• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

In this study, we estimated the number of secondary COVID-19 infections caused by students with potential transmission potential home. When the existing Monte Carlo method was applied to Korean data, the average number of household members of the second COVID-19 infected was predicted. The summary of this study is as follows. First, in general, the number of secondary infections by students returning home from school is greatly influenced by the virus infection rate of each student group they contact while returning home from school. Korea-based empirical research on this is needed. Second, the number of secondary infections by Korean students was relatively lower than that of previous studies. This can be interpreted as being due to the domestic furniture structure. Third, unlike previous studies that assumed the distribution of secondary infected individuals as normal distribution, assuming a negative binomial distribution, the number of secondary infected individuals was sensitively changed according to the estimated parameters. Interpretation of this result shows that the number of secondary infections may vary depending on the time of decision making, the target region, and the target student group. Finally, according to the results of this analysis, a proposal was made to support education policy decisions.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.53
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• pp.348.1-348.6
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• 2018

We report a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in a 61-year-old businessman returning from Kuwait. The patient arrived there on August 16, 2018, developed watery diarrhea on August 28 (day 0), and came back to Korea on September 7 (day 10) as his condition worsened. Upon arrival, he complained of diarrhea and weakness, but denied any respiratory symptoms, and he directly went to visit an emergency room. Chest radiography revealed interstitial infiltrates in the lungs, and he was immediately transferred to an isolation unit. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of sputum samples taken on day 11 returned positive for MERS-CoV. No secondary MERS-CoV infection was identified among people who had close contact with him. This case underscores the importance of a high index of suspicion of MERS-CoV infection in any febrile patients who present after a trip to the Middle East.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.861-877
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• 1999

The hand is a very specialized organ that functions to obtain information and to execute motor acts essential to human interaction with the environment. Loss of hand function through infections affects the mechanical tasks that the hand performs and psychological adjustments to their disability. Infection is a disastrous complication of hand injuries and adequacy of circulation is of greatest importance to prevention of infection. Careful debridement, incision, and adequate drainage and antibacterial treatment are of great importance. Optimal care of the infected hand demands that carefully surgical care, early postoperative exercises and other therapy. Hand rehabilitation has grown as a specialty area of both physical and occupational therapy. It is essential that the surgeon and therapist work together, and communicate freely-all of which generally require daily contact. Treating the psychological loss suffered by the patient with a hand infections is an integral part of the rehabilitation therapy as well. Treatment techniques, Whether thermal modalities or specifically designed exercises, are used as a bridge to reach a further goal of returning to functional performance.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

Initial treatment of multidirectional instability of the shoulder would be a thorough rehabilitation program. If rehabilitation fails to resolve a patient's symptoms, the most commonly performed surgical procedure remains the inferior capsular shift. Eleven patients who had disabling multidirectional instability of the shoulder were managed with the inferior capsular shift. All of the procedure were performed by means of an anterior approach and a laterally based capsular shift. All of the patients were the contact athletes. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the inferior capsular shift procedure in the contact athletic patients, to review the loss of external rotation postoperatively and to discuss their return to sports. Mean follow up duration was 14.5 months(range, 12 to 24). Pain was relieved postoperatively in all cases and most patients could get stability except one case of recurrent subluxation. The average loss of external rotation and forward flexion after the operation were Y and 30 at last follow up. By the rating scale from American Shoulder and Elbow Society, overall scores improved from 49 points to 85 points. The results were excellent or good in 9 patients(82%) out of 11 patients. In reference to return to sports, 10 patients(91 %) of 11 patients returned to their sports with 7 patients (64%) returning at the same levels of competitiveness. The inferior capsular shift procedure was considered to be a recommendable method for the management of the multidirectional instability of the shoulder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.537-542
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• 2010

The goal of this study was to investigate how spectrographic features of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rats vary among individuals and behaviors. Eighteen pairs of rats were allocated to individual pair cages. Each pair's behaviors and vocalizations were recorded during the 900s a known cage-mate was returning to the cage. The effects of individuals, behaviors, and the interaction between individuals and behaviors ($individuals{\times}behaviors$) were tested on the duration and peak frequencies. There was difference in the duration and peak frequency: i) among individuals (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively); ii) among behaviors (p = 0.0667 and p<0.0001, respectively); iii) among individuals${\times}$behaviors (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). The frequency of ultrasonic vocalizations changed with a frequency ranging from 40 to 71 kHz which were emitted by individuals, whereas the frequency of ultrasonic vocalizations changed with a frequency ranging from 60 to 70 kHz which were emitted by behaviors. The peak frequency of call on 'contact' behavior was lower than that of call on other behaviors, but call duration of call on 'contact' was longer than on other behaviors. Especially, 40 kHz calls were found on 'contact' and 'other' behaviors. We suggest that ultrasonic vocalizations need to be subdivided and the effects of individuals and behaviors must be considered to assess emotional state of rats because these may influence the features of ultrasonic vocalizations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.781-788
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• 2013

Grunt(stick-slip) noise happens between rear lining and drum on braking condition while vehicle is returning to steady position after nose-dive. The study presents a new testing and analysis methods for improving brake grunt noise on vehicle. Grunt noise is called a kind of stick slip noise with below 1 kHz frequency that is caused by the surfaces alternating between sticking to each other and sliding over each other with a corresponding change in friction force. This noise is typically come from that the static friction coefficient of surfaces is much higher than the kinetic friction coefficient. For the identification of the excitation mechanism and improvement of grunt noise, it is necessary to study variable parameters of rear drum brake systems on vehicle and to implement CAE analysis with stick slip model of drum brake. The aim of this study has been to find solution parameters throughout test result on vehicle and dynamo test. As a result of this study, it is generated from stick slip between rear lining and rear drum and it can be solved to reduce contact angle of lining with asymmetric and is effected not only brake drum strength but also rear brake size and brake factor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.743-749
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• 2012

