• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2020

Background: Breastfeeding reportedly reduces the overall frequency of infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common respiratory pathogen in infants, involves recurrent wheezing and has a pathogenic mechanism related to airway structural damage. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether breastfeeding has a beneficial effect against RSV-induced respiratory infection compared to formula feeding among infants in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants under 1 year of age who were admitted with RSV infection between January 2016 and February 2018 at the department of pediatrics of 4 hospitals. We investigated the differences in clinical parameters such as cyanosis, chest retraction, combined infection, fever duration, oxygen use, oxygen therapy duration, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and corticosteroid treatment of exclusive breast milk feeding (BMF), artificial milk formula fed (AMF), and mixed feeding (MF) groups. Results: Among the 411 infants included in our study, 94, 161, and 156 were included in the BMF, MF, and AMF groups, respectively. The rates of oxygen therapy were significantly different among the BMF (4.3%), MF (8.1%), and AMF (13.5 %) groups (P=0.042). The odds ratios (ORs) for oxygen therapy was significantly higher in the AMF group than in the BMF group (adjusted OR, 3.807; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-11.90; P=0.021). The ICU admission rate of the BMF group (1.1%) was lower than that of the MF (3.5%) and AMF (4.5%) groups; however, the dissimilarity was not statistically significant (P=0.338). Conclusion: The severity of RSV infection requiring oxygen therapy was lower in the BMF than the AMF group. This protective role of human milk on RSV infection might decrease the need for oxygen therapy suggesting less airway damage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2006

Objective : This is a cadaver study to assess the accuracy of three cervical screw insertion techniques; the blind technique [Group I], the laminotomy technique [Group II], and the funnel technique [Group III]. Methods : Ten human cadavers embalmed with formaldehyde were prepared. After exposing the spinous processes, the laminas and the lateral masses, titanium alloy transpedicular screws were inserted from C3 to C7. A total of 100 pedicles were ramdomly assigned to one of three techniques [the blind technique : 31 screws, the laminotomy technique : 51 screws, the funnel technique: 18 screws]. Axial computed tomography with 1-mm slices, and sagittal and coronal reformation were performed to identify the accuracy of the screw insertion and the anatomic relationships. Results : In Group I, 9 screws [29%] were either contained within or penetrated less than 1mm, which were rated as successful. In Group II, 24 screws [47%] were successful. In Group III, 16 screws [89%] were successful. In the multiple comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between Groups I and III and between Groups II and III [$X^2$ test and Bonfenoni test]. Conclusion : The funnel technique can help a surgeon's understanding about the cervical pedicle more precisely than the other two techniques. The funnel technique is less dependent on lateral soft tissue retraction state.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

Objective : Young neurosurgeons need to focus on the mortality and morbidity of aneurysmal neck clipping to develop a personal experience with an initial series. Methods : Total 88 aneurysms from 75 patients who underwent neck clipping by the same operator from 2001 to 2004 were reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups : first year [Group I], second year [Group II], and third year [Group III] in each group. Location of aneurysm, age, Fisher grade, Hunter-Hess grade [H-H grade], postoperative Glasgow outcome scale [GOS], and complications related to surgical procedures were evaluated with Chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Results : Fourteen patients had complications related to surgery [18.7%]. The major causes of mortality and morbidity related to surgery were cerebral infarction, hemorrhage and brain swelling due to intraoperative rupture, brain retraction and vasospasm. Among the 4 cases of mortality were 2 patients in Group I, 1 patient in Group II and 1 patient in Group III, and location of aneurysms were 2 internal carotid artery[ICA] and 2 posterior communicating artery[PCoA] aneurysms. There were 4 morbidity and new neurological deficits in Group I, 4 in Group II and 2 in Group III. Although mortality and morbidity during the learning curve had a statistical significance in H-H grade, age [>60 years old], and aneurysm location [especially ICA aneurysm] as variables, mortality mainly occurred in ICA and PCoA aneurysms. Conclusion : Experienced supervision or endovascular approach should be considered for the treatment of ICA and PCoA aneurysms during the learning curve.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2012

