• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.124-134
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• 2020

Here we review the evolutionary history of radiation therapy technology through the festschrift of articles in celebration of the 30th anniversary of Korean Society of Medical Physics (KSMP). Radiation therapy technology used in clinical practice has evolved over a long period of time. Various areas of science, such as medical physics, mechanical engineering, and computer engineering, have contributed to the continual development of new devices and techniques. The scope of this review was restricted to two areas; i.e., output energy production and functional development, because it is not possible to include all development processes of this technology due to space limitations. The former includes the technological transition process from the initial technique applied to the first model to the latest technique currently used in a variety of machines. The latter has had a direct effect on treatment outcomes and safety, which changed the paradigm of radiation therapy, leading to new guidelines on dose prescriptions, innovation of dose verification tools, new measurement methods and calculation systems for radiation doses, changes in the criteria for errors, and medical law changes in all countries. Various complex developments are covered in this review. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few reviews on this topic and we consider it very meaningful to provide a review in the festschrift in celebration of the 30th anniversary of the KSMP.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.98-116
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• 2022

The small GTPase RhoA has been studied extensively for its role in actin dynamics. In this study, multiple bioinformatics tools were applied cooperatively to the microarray dataset GSE64714 to explore previously unidentified functions of RhoA. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed 545 differentially expressed genes in RhoA-null cells versus controls. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted with three gene set collections: (1) the hallmark, (2) the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and (3) the Gene Ontology Biological Process. GSEA results showed that RhoA is related strongly to diverse pathways: cell cycle/growth, DNA repair, metabolism, keratinization, response to fungus, and vesicular transport. These functions were verified by heatmap analysis, KEGG pathway diagramming, and direct acyclic graphing. The use of multiple gene set collections restricted the leakage of information extracted. However, gene sets from individual collections are heterogenous in gene element composition, number, and the contextual meaning embraced in names. Indeed, there was a limit to deriving functions with high accuracy and reliability simply from gene set names. The comparison of multiple gene set collections showed that although the gene sets had similar names, the gene elements were extremely heterogeneous. Thus, the type of collection chosen and the analytical context influence the interpretation of GSEA results. Nonetheless, the analyses of multiple collections made it possible to derive robust and consistent function identifications. This study confirmed several well-described roles of RhoA and revealed less explored functions, suggesting future research directions.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.17A no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2010

A wireless sensor network(WSN) which roles as a mediator between living environment and computers in ubiquitous computing is very essential research area. Due to the constraint that sensor nodes should work in very resource-restricted circumstances, an operating system that can manage resources effectively is demanded. Also, a sensor network should be able to deal with many events quickly and simultaneously in order to respond to various physical changes in outer environment. The Sensor Network Operating System such as TinyOS, MANTIS and NanoQplus is much designed so that it can satisfy such requirement. But, for programmers who develop application program for sensor networks, they have lack of frameworks which the development is easily possible from restricted development environment. In this paper for this, we implemented a state machine framework apt for responsive systems in NanoQplus which is multi-thread-based sensor network operating system. In addition we propose an event broker module(EBM) for effective event dispatching, a message data structure for message sharing among state machines, and an execution module that handles messages and their queue and performs state transition of the machines. Furthermore, we could do the development more easily an application program with a state-based framework by developing CASE tools.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.283-300
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• 2011

Since elementary students are in the concrete operational stages, they have to learn mathematics using intuitive methods such as visualization, observation, operation, experiment instead of formal approach. For this, we should present the various intuitive methods in curriculum and textbook. It is because that curriculum and textbook are important tools to students when they study mathematics. So, this paper intended to analyze the instructional content by intuitive principle in elementary mathematics curriculum, textbook and curriculum guide. The results are as follows: there is an intuitive principle in only character of mathematics in curriculum. I can't find the intuitive principle in other areas in curriculum. There are 12 intuitive principles in figures area, 1 in measurement area, and 2 in probability and statistics area in curriculum guide. But intuitive principles which are used are inclined to restricted to intuitive principle via representation obtained in the usual experience. Finally, I suggest some implications about teaching via intuitive principles, curriculum, and writing textbook based on the this findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

Recently, concrete track is replacing ballast track for efficient and economic maintenance of track. It considerably offer less maintenance, a longer service life and reduced life-cycle costs. With the aim of achieving high-quality track construction work, of developing tools for quality assurance in new construction and for later technical inspection of material condition, a quality strategy has to be developed. For these purpose, NDT which is using the seismic wave has carried out in situ studies in the test construction section. The used NDT are SASW test, impact echo test and continuous impact echo test. The test is performed 5,353 times on 49 pre-cast concrete track panels to verify the stiffness structure and grouting efficiency of the track structure. To conclude, because of the non-homogeneous characteristic of concrete material. it is restricted to apply the elastic wave test at some aspect. However it is possible to acquisite a sufficient reliability about structural stiffness and grouting efficiency of concrete track.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.141-153
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• 2008

