• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.495-510
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several surface coating agents in preventing microleakage and increasing microhardness of light-cured glass ionomer restoration. 50 and 25 sound molar teeth were used for the microleakage test and microhardness test respectively. Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and/or Mann-Whitney test. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. The effect of surface coating in reducing microleakage was proven only at the gingival margin of restorations with statistical significance(p<.05). 2. The distribution of microleakage score at gingival margin was shown to be better than that of occlusal margin in general but with no statistically significant differences(p>.05). 3. No statistically significant differences in microhardness could be found between groups (p>.05) regardless of depth of measurement. 4. Under the present experimental conditions, the types or application of surface coating agents did not impose any significant effect on microhardness of glass ionomer restorative material whereas the protective effect of surface coating in reducing microleakage was partly proven.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.8
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• 2020

Objectives: The obturation quality of MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC root canal sealer (RCS), and warm gutta-percha (WGP) in teeth with simulated internal root resorption (IRR) was evaluated by using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Standardized IRR cavities were created using 40 extracted maxillary central incisor teeth and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10). IRR cavities were filled with MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC RCS (bulk-fill form) and WGP + Total Fill BC RCS. Percentage of voids between resorptive cavity walls and obturation material (external void), and inside the filling materials (internal voids) were measured. Results: Total Fill BC sealer in the bulk-fill form presented significantly highest values of external and internal void percentages (p < 0.05). Biodentine showed a significantly lowest external void percentage (p < 0.05). WGP + Total Fill BC RCS presented significantly lower values of internal void percentages than all groups (p < 0.05), except Biodentine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: None of the filling materials were created void-free obturation in resorption cavities. Biodentine may favor its application in teeth with IRR over Angelus MTA and bulkfill form of Total Fill BC.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.34-45
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal responses of S. mutans (6715, serotype A) in relation to the remaining dentin thickness. The material was consisted of 72 teeth from 6 dogs. Cl. V cavities were prepared into 2 different thickness (0.5mm, 1.0mm) of remaining dentin. In the control groups, the cavities were filled with filter paper of broth, tin foil, and IRM$^{(R)}$ cement. In the experimental groups, the cavities were filled with filter paper of S. mutans, filter paper of broth, tin foil, and IRM$^{(R)}$ cement. The intervals of observation period were 1 week, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks respectively after the experiment. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and decalcified in 5% nitric acid. All specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and examined histopathologically under the microscope. The results were as follows. 1. The changes and congestion of odontoblastic layers were more frequent and lasting in the control group of 0.5mm than in that of 1.0mm remaining dentin thickness. 2. There was no characteristic difference between the control group of 1.0mm and the experimental group of 1.0mm in all pulp responses. 3. Acute and chronic inflammatory cells were seen in the experimental group of 0.5mm, but not seen in the control group of 0.5mm.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 1989

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the apical leakage among the retrograde filling materials; retrograde filling with non-zinc amalgam, cavity varnish and non-zinc amalgam, z.o.e cement, Glass Ionomer cement, scotch bond and silux. Sixty single rooted teeth were divided into six groups and each tooth was individually prepared for its particular group. The specimens were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs and then were infiltrated by 2% methylene blue for 7 days. Apical leakage was evaluated by measuring the degree of dye penetration between the filling material and the canal wall. The results were as follows: 1. The scotch bond and silux group showed the least amount of apical leakage and the control group showed the greatest amount of apical leakage. 2. The groups retrofilled with cavity varnish and amalgam, glass-Ionomer cement, scotch bond and silux showed significantly good apical seal than control group. 3. The groups retrofilled with glass Ionomer cement, scotchbond and silux showed significantly good apical seal than the groups retrofilled with Amalgam and Zinc oxide eugenol cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1985

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the apical leakage in the following retrograde techniques; apicoectomys, retrograde filling with zinc oxide eugenol cement, non-zinc and zinc amalgam, and cold-burnished gutta-percha method. One hundred twenty five upper anterior and lower premolar teeth were divided into five above mentioned groups and each tooth was individually prepared for its particular group. The specimens were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 14 days and then were infiltrated by 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. The apical leakage was evaluated by measuring the degree of dye penetration between the filling material and the canal wall. The results were as follows: 1. The cold-burnished gutta-percha group showed the least amount of apical leakage and the apicoectomy group showed the greastest amount of apical leakage. 2. Statistics showed that there were significant differences among the groups (P<0.05), however there was no difference between the zinc oxide eugenol cement retrograde filling group and the non-zinc amalgam retrograde filling group (P>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2002