Objective : Hemifacial spasm (HFS) caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is very rare, and in theses cases, it is difficult to decompress the nerve from its vascular compression. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of microvascular decompression (MVD) for HFS caused by VBD. Methods : There were 10 patients of HFS caused by VBD at our hospital between September 1978 and September 2008. We evaluated magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and time of flight magnetic resonance imaginge (TOF MRI) findings using the criteria for VBD. We compared the clinical outcomes of MVD for the 10 patients with VBD with the overall outcomes of the total 2058 MVDs performed for HFS. Results : The results of MVD for HFS caused by VBD were successful in 90.9% of cases. The postoperative complication rate in VBD was 45.5%. Offending vessels in patients with VBD were identified visually during surgery. Adverse effects after MVD were found in 4 patients. We found that the diameter of VBD was significantly greater in patients with complications than in those with no complications (p=0.028). Conclusion : Our data shows that MVD may be a good treatment modality for HFS caused by VBD but care must be taken to avoid adverse effects from the procedure. It is important to detach the dolichoectatic artery from its surrounding structures sufficiently to allow it to be easily movable. In addition, attempts should be made to lessen the retraction of the cerebellum during release of the dolichoectatic artery.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2010

Objective : A minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLlF) has recently been introduced. However, MIS TLlF is a technically challenging procedure. The authors performed retrospective analysis about MIS TLlF using a single interbody cage. Methods : Twenty-eight consecutive patients were treated by MIS TLlF. Of these 28 patients, 20 patients were included in this retrospective study. Perioperative, clinical, and radiologic outcomes were assessed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scores (VAS). Fusion rates and cross-sections of operated spinal canals were assessed by CT. Results : Twelve patients underwent MIS TLlF at one segment and 8 patients at two segments (L3/4: 4, L4/5: 17, L5/S1: 7). Operation time for a single segment was 131.7 min and for two segment was 201.4 min, and corresponding blood losses were 208.3 mL and 481.2 mL, respectively. ODI and VAS scores were significantly improved at 6 months postop (ODI from 30.32 to 15.54, VAS from 7.80 to 2.20, p = 0.001) Twenty-two segments (78.6%) achieved grade I fusion, 4 segments (14.3%) achieved grade II, 2 segments (7.1%) achieved grade III and 0 segments achieved grade IV at 12 months. Postoperatively at 12 months, spinal canal cross sectional areas at disc spaces significantly increased from 157.5 to $294.3\;mm^2$ (p = 0.012). Conclusion : MIS TLlF achieved good clinical outcomes and high fusion rates. Our findings show that MIS TLlF performed with a single Interbody cage and a tubular retractor system can be used as a standard MIS TLlF technique.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.447-457
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• 1994

Authors have studied retrospectively the facial nerve injury after TMJ surgery through the preauricular approach routine. The study material used was 4 patients of all 113 patients who were diagnosed as internal derangement and have been operated from March 1989 to February 1991 in Youngdong severance hospital, and were induced postoperatived facial nerve injury. The patient group who had the postoperative injured facial nerve was recognized degree of injury using the diagnostic method, Electromyography(EMG) and Nerve conduction test(NCT) which are used widely at present and was treated as conservative care and we identified the recovery time as the same method. The results as follows : 1. The meticulous care and precious surgical technique are needed in both operation and postoperation. During the TMJ surgery, the excessive retraction of the flap and frequent use of nerve stimulator and electric surgical knife should be avoided as possible and postoperative hematoma and swelling should be minimized. 2. The 4 patients were experienced with the postoperative facial nerve injury of all 133 patients who had been operated the TMJ surgery through the routine preauricular approach on our hospital. And the incidence of postoperative facial nerve injury happened was about 0.3% and its incidence was relatively low comparing with any other previous reports. 3. EMG and NCT were considered as useful methods which can diagnose the nerve injury objectively and identified the effect of treatment and recovery time. 4. The faical nerve-injured patients who were induced postoperatively after TMJ surgery, were diagnosed as second-degree nere injury through the EMG and NCT. And the patient group was treated well as conservative physical therapy for about 2 to 4 months.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 부산지역과 경남지역의 편의점의 주요 입지 요인을 파악하는 것이다. 이는 입지요인들과 매출 이익과의 상관관계분석을 실시하고 그 중 주요 상관관계 변수를 선택하여 회귀분석을 실시하여 각 요인들의 영향정도를 분석함으로서 파악 된다. 경쟁요인은 매출, 수익과 유의적인 결과가 나타났으며, 그 영향정도도 모든 입지요인 중에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타나 편의점 입지선정에서 가장 중요한 입지요인이다. 이를 통해 최근 편의점의 입지선정 기준을 제시하고 시사점을 제공함으로써, 편의점 예비창업자 및 점포개발자 뿐만 아니라 기타 소매점 점포 창업 준비자에게 입지선정방법에 대한 대응방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2020

예술 문화교육 진흥법은 한국의 예술과 문화교육에 관한 사항을 제도화한 것으로 역사적 관점에서 직업 전문성을 촉진하는 경향을 품고 있다. 특히, 예술 및 문화교육 분야 전문가들의 직업 정체성의 본질은 인적자원 개발에 대한 분석 및 토론에 관한 사항을 주요 초점으로 두고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 예술 및 문화교육 관행의 다양성을 강조하고 예술 및 문화교육 전문가의 직업 훈련의 경우 학제 간 접근방식을 고려하는 다양한 교과과정 및 프로그램을 기반 되어야함을 나타낸다. 이러한 점에서 전문가의 직업 정체성의 과도한 단순화는 예술과 문화교육의 다양성과 우수성에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 예술과 문화교육의 요구를 충족시키기 위해서는 대학 수준의 커리큘럼 및 훈련 프로그램 운영 전문가들의 실무분석을 기반하여 학제 간 접근을 통해 새로이 개발 및 수정되어야 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2000

Background: This study was aimed at analyzing the preoperative conditions post-operative results indication and methods of surgical closure of patent ducturs arterio년 in prematures low birth weight infants and neonates. Patients and Methods: We retro-spectively studied two groups of patients (prematures group and neonates group) who underwent surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus between March 1995 and June 1998. Results: The premature group consisted of 9 patients(3 males and 6 females) Their mean gestational period was 30.7 weeks(ranging from 26 weeks to 33 weeks) mean age 27.8 days(11 days to 55 days) and mean body weight 1.56 kg. Prominent preoperative symptoms were dependency on mechanical ventilation generalized edema and hepatomegaly. We performed PDA ligation via thoracotomy in all premature patients. The neonate group consisted of 16 patients and their mean body weight was 3.75 kg. Major symptoms of this group was tachypnea and intercostal retraction resistant to medical treatment. We performed video-assisted PDA clipping to them all. There were no postoperative complications or operation-related mortality in both groups. Comparing the ratio of size of PDA(mm)/body weight(kg) the ratio of premature group (ligation through thoracotomy) was higher than that of neonate group ( video-assisted clipping) that is 3,89:1.21(p=0.03) Conclusion : We conclude that the surgical closure of PDA can be a safe method of treatment for prematures low birth weight infants and neonates with compromised general conditions. Choice of surgical technique depends on the surgeon's preference but there was a tend-ency to choose the ligation method through thoracotomy for patients with small body weight and large PDA.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2009

원자힘현미경은 초미세크기의 물리적 특성을 규명하기 위한 수단으로서 지지 지질층의 물리적특성 규명에 이용되어 왔다. 원자힘현미경이 출현하기 이전에는 초미세관점에서 지지 지질층에서 발생하는 물리적 현상의 관찰이 전무하였다. 이 현미경은 탐침바늘(Cantilever)로 표면을 주사(Scanning)함으로써 표면의 초미세 형상(Morphology)을 제공하고 표면에 접근(Approach)했다가 후퇴(Retraction)하는 탐침바늘의 거동을 모니터링함으로써 힘곡선(Force Curve)을 나타낼 수 있다. 형상 파악을 통해 지지 지질층의 구조와 막 단백질이 지질층의 구조에 미치는 영향을 밝히는 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 힘곡선을 통하여 지지 지질층 표면 특성-기계적 정전기적 특성-에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 본 총설에서는 원자힘현미경을 이용하여 현재까지 진행된 지지 지질층의 구조와 표면 특성 연구에 대하여 소개하고 향후 연구 진행 방향에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.