E-learning is a new paradigm of education using Internet media. E-learning is rapidly expanding, since it is not restricted by time and space. However, due to the lack of standardization in e-learning, learning contents are developed redundantly. SCORM has been proposed to address this standardization problems. The mere learning contents are shared, the higher the reusability of contents becomes. Therefore, it is needed to develop methods or tools to help educators or content producers to create a learning course easily. In this paper, we propose an association method that could help educators or content producers to efficiently generate learning courses for a subject. The association method, a learning course generation method suggested by this paper, makes use of existing learning courses and learning contents to create new learning courses suitable to a subject. The association method analyzes statistical information of leaning objects derived from existing learning courses and measures coherence between learning objects to create a learning course. The association method suggested by this paper not only supports educators or content producers for easy generation of learning course but also offers a guideline for developing learning courses.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.75-85
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• 2007

One of important factors for improving the learning achievement of students in computer programming education is to provide plenty of opportunities of problem-solving experiences through variety forms of assignments, However, for the most cases, evaluation of programming assignments is performed manually by instructors and automated tools for the accurate evaluation are not equipped at the present time. Under this restricted environment instructors need much work and time to grade assignments so that instructors could not deliver sufficient programming assignments to students, In order to overcome this problem. au automated programming assignment evaluation system is needed that would enable instructors to evaluate assignments easily in an effective and consistent way and also to detect any plagiarism activities among students in program source codes readily, Accordingly, in this paper we design and implement a Web-based programming assignment grading system that allows instructors to evaluate program performance automatically as well as to evaluate program styles and piagiarism easily with appropriate feedback.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

Recently, the mineral resource protection policies and regulations in production countries of natural resources including rare metals are becoming more stringent. Such environment makes which market has malfunction. In other word, those are not perfect or pure market. Therefore because each market of natural resources have special or unique characters, it is difficult to forecast their market prices. In this study, we constructed several models to estimate prices of natural resources using statistical tools like ARIMA and their business indices. And for examples, Indium and Coal were introduced.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system and can induce T cell response against virus infections, microbial pathogens, and tumors. Therefore, immunization using DC loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is a powerful method of inducing anti-tumor immunity. For induction of effective anti-tumor immunity, antigens should be efficiently introduced into DC and presented on MHC class I molecules at high levels to activate antigen-specific $CD8^+$ T cells. We have been exploring methods for loading exogenous antigens into APC with high efficiency of Ag presentation. In this study, we tested the effect of the cationic liposome (Lipofectin) for transferring and loading exogenous model antigen (OVA protein) into BM-DC. Methods: Bone marrow-derived DC (EM-DC) were incubated with OVA-Lipofectin complexes and then co-cultured with B3Z cells. B3Z activation, which is expressed as the amount of ${\beta}$-galactosidase induced by TCR stimulation, was determined by an enzymatic assay using ${\beta}$-gal assay system. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with OVA-pulsed DC to monitor the in vivo vaccination effect. After vaccination, mice were inoculated with EG7-OVA tumor cells. Results: BM-DC pulsed with OVA-Lipofectin complexes showed more efficient presentation of OVA-peptide on MHC class I molecules than soluble OVA-pulsed DC. OVA-Lipofectin complexes-pulsed DC pretreated with an inhibitor of MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation, brefeldin A, showed reduced ability in presenting OVA peptide on their surface MHC class I molecules. Finally, immunization of OVA-Lipofectin complexes-pulsed DC protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that antigen-loading into DC using Lipofectin can promote MHC class I- restricted antigen presentation. Therefore, antigen-loading into DC using Lipofectin can be one of several useful tools for achieving efficient induction of antigen-specific immunity in DC-based immunotherapy.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

Development of alternative testing methods for the replacement of hazardous reagents with less hazardous ones is strongly enforced because exposure of human and environment to hazardous reagents are restricted and hazardous reagents are gradually prohibited from using in various testing methods. Thus, in this study, we developed 8 monographs from the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex by substituting the use of the hazardous reagents including ICH class 1 such as benzene, chloroform and dioxane to the use of less toxic ones like ICH class 2 or 3 reagents. We also improved their qualification and quantification performance. Among 8 monographs, the 6 newly developed TLC methods for the identification of nifedipine, oxolamine citrate, ketoprofen lysinate, chlorquinaldol, retinol acetate, and riboflavin showed a clear spot of corresponding material without any interference in spite of the replacement with ICH class 2 or 3 reagents. For the quantification of domperidone and trimebutine, HPLC methods were developed for the substitution of UV/VIS spectrometry and titrimetry, respectively. These HPLC methods were validated for the linearity, recovery, reproducibility, and inter-laboratory variations. In conclusion, the newly developed methods could be expected to become valuable tools for revising the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex.