• 농업과학연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.199-214
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• 1977

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 우리나라의 각지방(各地方)에서 밭못자리 검정(檢定)에 의(依)한 수도(水稻) 품종(品種)의 도열병(稻熱病) 발생(發生) 양상(樣相)을 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하여 저항성(抵抗性) 품종육성(品種育成)을 위(爲)한 기초(基礎) 자료(資料)를 얻고자 도열병(稻熱病) 판별품종(判別品種) 및 주요품종(主要品種) 129개(個)와 잡종계통(雜種系統) 30조합(組合)을 수원등(水原等) 6개(個) 지역(地域)에서 1976~'77년(年)에 걸쳐 실시(實施)한 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 3종(種)의 도열병(稻熱病) 판별품종(判別品種) Set를 사용(使用)하여 6개(個) 지역(地域)의 우점(優占) race의 차이(差異)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 지역간(地域間) 우점(優占) race의 차이(差異)는 인정(認定)되었으나 정확(正確)한 지대(地帶) 구분(區分)은 할 수 없었다. 2. 일본형(日本型) 품종(品種)과 Indica${\times}$Japonica육성품종(育成品種)은 저항성반응(抵抗性反應)의 지역간(地域間) 차이(差異)가 서로 다르게 나타났다. 3. 수원(水原)과 임실(任實)에서 잡종계통(雜種系統)들의 도열병(稻熱病) 저항성반응(抵抗性反應)도 서로 달랐다. 4. 도열병(稻熱病) 밭못자리 검정(檢定)에서 조사(調査) 시기별(時期別) 저항성반응(抵抗性反應)의 진전(進展)에 의(依)하여 3종(種)의 품종군(品種群)으로 분류(分類)할 수 있었다. 5. 엽도열병(葉稻熱病)에 고도(高度)의 저항성(抵抗性) 반응(反應)을 보인 품종(品種)은 일반적(一般的)으로 수수도열병(穗首稻熱病)이 거의 발생(發生)하지 않았으나 예외(例外)도 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.329-341
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversities of major rice blast resistance genes among 84 accessions of aromatic rice germplasm. Eighty four accessions were characterized by a dominant 11 set of PCR-based SNP and CAPS marker, which showed the broad spectrum resistance and closest linkage to seven major rice blast resistance (R) genes, Pia, Pib, Pii, Pi5 (Pi3), Pita (Pita-2), and Pi9 (t). The allele specific PCR markers assay genotype of SCAR and STS markers was applied to estimate the presence or absence of PCR amplicons detected with a pair of PCR markers. One indica accession, Basmati (IT211194), showed the positive amplicons of five major rice blast resistance genes, Pia, Pi5 (Pi3), Pib, Pi-ta (Pi-ta2), and Pik-5 (Pish). Among 48 accessions of the PCR amplicons detected with yca72 marker, only five accessions were identified to Pia gene on chromosome 11. The Pib gene was estimated with the NSb marker and was detected in 65 of 84 accessions. This study showed that nine of 84 accessions contained the Pii gene and owned Pi5 (Pi3) in 42 of 84 accessions by JJ817 and JJ113-T markers, which is coclosest with Pii on chromosome 9. Only six accessions were detected two alleles of the Pita or Pita-2 genes. Three of accessions were identified as the Pi9 (t) gene locus.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2008

Blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most damaging diseases in rice. The use of resistant varieties is an effective measure to control the disease, however, many resistant varieties were broken down to their resistance effects by the differentiating of new virulent isolates. This study was done to analyze the haplotypes of 31 microsatellite markers linked to five major R genes and two QTLs and to identify the alleles for the putatively novel genes related to durable resistance to blast in 56 Korean japonica and four indica varieties. The 31 microsatellite markers produced 2 to 13 alleles(mean = 5.4) and had PICi values ranging from 0.065 to 0.860(mean=0.563) among the 60 rice accessions. Cluster analysis based on allele diversities of 31 microsatellite markers grouped into 60 haplotypes and ten major clusters in 0.810 genetic similarity. A subcluster IV-1 grouped of early flowering varieties harboring Piz and/or Pi9(t) on chromosome 6 and Pita/Pita-2 gene on chromosome 12. The other subcluster V-1 consisted of four stable resistance varieties Donghae, Seomjin, Palgong and Milyang20. The analysis of putative QTLs associated with seven blast resistance genes using ANOVA and linear regression showed high significance to blast resistance across regions and isolates in the markers of two genes Piz and/or Pi9(t) and Pita/Pita-2. These results illustrate the utility of microsatellite markers to identify rice varieties is likely carrying the same R genes and QTLs and rice lines with potentially novel resistant gene.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2008

