• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.19-38
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• 2024

This study investigated the information needs of prisoners and the adequacy of information resources in prison libraries in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study. The population of the study was 1781 inmates in prisons in Anambra State. The sample size of 327 was selected using Taro Yamane's formula and proportionate stratified sampling techniques. Two instruments titled the Information Needs of Prisoners Questionnaire and the Adequacy of Information Resources Checklist were used for data collection. The instruments were validated by three experienced lecturers. One in the department of Educational Foundations (Measurement and Evaluation Unit) and two in the Department of Library and Information Science, all at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire items, with a value of 0.79. The researchers administered the questionnaires with the help of four research assistants (correctional officers). Out of 327 questionnaires administered, 314 were successfully retrieved. The percentage return rate of distributed questionnaires is 96%. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of the mean; also, the International Federation of Library Association (IFLA) guideline for library services to prisoners was also used as a yardstick for the measurement of adequacy. The results from the data analysis indicated that prisoners have diverse information needs that, when met, would help them during their stay in prison as well as when they are eventually released; these needs include legal information, information on prison rules, financial information, and others. While there were few information resources found to be adequate, the inadequacy of most of the listed information resources is recorded in prison libraries in Anambra State, Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that information resources be made adequately available for prisoners in relation to their information needs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2024

Background: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a key treatment method used with patients in cardiac arrest who do not respond to medical treatment. A critical step in initiating therapy is the insertion of ECMO cannulas. Peripheral ECMO cannulation methods have been preferred for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Methods: Patients who underwent ECPR at Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between January 2017 and May 2023 were included in this study. We analyzed the impact of 2 different peripheral cannulation strategies (surgical cutdown vs. percutaneous cannulation) on various factors, including survival rate. Results: Among the 99 patients included in this study, 66 underwent surgical cutdown, and 33 underwent percutaneous insertion. The survival to discharge rates were 36.4% for the surgical cutdown group and 30.3% for the percutaneous group (p=0.708). The ECMO insertion times were 21.3 minutes for the surgical cutdown group and 10.3 minutes for the percutaneous group (p<0.001). The factors associated with overall mortality included a shorter low-flow time (hazard ratio [HR], 1.045; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.019-1.071; p=0.001) and whether return of spontaneous circulation was achieved (HR, 0.317; 95% CI, 0.127-0.787; p=0.013). Low-flow time was defined as the time from the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the completion of ECMO cannula insertion. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality was observed between the surgical and percutaneous groups. However, regardless of the chosen cannulation strategy, reducing ECMO cannulation time was beneficial, as a shorter low-flow time was associated with significant benefits in terms of survival.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6D
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• pp.771-778
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• 2011

Preliminary feasibility study on Busan metro line #1 in Yangsan line (Nopo-Bukjeong) depending on active volume of mass transportation between Yangsan city and Busan city was conducted. As the study concluded that it's valid, the necessity to establish the metro railroad network connecting to Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam Province is demanded to improve the transportation issues in Ungsang area vulnerable to metro service and to drive the balanced development between metropolitan cities. In addition, the volume of transportation depending on methods in target areas and road traffic assignment are surveyed to put a stress on the necessity to establish the metro railroad network. As the demand of transportation for alternative lines is predicted, the budget and benefits for construction for each alternative line set for the rough economic analysis depending on traffic volume for each method and traffic assignment results. The total project budget necessary for construction of proposal line #1 set as effective one among target three lines in this project is calculated in 794.32 billion won. Construction accounts for the most expensive in expenses for project and contingency allowances, purchases for vehicles and collateral expense are followed in orders. However, compensation for lands is not counted. In particular, according to economic analysis in proposal #1, ratio of benefit/cost (B/C) is 0.584, net present value (NPV) is -217.47 billion won, the internal rate of return (IRR) is analyzed in 0.604 %. At the current stage, it is not economically feasible, but the B/C is 0.737 in long-term upon construction of Yangsan line between Wolpheong and Yongdang which is proposal line #3. Therefore, when Busan metro basic plan is reorganized to aim the benefit of residents in Ungsang area vulnerable to the metro service, we think it must be necessary to establish the metro railroad network connecting to Busan-Yangsan-Ulsan which is proposal line #2 by extending the existing Sinjeong line and including this task line in high-ranked plan related to metro railroad.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-200
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in middle-aged patients and determine the factors affecting the outcome. Subjects and Methods : Clinical results obtained from 60 cases (60 patients) older than 40 years of age at the time of surgery and 58 cases (58 patients) younger than 40 years of age who underwent ACL reconstruction between August 1988 to January 2002, return to sports activity, and stress radiographs using Telos instrument were compared. Results : The Lysholm knee score was improved from the preoperative score of 54.0 points to the postoperative score of 92.9 in patients older than 40 years of age and was improved from 56.2 points to 92.2 points in patients younger than 40 years of age. Clinical outcome was excellent in 51 cases $(85\%)$ and good in 9 cases $(15\%)$ in patients olde. than 40 years of age and was excellent in 47 cases $(81.0\%)$ and good in 11 cases $(19.0\%)$ in patients younger than 40 years of age. There was a significant difference in the rate of returning to preoperative sports activity between patients older than 40 years of age ($60\%$, 36 cases) and younger than 40 years ($82.8\%$, 48 cases). According to Telos stress radiography, the preoperative difference of 11.2 mm was decreased to the postoperative difference of 3.1 mm in patients older than 40 years of age and the preoperative difference of 10.7 mm was decreased to the postoperative difference of 2.9 mm in patients younger than 40 years of age. Clinical outcome did not show significant correlation with age, gender, surgery method, the presence of additional injury, and the rate of return to sports activity before receiving injury (p>0.05). Conclusion : Age didn't have a significant influence on the final outcome of ACL reconstruction and good results could be obtained with ACL reconstruction even in middle-aged patients.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.1-30
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• 2001

