• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Recently, there has been the gradual growth of the public in rural amenities, hobby farming works, much more urbanities, and especially near-retires. However, in spite of popular preference to ruralities, little has been known about their demand on retired rural life. Therefore, this study examined urbanites' attitude to preparatory works for out-migration, preferred residential site condition and life styles in the countryside. For the purpose, data were collected from the survey with the sample of 62 urban trainees who were studying farming technology in department of training on agricultural technology of Korea National Agricultural College, RDA. We carried out the experience farming to candidate with using the abandoned sericultural facilities which are the silkworm rearing house and mulberry fields. The 71% of urban trainees, who answered in this survey, hoped to move into countryside after retirement and to make a monthly income of $1,000 from agriculture. The age distribution of sericulural farmers is about 79% more than that of 60 years old. In the experience farming works. The two candidates made 1,977$ with net income through 32 days worked in spring season. In autumn season, the couple candidates made 1,317$ with net income through 23 days worked. Knowledge of these results will be important to policy-makers and to understand the role that retirement in-migration play in stimulating economic growth of rural agricultural farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.237-248
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of city dwellers' migration to the rural areas on the increase of their life satisfaction and its influencing variables. Using a quota sampling, 500 city dwellers across the country and 180 migrators to the Goesan Gun in the Chungcheongbuk-do were selected. The results showed that (a) most city dwellers want to move to the rural areas for their relaxation and rest for their retirement, but migrants' main goal is to realize their internally oriented values, (b) life satisfaction is more evident for migrants compared to city dwellers, and it is influenced by self-assessed income, self-perceived health and internally oriented value, and (c) migrators contribute to their own successful aging by using strategies of selection, optimization and compensation compared to city dwellers. The contribution of this paper is to identify and confirm that (a) migration to the rural areas is an effective way to increase individual's life satisfaction although goals of dwellers and migrators are different, (b) the specific influencing variable and their weights in increase of life satisfaction are unique in Korea, and (c) income level is a not sufficient condition but necessary condition. Several managerial implications and policy directions were suggested to help both migrators and potential migrators to settle successfully in the rural areas.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-118
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• 2017

This study examines the identities shifting experiences of the ethnic Chinese refugee migrants who have returned to Vietnam. Their complex and hybrid identities as diaspora is an analytical and empirical subject for this study. Since the Vietnamese government implemented the renovation (đổi mới) policy in 1986, the number of overseas Vietnamese returning to Vietnam for visit, work, investment and retirement has been increasing. Among the returnees, many are ethnic Chinese, as there were many Chinese Vietnamese in the Vietnamese refugee diaspora from Vietnam during the 1970s and the 1980s. When they left Vietnam they were called 'the Hoa' (Chinese) or 'Hoa kiều' (overseas Chinese). When they returned, however, they were recognised together with all other returnees into the category of Việt kiều (overseas Vietnamese). Although their 'Chinese' identity had once made them to risk their lives, their 'Vietnamese' identity brought them back to Vietnam at other turning points in their lives. The shifting identity of these returning Chinese Vietnamese has produced dynamic and complex migration stories and an intriguing category of hybrid diaspora.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-123
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• 2011

Recently, Southeast Asian people, its food, natural sceneries and so on have been increasingly exposed to Korean people through mass media and multi-cultural events. At the same time, Koreans can frequently encounter Southeast Asians in their everyday lives. Thus, specific images and discourses of Southeast Asia has been established in our society, which creates a new social trend called 'Southeast Asia phenomena'. In short, 'Southeast Asia phenomena' means a totality of Korean people's experience of Southeast Asian and their perception on the region. On the one hand, 'Southeast Asia phenomena' is a result of inflow of Southeast Asians and their culture into Korea. On the other hand, it is also a consequence of Korean people's understanding of Southeast Asia from their trip to Southeast Asia or from their interactions with Southeast Asian people. This article aims to analyze the origin and diffusion of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' in Korea in the context of Southeast Asia focusing on 4 topics, that is, migrant workers, overseas investments, retirement migration, study-abroad categorized as human movement. This article is also about a country-by-country comparative analysis both at the macro level and the micro level. At the macro level, overseas investments and trade, human exchanges, positive perception to Koreans which considered to be the structural causes become a strong mechanism playing a important bridge role between Korea and Southeast Asia. So these create the high probability of the emergence of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' At the micro level which is more direct causes of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena', the economic cause is the most important common cause for 4 Southeast Asian Phenomena. Additionally, Korean wave is also remarkable common cause creating 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' even it is not the origin in the context of Southeast Asia. The diffusion of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' is different by the topics and the elements contributing to create the favorable situation for the diffusion are not only overseas investments and trade, human exchanges at the macro level but also policy elements at the micro level. The relative differences of the causes of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' in the country-by-country analysis are found. Regarding overseas investments in Vietnam and Cambodia, the economic degree of freedom in Cambodia is higher than in Vietnam. Even Korean Wave has had the longer history in Vietnam, but the favorable perspectives on Korean Wave are stronger in Cambodia. For migrant workers from Vietnam and Indonesia, the economic causes in Vietnam are more significant than in Indonesia. The impact of Korean Wave is stronger in Vietnam than in Indonesia. In case of study-abroad, the social-cultural elements and policy elements are more diverse in Malaysia than in Korea. For the Korean retirees who immigrate to the Philippines and Malaysia, the economic causes in the Philippines is more significant in Malaysia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.3 s.20
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• pp.35-39
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• 2003