한국에서 육성한 131개 벼 품종을 이용하여 한국과 필리핀 도열병 균주에 대한 저항성 양상을 조사하여 벼 도열병 저항성 육종연구를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 한국과 필리핀에서 밭못자리 검정을 실시한 결과, 전체 품종의 평균 잎도열병 발병정도는 한국에서 4.6으로 필리핀에서 2.0보다 2배 이상 높게 나타났으며, 시험품종 가운데 양국에서 저항성 반응이 서로 다르게 나타난 품종의 비율이 60.3%로 나타났다. 2. 양국에서 수집된 도열병 균주를 이용한 유묘접종검정 결과, 한국 수집 도열병 균주들이 필리핀 수집 균주들보다 병원성이 강한 것으로 나타났는데, 시험품종을 침해하는 비율이 가장 높았던 균주는 한국 균주에서는 93-093, 필리핀 균주에서는 92329-9이었으며, 각각 68.7%와 47.3%의 품종 침해비율을 나타내었다. 3. 도열병 저항성 반응이 다른 9개 품종을 이용한 내구저항성 평가 결과, 팔공벼, 섬진벼, 태백벼, 삼강벼, 밀양23호 등 5품종은 한국 및 필리핀 균주를 이용한 연계검정에서 공히 낮은 병반면적율을 나타내어 내구저항성 품종으로 구분되었다. 4. 한국 연계검정에서 내구성이 낮았던 일품벼와 기호벼는 필리핀 균주를 이용한 연계검정에서 일품벼는 내구저항성이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 기호벼는 3차 파종부터 병반면적율이 급격히 증가하는 경향을 나타내어, 품종의 내구저항성 평가는 환경에 존재하는 친환성 균주수와 균주와 품종간 친화성 정도가 병의 진전 및 확산에 함께 관여하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2000

Infection with rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) significantly reduced foliar net photosynthesis (A) of rice cultivars: Ilpoom, Hwasung, and Choochung in greenhouse experiments. By measuring the amount of diseased leaf area with a computer image analysis system, the relation between disease severity (DS) and net photosynthetic rate was curvilinearly correlated (r=0.679). Diseased leaves with 35% blast symptom can be predicted to have a 50% reduction of photosynthesis. The disease severity was linearly correlated (r=0.478) with total chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) per unit leaf area(TC). Light use efficiency was reduced by the fungal infection according to the light response curves. However, dark respiration (Rd) did not change after the fungal infection (p=0.526). Since the percent of reduction in photosynthesis greatly exceeded the percent of leaf area covered by blast lesions, loss of photosynthetic tissue on an area basis could not by itself account for the reduced photosynthesis. Quantitative photosynthetic reduction can be partially explained by decreasing TC, but cannot be explained by decreasing Rd. By photosynthesis (A)-internal CO$_2$ concentration (C$_i$ curve analysis, it was suggested that the fungal infection reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, and inorganic phosphate regeneration. Thus, the reduction of photosynthesis by blast infection was associated with decreased TC and biochemical capacity, which comprises all carbon metabolism after CO$_2$ enters through the stomata.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2024

Pakistan is a top producer and exporter of high-quality rice, but traditional methods are still being used for detecting rice diseases. This research project developed an automated rice blast disease diagnosis technique based on deep learning, image processing, and transfer learning with pre-trained models such as Inception V3, VGG16, VGG19, and ResNet50. The modified connection skipping ResNet 50 had the highest accuracy of 99.16%, while the other models achieved 98.16%, 98.47%, and 98.56%, respectively. In addition, CNN and an ensemble model K-nearest neighbor were explored for disease prediction, and the study demonstrated superior performance and disease prediction using recommended web-app approaches.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2004

