms. The new technologies of the 21st century must be directed to produce safe food, to save natural resources, and to preserve a clean environment for human welfare. We need low-input sustainable farming techniques to provide high-yielding crops and to preserve a healthy ecosystem.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.556-561
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• 2010

Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein that is found in high concentrations in human milk. Human lactoferrin (hLF) has several beneficial biological activities including immune system modulation and antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we devolved a method of hLF expression through introducing the hLF gene construct into Oriza sativa cv. Nakdong using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. The expression of the hLF gene under the control of the rice glutelin promoter was detected in the seeds of transgenic rice plants. Transformed rice plants were selected on media containing herbicide(DL-phosphinothricin) and the integration of hLF cDNA was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The expression of the full length hLF protein from the grains of transgenic rice plants was verified by Western blot analysis. The lactoferrin expression levels in the transformed rice grains determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay accounted for approximately 1.5% of total soluble protein. Taken together, these data indicate that rice grains expressing hLF can be directly incorporated into infant formula and baby food.