• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2002

자작나무류 4개 수종의 오존에 대한 생리 생화학적인 반응 특성을 비교하고, 수종별 오존 홉입량과 광합성 능력 및 항산화효소 활성간의 연관성을 찾기 위하여 거제수나무, 물박달나무, 자작나무, 사스래나무 묘목에 5주 동안 100 ppb 오존을 노출시킨 후 오존 흡입량, 광합성, SOD, GR 활성을 측정하였다. 5주 동안의 누적 오존 흡입량은 거제수나무가 53.8 mmol m$^{-2}$ 로 가장 많았으며, 물박달나무가 35.5 mmol m$^{-2}$ 로 가장 적었다. 오존에 노출된 4개 수종의 광합성 능력은 감소하였으나 기공전도도에 따른 광합성 반응은 수종간 달랐다. 4개 수종의 SOD 활성은 누적 오존 홉입량이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 감소하였다. GR 활성은 거제수나무의 경우 SOD 활성과 마찬가지로 점차 증가하다가 감소하였으나, 다른 세 수종은 누적 오존 흡입량이 증가하면서 지속적으로 증가하였다. 결론적으로 거제수나무는 누적 오존 흡입량의 증가로 SOD와 GR 활성을 잃어버리는 민감성 수종으로 나타났으나, 다른 세 수종은 GR 활성을 지속적으로 증가시키는 저항성을 보였다. 또한 오존 흡입량에 따른 SOD와 GR 활성 반응은 반드시 일치하지 않으며, 수종별 반응 차이는 오존 흡입량에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

본 연구는 2005년과 2006년 6월부터 9월까지 남산, 지리산, 월악산의 신갈나무림, 소나무림에서 유브이 버킷 라이트 트랩(22 W)을 이용하여 나방을 포획하였고 식생 및 삼림의 주요 1차 소비자인 나방류(불나방과, 자나방과, 밤나방과, 재주나방과, 명나방과)의 종다양성을 시공간적으로 비교하였다. 본 연구기간동안 국가장기생태연구지에서 포획된 나방의 종수는 435종이었다. 포획된 나방의 개체수는 월악산에서 가장 높았고, 지리산, 남산 순이었다. ANOVA 분석결과 개체수를 종속변수로 하였을때는 조사시기에 대해 유의한 차이가 나타났고 종풍부도의 경우에는 조사시기와 지역에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 다변량분석 방법인 다차원분석법을 사용하였을때, 나방의 군집구조는 각 지역별로 뚜렷이 구분되어 나타났지만, 같은 지역내의 산림유형에 따른 구분은 명확하지 않았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1989

전국(全國)의 각(各) 지역(地域)에서 채집(採集)한 피는 외부형태적(外部形態的)으로는 매우 큰 차이(差異)를 보였으나 Yabuno가 제시(提示)한 종자(種子)의 포영 길이와 생육습성(生育習性)에 따라 분류(分類)하면 E.oryzicola 와 E.crus-galli var. crus-galli, 및 var. praticola 로 대별(大別)할 수 있었다. E. oryzicola는 외부형태적(外部形態的)으로 벼와 유사(類似)하여 초장(草長)이 비교적 작고 직립형(直立型)으로 까락이 없으며 출수기(出穗期)가 대체로 늦은 편이었고 종내변이(種內變異)가 적었다. 그러나 E. crus-galli var. crus-galli 와 var. praticola는 외부형태적(外部形態的)으로 다양(多樣)한 차이(差異)를 보이고 있어서 외부형태(外部形態)만으로 분류(分類)가 어려웠다. E. crus-galli var. crus-galli의 초장(草長), 분얼수(分蘖數), 수수장(穗穗長) 등(等)의 변이폭(燮異幅)이 매우 컸고 E. crus-galli var. praticola 도 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 우리나라에 분포(分布)하는 피는 외형(外形)의 차이(差異)가 다양(多樣)함에도 불구하고 3정내외(種內外)로 분류(分類)되고 있으며 금후 세포학적(細胞學的)또는 생화학적(生化學的) 관찰(觀察)을 통(通)해 확정(確定)될 수 있을 것이다. 피 3종(種)의 제초제(除草劑)에 대(對)한 반응(反應)은 종내(種內)또는 종간(種間)에서 공(共)히 조사(調査)되었으며 상대적(相對的) 내성(耐性)과 감수성(感受性)의 차이(差異)를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-105
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• 2001