The first purpose of present study was to compare the anticariogenic effect of compomer, resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite (RMGIC). The second purpose was to evaluate the recently introduced methods, which use confocal scanning micro-scope, in detecting initial caries around restoration. 2$\times$4$\times$1.5mm cavities were prepared from the recently extracted 50 human teeth on the buccal or lingual surface. The prepared teeth were randomly devided into 5 groups and restored with each filling material. Group 1: Dyract AP, Group 2: compoglass F, Group 3: F2000, Group 4: Z100. Group 5:Fuji II LC. The teeth were stored for 30 days in the distilled water, then stored in the buffer solution for artificial caries development: pH 4.3, lactic acid 100 mM, calcium 16 mM, phosphate 8mM, sodium azide 3mM. Then, the samples were sectioned longitudinally and examined with confical scanning microscope. The results showed that the use of compomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement showed caries inhibition zone whereas the composite did not. There was no difference in the width of caries inhibition zone between compomers and RMGIC. The confocal scanning microscope was useful in detecting initial caries around restoration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 1993

Dentin hypersensitivity medicaments such as Gluma, Scotchbond 2, All-Bond 2, which are resin adhesives, were used to compare the sealing effects of dentinal tubule under mechanical stress. Topical application of above medicaments on the dentin surfaces of extracted teeth followed by artificial tooth brushing for 6 weeks was performed for the comparison. The following conclusions on the degree of dentinal tubule exposure versus time by were reached by using polyvinyl siloxane impression material for taking the impression, epoxy resin for the duplication and SEM for observing the surface. 1. SEM was used to compare the accuracy of the duplicated surface, but no differences were found when teeth samples and the duplicated surfaces were observed. 2. After comparing the degree of dentinal tubules exposure with varnish applied contrast group, resin adhesive materials showed much less exposure as time went by. 3. The results indicated that AU-Bond 2 adhesive, under mechanical stress, showed lesser exposure of dentinal tubules comparing with Gluma and Scotchbond 2 adhesives After the results were put together, it was demonstrated that resin replica method is an useful way to evaluate the treatment effects of the dentinal tubule hypersensitivity medicaments. Also, it was noticed that under mechanical stress, All-Bond 2, classified as fourth generation, illustrated the best dentinal tubules sealing effects.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

During clinical endodontic treatment, we often find radiopaque filling material beyond the root apex. Accidental extrusion of calcium hydroxide could cause the injury of inferior alveolar nerve, such as paresthesia or continuous inflammatory response. This case report presents the extrusion of calcium hydroxide and treatment procedures including surgical intervention. A 48 yr old female patient experienced Calcipex II extrusion in to the inferior alveolar canal on left mandibular area during endodontic treatment. After completion of endodontic treatment on left mandibular first molar, surgical intervention was planned under general anesthesia. After cortical bone osteotomy and debridement, neuroma resection and neurorrhaphy was performed, and prognosis was observed. But no improvement in sensory nerve was seen following surgical intervention after 20 mon. A clinician should be aware of extrusion of intracanal medicaments and the possibility of damage on inferior alveolar canal. Injectable type of calcium hydroxide should be applied with care for preventing nerve injury. The alternative delivery method such as lentulo spiral was suggested on the posterior mandibular molar.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 1989

The purpose of these study was to compare the sealing ability of a injection-molded thermoplasticized gutta-percha and silver amalgam as retroseal material in vitro. Sixty two upper and lower extracted human teeth with single root were randomly selected and instrumented in a conventional method with H-file. After instrumentation the root canal was obturated with gutta-percha by lateral condensation technique with AH26 and an apicoectomy was performed by beveling the root tip 45 angle. In the experimental group 1 and 2, a class I preparation was made and filled with silver amalgam or gutta-percha and in the experimental group 3 an apicoectomy only was performed. All specimens were immersed in black Indian ink, decalcified and cleared. The depth of dye penetration into the canals were evaluated by califer. The results were as follows ; 1. The experimental group 1 displayed the smallest mean dye penetration as 0.45mm. 2. The experimental group 3 displayed the greatest mean dye penetration as 0.65mm. 3. There was the difference in dye penetration between each group, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

This study aimed to suggest more appropriate and accurate festival costumes based on a comparative analysis on various reproduced costumes and a period review of traditional festival costumes. In particular, the comparative analysis examined festival costumes which appeared in Korean and Japanese festival parades during the Baekje Period. The Baekje Cultural and Sacheonwangsawasso Festivals were examined. A literature review as well as field research and digital restorative techniques were used in the study. The reproduction patterns of Baekje costumes from both festivals were compared with original Baekje costumes, demonstrating several differences in the configuration, material, color, and shape of the costumes in addition to the way they were worn. Based on the comparative analysis, Baekje costumes used in Festivals were grouped into three categories: King's Costume, Queen's Costume, and Government Official's Costume. Dress sketches and 3D illustrations also have been presented.