In this study, the longevity index was suggested for researches about social and environmental effects to human immorality and criteria for defining longevity area were developed using statistical analysis. Candidates indexes based on researches about the tend of human death ratio were investigated. As a result statistical analysis, ratio of population over 85 yearn old and over 65 years was selected as a longevity index. Statistical analysis on the longevity distribution at each district showed that 'eup' and 'myun' are appropriate spatial unit to study social and geographical characteristics of longevity. The spatial analysis using the $ArcView^{TM}$ with the suggested index shows the time dependent variances of degree of immorality and spatial relationship between degree of immorality and human migration.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.185-196
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• 1988

This study considers inter-jurisdictional fiscal externalities between a central city and suburbs, rigorously examines. and empirically tests the suburban-exploitation-of-central-cities hypothesis. Using micro-migra4ion data, house-holds 'intra-metropolitan migration between 1985 and 1990 Is examined based on a random utility model. It is found that efficient population distribution between a central city and suburbs can be achieved when local government stake into account inter-jurisdictional externalities. External aids from the federal and state governments should be given to public services such as education, welfare, health, and employee retirement services, if they intend to arrest central city decline. Regional tax sharifs can be another way of dealing with these externalities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2007

This study aims to develop rural house maintenance technique by researching and analyzing the demand for rural house by urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire. The target for the survey consisted of urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire at the ages between 40 and 65, and were divided into group A, the attendants in rural-related education, and group B, the non-attendants in rural-related education. The contents of the survey included the plan and purpose for rural settlement, the utilization form or residential form of rural house and its expected size, necessary in-house facilities, necessary community facilities, improvement and maintenance factors of rural house, political and legal support for the application of rural house maintenance, etc. The results findings of this study are as follows; 1)For both group, the major purpose of rural settlement appeared to be 'for rural life', utilization form of rural house to be 'acquired ownership or use of empty house', residential form to be 'cohabitation', expected size to be 'under $20{\sim}30$ pung', and expenditure to be 'under $50{\sim}100\;million$'. 2)Most wanted necessary in-house facilities included backyard, multipurpose storage room for group A, and backyard, garden for group B. Necessary community facilities included boardwalk, sewage disposal unit for group A, and boardwalk, shop for group B. 3)Improvement factor for rural house showed 'poor insulation' as first factor for both groups, and for maintenance factor, 'backyard', 'under-floor heating' for group A, and 'environmental-friendly materials', 'backyard' for group B. 4)Most wanted overall political and legal support included 'support on land and real estate supply' for group A, and 'medical and transportation service' for group B. For both group, most wanted support when purchasing a house included 'provision of information on house and realestate purchase', and for legal support, 'legal support for guaranteed house and maintenance' as first factor. The results of this study could be utilized to restructure the rural residence, which would meet the diverse demand of both rural residents and urbanites by providing an opportunity for urbanites to enjoy rural life.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.285-300
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• 2021

Background and objective: Rural migrants are an important human resource in urban and rural exchange (URE) business, therefore it is necessary to enhance their awareness and intent-to-participate. This study was to analyze the rural migrants' recognition and intent-to-participate of URE business and to propose the enhancement of them both. Methods: The questionnaire was designed to analyze the socio-demographic background, motivations, satisfaction with settlement, intent-to-persist, and intent-to-participate of URE business including tourism. The data of 144 respondents was subject to the statistical analysis. Results: The motives of migration were to enjoy leisure life after retirement, increased tiredness of city life, health problems, etc. The satisfaction with settlement was 3.67 at 5-point Likert scale. The intent-to-recommend and intent-to-publicize were 3.40 and 3.46, respectively. The intent-to-participate was 3.45, which was affected by the necessity of URE business and the support of central/local governments, and also showed a significant correlation with the satisfaction with settlement, intent-to-recommend, intent-to-publicize, tourism resources for green tourism or rural tourism, driving a car in Namhae county, and the service and price of meals. They thought the missions that the Namhae county office must focus on were to establish an internal/external public relations systems, establish a support system of central/local governments, and foster/support local leaders. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the satisfaction with settlement and intent-to-persist, expand exchanges with local people, improve internal/external public relations systems, foster/support leaders, improve transportation in the county, enhance the service and price of meals, and develop/operate URE programs including tourism.