• 제목/요약/키워드: retraction

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REGULAR CLOSED BOOLEAN ALGEBRA IN SPACE WITH ONE POINT LINDELOFFICATION TOPOLOGY

  • Gao, Shang-Min
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2000
  • Let($X^{\ast},\tau^{\ast}$) be the space with one point Lindeloffication topology of space (X,$\tau$). This paper offers the definition of the space with one point Lin-deloffication topology of a topological space and proves that the retraction regu-lar closed function f: $K^{\ast}(X^{\ast}$) defined f($A^{\ast})=A^{\ast}$ if p $\in A^{\ast}$ or ($f(A^{\ast})=A^{\ast}-{p}$ if $p \in A^{\ast}$ is a homomorphism. There are two examples in this paper to show that the retraction regular closed function f is neither a surjection nor an injection.

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개심술후 발생한 일측성 성대마비 -2례 보고- (Unilateral vocal cord paralysis after open heart surgery -A report of 2 cases-)

  • 이종욱
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.522-526
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    • 1990
  • We have experienced 2 cases vocal cord paralysis after open heart surgery. One was a postoperatively developed right unilateral vocal cord paralysis after prosthetic mitral valve replacement with tricuspid valve annuloplasty. The other was a postoperative left unilateral vocal cord paralysis after prosthetic aortic and mitral valve replacement with tricuspid annuloplasty. They were intubated for forty-eight and seventy-two hours but after extubation complained of hoarseness, aphonia, anxiety, and ineffective coughing Indirect laryngoscopy performed at about postoperative one week, revealed partial paralysis and decreased mobility of the vocal cord. After active phonation therapy, symptoms were improved gradually and in the follow up indirect laryngoscopy, the vocal cord paralysis was improved. The symptoms were recovered completely at about postoperative one month in both. The cause of vocal cord paralysis after open heart surgery may be any retraction or stretching injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, especially right side, during median sternotomy retraction and open heart operation procedures. As a result, avoid of excessive spread of median sternotomy retractor and excessive manipulation and retraction of the heart during open heart procedures will reduce the occurrence of the vocal cord paralysis.

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Belief Function Retraction and Tracing Algorithm for Rule Refinement

  • Lee, Gye Sung
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.94-101
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    • 2019
  • Building a stable knowledge base is an important issue in the application of knowledge engineering. In this paper, we present an algorithm for detecting and locating discrepancies in the line of the reasoning process especially when discrepancies occur on belief values. This includes backtracking the rule firing from a goal node of the rule network. Retracting a belief function allows the current belief state to move back to another belief state without the rule firing. It also gives an estimate, called contribution measure, of how much the rule has an impact on the current belief state. Examining the measure leads the expert to locate the possible cause of problem in the rule. For non-monotonic reasoning, the belief retraction method moves the belief state back to the previous state. A tracing algorithm is presented to identify and locate the cause of problem. This also gives repair suggestions for rule refinement.

An Evidence Retraction Scheme on Evidence Dependency Network

  • Lee, Gye Sung
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we present an algorithm for adjusting degree of belief for consistency on the evidence dependency network where various sets of evidence support different sets of hypotheses. It is common for experts to assign higher degree of belief to a hypothesis when there is more evidence over the hypothesis. Human expert without knowledge of uncertainty handling may not be able to cope with how evidence is combined to produce the anticipated belief value. Belief in a hypothesis changes as a series of evidence is known to be true. In non-monotonic reasoning environments, the belief retraction method is needed to clearly deal with uncertain situations. We create evidence dependency network from rules and apply the evidence retraction algorithm to refine belief values on the hypothesis set. We also introduce negative belief values to reflect the reverse effect of evidence combination.