To prevent the VAT evasion and to form a sound VAT paying culture, we can draw the policy directions for government as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the tax supervision of small business and the administration of tax sources of cash-income industry. Second, the tax-deductible rate of the received tax invoices should be increased in a short-term base, and a simplified taxation system should be abolished in a long-term base. Third, in cases a trader has not received a tax invoice, an additional tax should be applied. Forth, to issue the tax invoice faster and conveniently, it is requested to introduce a new system which issues electronic card of registration when a businessman applies for his/her business registration. Fifth, to make tax standard transparent, it is desirable to punish the violator, relating to credit card regulations, stricter than present and to enforce the electronic bookkeeping. Sixth, for the reduction of noncompliance rate and creating a climate for autonomous, faithful tax return, it is necessary to expand and intensify tax investigation. And also it is necessary to make the level of penalty tax higher up and the level of criminal punishment less down, to keep up tax audit coverage. Seventh, a trader who is eligible for simplified taxation, whose tax base is under 12,000 thousand won, should not be required to pay the value added tax. But it is desirable to cut down them for the fairness of tax burden. Eighth, the effective date of the revised tax law should be fixed. Ninth, it is necessary to reinforce publicity and to educate on tax system and administration, for reducing tax evasion or tax avoidance and encouraging faithful tax return. Tenth, as the tendency of VAT evasion of distribution industry turns out to be the highest, it is requested not only to intensify tax administration on them but also to establish system and incentives, for introducing information system in distribution industry(introducing POS system, computerization of transaction record, establishing EDI between traders).

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2002

Purpose: In this prospective, randomized study, we compared the results of early motion versus conventional immobilization after the arthroscopic Bankart repair. Materilal and Methods : We performed an arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors in 62 patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability and randomized them into two groups; Group 1 (n=28; mean age, 28 years) underwent three-week of immobilization and conventional rehabilitation program, while Group 2 (n=34; mean age, 29 years) underwent an accelerated rehabilitation program with staged range of motion and strengthening exercises starting from the immediate postoperative day. Selected patients were non-athletes with a classic Bankart lesion and a robust labrum. Analysis of outcome included pain scores (6-week and follow-up: 31(9 months), range of motion, return to activity, recurrence, patients’ satisfaction with each program, and shoulder scores (ASES, UCLA, and Rowe). Results : The recurrent rate was not different between the two groups (2 anterior apprehension from each group) (p=0.842). Patients with accelerated rehabilitation resumed functional range-of-motion faster and returned earlier to the functional level of activity (p<0.05). Accelerated rehabilitation decreased postoperative pain and more patients were satisfied with this program (p<0.05). No differences were found between the two groups at the follow-up with regards to the shoulder scores, return to activity, pain score, and the range-of-motion. Conclusions : Early mobilization after arthroscopic Bankart repair does not increase the recurrence rate in selected patients. Although the final outcomes are similar in both groups, the accelerated rehabilitation program promotes functional recovery and reduces postoperative pain, which enables patients an early institution of desired activities.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2018