최근 비교적 재배면적이 넓은 일미벼, 대산벼, 동안벼와 이들의 모본들로 구성된 23품종의 유전적 다양성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1999년에서 2001년에 잎도열병과 이삭도열병이 심하게 발병한 일미벼. 대산벼, 동안벼는 밀양95호를 모본으로 육성되었다. 2. 밀양95호를 모본으로 하는 품종들에 대해 SSR 마커를 이용하여 유전적 다양성을 조사한 결과 57개 유전자좌위에서 170개(평균 3.0개)의 alleles이 관찰되었으며 대립유전자수는 2개에서 7개까지 다양하였다. 특히, RM249, RM206, OSR20은 6개 이상의 대립유전자를 가져 근연의 자포니카 벼품종간의 유전적 다양성 평가에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 3.증폭된 밴드의 유무를 바탕으로 품종간 유전적 거리를 산출하여 군집분석을 실시한 결과 크게 4개의 군으로 나뉘었으며 일미벼, 대산벼, 동안벼는 모본인 밀양95호와 유전적 배경이 매우 유사하였다. 4. 같은 계보상의 품종들에 대해 도열병 저항성 유전자 인근의 마커를 이용한 유전적 다양성 분석결과가 계보도와 일치하여 이들 품종들의 저항성 유전자형 또한 유사할 것으로 추청할 수 있었다. 5. 조사품종의 계보상의 allele 전이를 분석한 결과 11번 염색체의 RM254의 3번째 allele과 12번 염색체의 OSR32의 2번째 allele이 밀양95호로부터 계속 전이되었음을 알 수 있었으며 이들 alleles의 도열병 이병화와의 연관성 여부는 추후에 검토가 이루어져야할 것이다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2004년도 The 2004 KSPP Annual Meeting & International Symposium
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• pp.48-52
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• 2004

We have found the role of rice mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), OsEDR1, as controling hypersensitive response (HR) and increased disease resistance to rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Generation of transgenic rice plants through introduction of the over-expression construct of OsEDR1 using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation results in lesion mimic phenotype. Up-regulation of defense mechanism was detected through detection of increased transcription level of rice PBZ1 and PR1a. Inoculation of rice blast fungus on the lesion mimic transgenic lines displayed significantly increased resistance. The disease symptoms were arrested like HR responses which are commonly detected in the incompatible interactions. High accumulation of phenolic compounds around developing lesions was detected under UV light. There was variation among transgenic lines on the timing of lesion progression as well as the lesion numbers on the rice leaves. Transgenic lines with few lesions also show increased resistance as well as equal amount of grain yields compared to that of wild type rice cultivar Nipponbare. This is the first report of the MAPKKK as a positive regulator molecule on defense mechanism through inducing HR-like cell death lesion mimic phenotype. The application of OsEDR1 is highly expected for the development of resistant cultivars against rice pathogens.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.1-6
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• 1965

In Korea the most important plant industry is the rice-growing but she has not yet attained self-sufficiency with regard to rice which is the basic food of Korean. In the past, various measures of increasing rice production have been tried with some success but the increasing rate of did not show the sufficient result. Judging from experiences, disease control may be the most important factor which has influence on increasing of rice production in Korea. During the past 60 years three periods divided by the transition of rice diseases were noted, and especially the recent transition attracted much attention . That is, sheath blight and stripe which were minor diseases in the past have promptly spread all over the country and caused heavy losses to rice plant, and also local outbreak of bacterial leaf blight and dwarf were noticed. Various environmental factors are related to such transition of rice disease. Above all, cultivated varieties susceptible to these diseases, increase of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, earlier transplanting and density of transplanting are considered to be lucre closely related to the development of these diseases and successive development of blast. On the other hand. application of forage fungicides such as organic mercury compounds specific to blast contributed to reduce prevalent area if blast in spite of wide spread of susceptible varieties and increase of application of nitrogenous fertilizer. These facts were confirmed by Korean investigators At the present which various diseases to control coexist in the same region, no one variety resistant to all of these diseases is provided and cultural practices for the control of these diseases often do not produce sufficient yield of rice. it is emphasized that a role of pesticides is very great.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.406-417
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• 2020

Early warning services for crop diseases are valuable when they provide timely forecasts that farmers can utilize to inform their disease management decisions. In South Korea, collaborative disease controls that utilize unmanned aerial vehicles are commonly performed for most rice paddies. However, such controls could benefit from seasonal disease early warnings with a lead time of a few months. As a first step to establish a seasonal disease early warning service using seasonal climate forecasts, we developed the EPIRICE Daily Risk Model for rice blast by extracting and modifying the core infection algorithms of the EPIRICE model. The daily risk scores generated by the EPIRICE Daily Risk Model were successfully converted into a realistic and measurable disease value through statistical analyses with 13 rice blast incidence datasets, and subsequently validated using the data from another rice blast experiment conducted in Icheon, South Korea, from 1974 to 2000. The sensitivity of the model to air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation input variables was examined, and the relative humidity resulted in the most sensitive response from the model. Overall, our results indicate that the EPIRICE Daily Risk Model can be used to produce potential disease risk predictions for the seasonal disease early warning service.