제II급 치조 전돌 환자에서 설측 견인 장치를 이용한 급속 견치 견인술 (Rapid canine retraction in a Class II bialveolar protrusion case using a lingually extended distraction screw)

  • 안광석;주억;박주영;유영규;차인호;이기준
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.308-320
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    • 2006
  • 견인골 신장술의 개념을 치주인대 조직에 적용한 Liou의 급속 치아 이동 술식은 이동할 견치의 원심부 골 삭제에 의한 치조골 저항의 최소화 및 근심부의 치주조직 견인에 의한 골 형성으로 요약된다. 이는 주로 제1소구치 발치 후 견치의 견인을 요하는 환자들에 적용되어 효과적으로 치료 기간을 단축하고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있으나 견인 중 견치의 경사 및 정출 등 문제점이 발생하기 쉬우므로 견인이 완료될 때까지 치체이동을 유도하며 경로를 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 본 증례에서는 이러한 급속견인의 예측가능성을 높이기 위해 설측으로 연장된 견인스크류를 순측의 견고한 안내선과 병행 적용하였다. 발치 직후 미리 제작된 견치 치근 모델을 적용하여 발치와의 깊이를 형성하고 또한 교정용 미니스크류 임플란트를 이용하여 고정원을 보강하였다. 이러한 방법을 적용하여 골격성 II급 관계 및 전치 돌출을 보이는 성인 여환에서 효과적인 견치 및 전치부 견인을 통해 치료기간을 13개월로 단축할 수 있었다. 우려했던 치수의 실활 혹은 치주조직의 병소는 발견되지 않았으며 치료 후 10개월 유지 시에도 양호한 교합관계 및 치주조직의 건강상태를 보였다. 본 증례에서 소개된 방법을 통하여 급속 견인을 필요로 하는 경우에 보다 예측 가능한 방법으로 효율적인 치료를 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

이차 구순비 변형 환자에서 Spacer Graft를 이용한 콧방울뒤당김(retracted ala)의 교정 (Correction of Retracted Ala Using Spacer Graft in Secondary Cleft Lip and Nose Deformity)

  • 한규석;최현곤;신동혁;김순흠;황은아;엄기일
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.376-382
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: In patients with unilateral cleft lip and nose deformity, alar retraction is commonly seen on the non-cleft side after cleft side is corrected. Spacer graft was used to drag down the inferior border of the alar cartilage of the non-cleft side so as to match the cleft side. By performing spacer graft and septal extension graft together, symmetry and cosmetic improvements were achieved. Methods: Seven unilateral cleft lip and nose deformity patients underwent surgery for alar retraction correction. The median age was 24 years (ranged from 15 to 34 years), and the median follow-up period was 7.4 months (ranged from 6 to 12 months). The perpendicular length from the longitudinal axis of the nostril to the alar rim, the nasolabial angle and the ala-labial angle were measured in the lateral view photo. The longest perpendicular length from the cephalic border of the alar rim to the parallel line of the alar base was measured in the frontal view photo. Results: Improvement in alar retraction was seen after the surgery. There were no specific complications during the follow-up and the symmetry of both nostrils was satisfactory. No increase in the nasolabial angle or exposure of the nostrils was seen after the tip projection via tip plasty. Conclusion: The fundamental factor in correcting alar retraction with secondary cleft lip and nose deformity is repositioning the alar rim with spacer graft, which seems to be more physiologic than other methods. The method combining spacer graft with septal extension graft will bring symmetry as well as more cosmetic improvement in correction of alar retraction with secondary cleft lip and nose deformity.

CONVERGENCE OF AN ITERATIVE ALGORITHM FOR SYSTEMS OF GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

  • Jeong, Jae Ug
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we introduce and consider a new system of generalized variational inequalities involving five different operators. Using the sunny nonexpansive retraction technique we suggest and analyze some new explicit iterative methods for this system of variational inequalities. We also study the convergence analysis of the new iterative method under certain mild conditions. Our results can be viewed as a refinement and improvement of the previously known results for variational inequalities.

<논문취소> 전남 지역 보건소 직원이 인지하는 조직성격유형과 조직시민행동 (농촌의학·지역보건 2011;36(1):47-59) (<Retraction> Organizational Personality Type and Citizenship Behaviors Perceived by Public Health Center Workers in Chonnam Province, Korea (J Agric Med Community Health 2011;36(1):47-59))

  • 조유향
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.191-191
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    • 2011
  • This article is retracted by the request of the author due to serious errors found in data analysis. The author would like to express sincere apologies to the readers for any inconvenience caused by this retraction.