Grunt (Stick-slip) noise happens between rear lining and drum on braking condition while vehicle is returning to steady position after nose-dive. The study presents a new testing and analysis methods for improving brake grunt noise on vehicle. Grunt noise is called a kind of stick slip noise with below 1kHz frequency that is caused by the surfaces alternating between sticking to each other and sliding over each other with a corresponding change in friction force. This noise is typically come from that the static friction coefficient of surfaces is much higher than the kinetic friction coefficient. For the identification of the excitation mechanism and improvement of grunt noise, it is necessary to study variable parameters of rear drum brake systems on vehicle and to implement CAE analysis with stick slip model of drum brake. The aim of this study has been to find solution parameters throughout test result on vehicle and dynamo test. As a result of this study, it is generated from stick slip between rear lining and rear drum and it can be solved to reduce contact angle of lining with asymmetric and is effected not only brake drum strength but also rear brake size and brake factor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.727-735
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• 2007

The use of water by cities is increasing owing to industrialization, the concentration of population, and the enhancement of the standard of living. Accordingly, the amount of waste water is also increasing, and the degree of pollution of the water system is rising. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to remove organisms and suspended particles as well as the products of eutrophication such as nitrates and phosphates. This study developed a high-end treatment engineering solution with maximum efficiency and lower costs by researching and developing a advanced treatment engineering solution with the use of Biosorption. As a result, the study conducted a test with a $50m^3/day$ Pilot Scale Plant by developing treatment engineering so that only the secondary treatment satisfies the standard of water quality and which provided optimal treatment efficiency along with convenient maintenance and management. The removal of organisms, which has to be pursued first for realizing nitrification during the test period, was made in such a way that there would be no oxidation by microorganisms in the reactor while preparing oxygen as an inhibitor for the growth of microorganism in the course of moving toward the primary settling pond. The study introduced microorganisms in the endogeneous respiration stage to perform adhesion, absorption, and filtering by bringing them into contact with the inflowing water with the use of a sludge returning from the secondary settling pond. Also a test was conducted to determine how effective the microorganisms are as an inner source of carbon. The HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time) in the nitrification tank (aerobic tank) could be reduced to two hours or below, and the stable treatment efficiency of the process using the organisms absorbed in the NAR reactor as a source of carbon could be proven. Also, given that the anaerobic condition of the pre-treatment tank becomes basic in the area of phosphate discharge, it was found that there was excellent efficiency for the removal of phosphate when the pre-treatment tank induced the discharge of phosphate and the polishing reactor induced the uptake of phosphate. The removal efficiency was shown to be about 94.4% for $BOD_5$. 90.7% for $COD_{Cr}$ 84.3% for $COD_{Mn}$, 96.0% for SS, 77.3% for TN, and 96.0% for TP.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-68
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to survey the influence of the culture change on the dress and personal adornments, and to survey the change of factors from the August 15. 1945 to 1960, in connection with the social and cultural background, applying B. Malinowski′s "Theory of Culture Change" which means an acculturation is the change′s elements of the dress and its ornaments. It is remarkable that the dress and personal adornments of Korean women after August 15, 1945 has great change from the traditional dress of the thousands years. Through the Liveration on August 15, 1945, American military government and the establishment of the Korean government, American democracy has brought many changes on Korean society. Advancement of education, an society with developed economic life, and introduction of scientific skill have influenced on the women′s way of thinking and a style of behavior and the view of value. The acculturation, the supply of mass communication, introduction of new institution and the reorganization of the old institution, the change of the economic situation, the change of the educational system, the change of the point of value, the development of scientific skill have greatly influenced on the dress and personal adornments. Modern dress and personal adornments of Korean women has the following developing procedure. The Liberation from Japan on the 15th, of August, 1945, the stationing of American Soldiers during hte Koran War, returning of the oversea′s brethern, and the mass communication have the direct and indirect contact with western civilization, and bring the occasion of development of the modern dress of Korean women. The increase of mass communication, such as radio, TV, newspaper, magazines and the frequent fashion shows showed fine design and practical western style dress to the women. This was the real beginning of the western style dress in Korea. By the increase of employment and the improvement of the economic situation, the consumption of clothing and the adornments was increased, so that a wide variety of fashions was set, and numerous kind and form of dress came in. As the increase of the number of women students, their practical and free dress life demanded western style dress. After the Liberation from Japan, the open-door policy of sex, public morals and traditional ethics became lax, and in this disordered society, indecent expose of the body was common. By the different kind of technological development, the form, fabrics, colors and patterns in clothes were much influenced and the hair style, make up, shoes and adornments were much influenced too. As shown above, the change of the dress has the same connection with that of society and culture. This shows that the dress and personal adornments represent clearly the cultural phenomenon of the society and cultural change of the society.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.51-65
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• 2010

This study attempts to examine how the perception of risk and customer satisfaction influence the intention to recommend when selecting a Korean restaurant. 257 copies of the questionnaire for the Chinese students studying in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do are analyzed. Three hypotheses were established and the results are as follows. First, as a result of difference analysis about perception of risk depending on dining types, there are significant differences in all factors of preception of risk partially. Second, as a result of difference analysis of customer behavior depending on dining types, there are significant differences between revisit intention and recommendation intention, and dining motivation and preferred Korean menu. Third, the effects of 6 factors of perception of risk on customer behavior are analyzed, and there are decreased customer satisfaction as the customers perceive financial and psychological crisis highly.