This study analyzes the economic feasibility on the transition of production structure to increase income for a local forest village in Laos PDR. The study area was the Nongboua village in Sangthong district where the primary product is rice from rice paddy. Possible strategies were considered to increase the villagers' revenue, and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) was production in the short-term. We assumed that the project period was for 20 years for the analysis, and a total of 1,100 Noni tree was planted in 1 ha by $3m{\times}3m$ spacing. This study classified basic scenario one, scenario two, scenario three by the survival rate and purchase pirce of Noni. Generally Noni grows well. However, the seedlings' average survival rate (= production volume) was set up conservatively in this study to consider potential risks such as no production experience of Noni and tree disease. The scenario one assumed that the survival rate of Noni seedlings was 50% for 0-1 years, 60% for 0-2 years, and 70% for 3-20 years; the scenario two, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, and 60%; and the scenario three, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, 60% and purchase price 10% less, i.e., $0.29 to $0.26, respectively. Our analysis showed that all 3 scenarios resulted in economically-feasible IRR (internal rate of return) of 24.81%, 19.02%, and 16.30% of with a discounting rate of 10%. The B/C (benefit/cost) ratio for a unit area (1ha) was also analyzed for the three scenarios with a discounting rate of 10%, resutling in the B/C ratio of 1.71, 1.47, and 1.31. The study results showed that the Nongboua village would have a good opportunity to improve its low-income structure through planting and managing alternative crops such as Noni. Also the results can be used as useful decision-making information at a preliminary analysis level for planning other government and public investment projects for the Nonboua village.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.506-514
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• 2013

This study examined the feasibility on the construction of a wood industrialization service center for a wood industry cluster establishment in Jeollanam-do. Construction of the wood industrialization service center is based on a discount rate of 3.5%, an investment period of 4 years, a business operations period of 16 years and an investment cost of 24600 million won; the total amount of the net present value, the cost-benefit ratio and the internal rate of return were assumed to be 2.579 million won, 2.51%, and 10.1%, respectively. In addition, the production inducement coefficient, the induced production effect, the income-induced coefficient, the income inducement effect, the employment inducement coefficient, and the employment inducement effect were estimated 1.4345, 35287 million won, 0.1655, 4000.7 million won, and 0.4665, 1,145 people, in the effects of the wood related industries using the multi-regional input-output model, respectively. Financial independence of operating income to cover its own costs incurred in accordance with the operating project might be practicable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2017

A membrane bioreactor by sequentially alternating the inflow and by applying a two-stage coagulation control based on pre-coagulation was evaluated in terms of phosphorus removal efficiency and cost-savings. The MBR consisted of two identical alternative reaction tanks, followed by aerobic, anoxic and membrane tanks, where the wastewater and the internal return sludge alternatively flowed into each alternative reaction tank at every 2 hours. In the batch-operated alternative reaction tank, the initial concentration of nitrate rapidly decreased from 2.3 to 0.4 mg/L for only 20 minutes after stopping the inflow, followed by substantial release of phosphorus up to 4 mg/L under anaerobic condition. Jar test showed that the minimum alum doses to reduce the initial $PO_4$-P below 0.2 mg/L were 2 and 9 mol-Al/mol-P in the wastewater and the activated sludge from the membrane tank, respectively. It implies that a pre-coagulation in influent is more cost-efficient for phosphorus removal than the coagulation in the bioreactor. On the result of NUR test, there were little difference in terms of denitrification rate and contents of readily biodegradable COD between raw wastewater and pre-coagulated wastewater. When adding alum into the aerobic tank, alum doses above 26 mg/L as $Al_2O_3$ caused inhibitory effects on ammonia oxidation. Using the two-stage coagulation control based on pre-coagulation, the P concentration in the MBR effluent was kept below 0.2 mg/L with the alum of 2.7 mg/L as $Al_2O_3$, which was much lower than 5.1~7.4 mg/L as $Al_2O_3$ required for typical wastewater treatment plants. During the long-term operation of MBR, there was no change of the TMP increase rate before and after alum addition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2002

This study was carried out to improve the performance of heat recovery device attached to exhaust gas flue connected to combustion chamber of greenhouse heating system. Three different units were prepared far the comparison of heat recovery performance; A-type is exactly the same with the typical one fabricated for previous study of analyzing heat recovery performance in greenhouse heating system, other two types (B-type and C-type) modified from the control unit are different in the aspects of airflow direction (U-turn airflow) and pipe arrangement. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. In the case of Type-A, when considering the initial cost and current electricity fee required for system operation, it was expected that one or two years at most would be enough to return the whole cost invested. 2. Type-B and Type-C, basically different with Type-A in the aspect of airflow pattern, are not sensitive to the change of blower capacity with higher than 25m$^3$.min$^{-1}$ . Therefore, heat recovery performance was not improved so significantly with the increment of blower capacity. This was assumed to be that air flow resistance in high air capacity reduced the heat exchange rate as well. Never the less, compared with control unit, resultant heat recovery rate of Type-B and Type-C was improved by about 5％ and 13％, respectively 3. Desirable blower capacity of these heat recovery units experimented were expected to be about 25m$^3$.min$^{-1}$ , and at the proper blower capacity, U-turn airflow units showed better heat recovery performance than control unit. But, without regard to the type of heat recovery unit, it was recommended that comprehensive consideration of system's physical factors such as pipe arrangement density, unit pipe length and pipe thickness, etc., was required for the optimization of heat recovery system in the aspects of not only energy conservation but economic system design.