• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2_spc호
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• pp.364-373
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• 2023

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of ruminants contains diverse microbes that ferment various feeds ingested by animals to produce various fermentation products, such as volatile fatty acids. Fermentation products can affect animal performance, health, and well-being. Within the GI microbes, the ruminal microbes are highly diverse, greatly contribute to fermentation, and are the most important in ruminant nutrition. Although traditional cultivation methods provided knowledge of the metabolism of GI microbes, most of the GI microbes could not be cultured on standard culture media. By contrast, amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes can be used to detect unculturable microbes. Using this approach, ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists have conducted a plethora of nutritional studies, many including dietary interventions, to improve fermentation efficiency and nutrient utilization, which has greatly expanded knowledge of the GI microbiota. This review addresses the GI content sampling method, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis and then discusses recent studies on the various factors, such as diet, breed, gender, animal performance, and heat stress, that influence the GI microbiota and thereby ruminant nutrition.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2022

The proportion of patients with end-stage ankle arthritis is increasing. The leading surgical methods for treating patients with end-stage ankle arthritis are ankle arthrodesis and total ankle arthroplasty. Ankle arthrodesis is considered the standard treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. Many studies have been conducted on the two procedures, but it is unclear which is superior, and total ankle arthroplasty cannot be said to be a clear indication. Therefore, this review compares the advantages and disadvantages of two representative surgical methods for treating end-stage ankle arthritis.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.247-248
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• 2023

The unit curtain wall is an exterior finish currently used on the exterior walls of high-rise buildings. Although the structural impact is not significant due to the non-strength wall, in the case of the unit curtain wall to which the factory manufacturing method is applied, deformation of the profile may occur according to its own weight. Therefore, in this study, stability is evaluated through design standard calculation applied when finishing the outer wall according to the design shape of the unit curtain wall profile.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-202
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• 2016

Most of the learning analytics research has investigated how quantitative data can affect learning. The information that is provided to learners has been determined by teachers and researchers based on reviews of the previous literature. However, there have been few studies on standard learning activities that are performed in e-learning environments independent of the teaching methods or on learning behavior data that are obtained through learning analytics. This study aims to explore the general learning activities and learning behaviors that can be used in the analysis of learning data. Learning activities and learning behavior are defined in conjunction with the concept of learning analytics to identify the differences between teachers' and learners' learning activities. Learning activities and learning behavior were verified by an expert panel review in an e-learning environment. The differences between instructors and learners in their usage were analyzed using a survey method. As results, 8 learning activities and 29 learning behaviors were validated. The Research has shown that instructors' degree of utilization is higher than that of the learners.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.47.3-47.3
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• 2021

In this talk I will review recent progress that the SDSS-IV / eBOSS collaboration has made in constraining cosmology from the clustering of galaxies, quasars and the Lyman-alpha forest. The SDSS-IV / eBOSS collaboration has measured the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift space distortion (RSD) features in the correlation function in redshift bins from z~0.15 to z~2.33. These features constitute measurements of angular diameter distances, Hubble distances, and growth rate measurements. A number of consistency tests have been performed between the BAO and RSD datasets and additional cosmological datasets such as the Planck cosmic microwave background constraints, the Pantheon Type Ia supernova compilation, and the weak lensing results from the Dark Energy Survey. Taken together, these joint constraints all point to a broad consistency with the standard model of cosmology LCDM + GR, though they remain in tension with local measurements of the Hubble parameter.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2022

This paper reviewed "unconscionability" as an exception to the independence principle of bank guarantees. Apart from fraud which has been recognized in most international jurisdictions, Uuconscionability would also be recognized as the exception to the legal principle, the so-called "fraud rule" or "an abuse of rights." Unconscionability exception is applied in the same manner as fraud and other exceptions to the principle of independence. The exception should allow guarantor to dishonor the drawings that abuse the independence principle. However, outright or manifest facts of the unconscionability must be established in order to apply the exception. Lots of arguments or conflicts may be caused in applying the unconscionability exception. Therefore, this study aims to prevent institutional abuses or to reduce the disputes from setting up the legitimate scope and standard for application of the exception by reviewing these procedural issues and problems under bank guarantee transactions. This paper also suggested practical implications and countermeasures for the institutional application.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effects of international trade in intermediate input on the implications of international business cycle properties in Korea. To do this, I have extended standard one goods New Keynesian international business cycle model to incorporate the role of intermediate inputs. After constructing the DSGE model, I have analysed the impulse response function and varian decomposition results. The results show that the model could introduce a new channel, that is, "cost channel" like Eyquem and Kamber (2014). In other words, the model has changed the dynamics of aggregate inflation by the cost channel. When the trade in intermediate goods increase, which is measured by openness of foreign input, the volatility of output, consumption and inflation increase two or three times. However, the model itself fails to explain the full account of cycle behavior of historical data, but the results imply that the trade in intermediate input assumption can help to improve the forecasting ability of international business cycle models.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.433-447
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the current status of Industry 4.0 policies in India and provide holistic policy recommendations in the transition towards Industry 4.0. The study was conducted based on the content-centric review of written policy documents like policy memoranda (memos), green papers and white papers, policy briefs, policy reports, opinion pieces, and newspaper and academic publications on Industry 4.0. India lacks infrastructure, regulatory framework, architectural reference model, incentives, skills, and standard roadmap towards Industry 4.0. The current policy status and policy recommendations presented in this study can serve as a great asset for academicians, policymakers, and practitioners to prepare a holistic roadmap for Industry 4.0 policy implementation. The study is first to assess India's current policy status and compare with Germany towards Industry 4.0. Besides, it is expected to assist government policymakers in formulating tangible policy outputs and strategic roadmaps.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1555-1568
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• 2021

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal disease if the diagnosis or treatment is delayed. Currently, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is considered the standard imaging method for diagnosing PE. Dual-energy CT (DECT) has the advantages of MDCT and can provide functional information for patients with PE. The aim of this review is to present the potential clinical applications of DECT in PE, focusing on the diagnosis and risk stratification of PE.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.37.1-37.16
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• 2022

Autoimmune diseases are caused by a dysfunction of the acquired immune system. In a subset of autoimmune diseases, B cells escaping immune tolerance present autoantigen and produce cytokines and/or autoantibodies, resulting in systemic or organ-specific autoimmunity. Therefore, B cell depletion with monoclonal Abs targeting B cell lineage markers is standard care therapy for several B cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. In the last 5 years, genetically-engineered cellular immunotherapies targeting B cells have shown superior efficacy and long-term remission of B cell malignancies compared to historical clinical outcomes using B cell depletion with monoclonal Ab therapies. This has raised interest in understanding whether similar durable remission could be achieved with use of genetically-engineered cell therapies for autoimmunity. This review will focus on current human clinical trials using engineered cell therapies for B cell-associated autoimmune diseases.