The effect of opsonization of zymosan with serum on the repiratory burst of haemocytes isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was investigated. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the respiratory burst of haemocytes in response to the opsonized or unopsonized zymosan were measured using chemiluminescence (CL). The CL values were increased according to the increment of haemocyte number. The degree of CL amplification by increase of haemocytes from $0.1{\times}10^6$ to $0.5{\times}10^6$ cells/ml was 3-5 times, but comparatively low amplification was elicited by increase of haemocytes from $0.5{\times}10^6$ to $1{\times}10^6$ cells/ml. Chemiluminescences produced by the haemocytes in response to the zymosan opsonized with oyster serum were considerably higher than the CL produced by the haemocytes in response to the unopsonized zymosan.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curcumin, a major component of the Curcuma species, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although it was found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the functional role of curcumin as well as its molecular mechanism in anti-inflammatory response, particularly in intestinal cells, has been less investigated. The intestine epithelial barrier is the first barrier and the most important location for the substrate coming from the lumen of the gut. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We administered curcumin treatment in the human intestinal epithelial cell lines, T84 and Caco-2. We examined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response by thapsigargin, qPCR of XBP1 and BiP, electrophysiology by wild-type cholera toxin in the cells. RESULTS: In this study, we showed that curcumin treatment reduces ER stress and thereby decreases inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, curcumin confers protection without damaging the membrane tight junction or actin skeleton change in intestine epithelial cells. Therefore, curcumin treatment protects the gut from bacterial invasion via reduction of ER stress and anti-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data demonstrate the important role of curcumin in protecting the intestine by modulating ER stress and inflammatory response post intoxication.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2020

The present study was to investigate the growth response and nutrient absorption in three willow species (Salix gracilistyla, S. koreensis and S. chaenomeloides) treated with nitrogen source (NH₄⁺:NO₃^- rate; 200:0, 150:50, 100:100, 50:150, 200:0) for a period of 90days. The height, dry weight and chlorophyll contents of three species of willows were found to be highest at 50:150 (NH₄⁺:NO₃^-) treatment. NO₃^--N was more effective than NH₄⁺-N in the early growth of three species of willows. The increase in percentage of NO₃^--N handling, T-N, NO₃^--N in plant tissue increased. The analysis of C, N and mineral content in various parts revealed that the amounts of C, N, K, Ca and Mg were higher in leaves than those in the stems and the roots. However, the amount of NO₃^--N and P were higher in roots than those in the leaves and the stems. Salix koreensis was excellent, followed by S. chaenomeloides and S. gracilistyla in absorption of nitrate nitrogen. Higher percentage of NO₃^--N, the amounts of T-N, NO₃^--N, P₂O₅, K, Na, Ca, and pH in soil were decreased.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

Gene structure of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD; sod1) was characterized in Hemibarbus mylodon (Teleostei; Cypriniformes), an endangered freshwater fish species in Korean peninsula. Full-length cDNA of H. mylodon SOD1 consisted of a 796-bp open reading frame sequence encoding 154 amino acids, and the deduced polypeptide sequence shared high sequence homology with other orthologs, particularly with regard to metal-coordinating ligands. Genomic structure of the H. mylodon sod1 gene (hmsod1; 1,911 bp from the ATG start codon to the stop codon) was typical quinquepartite (i.e., five exons interrupted by four introns); the lengths of the exons were similar among species belonging to various taxonomic positions. The molecular phylogeny inferred from sod1 genes in the teleost lineage was in accordance with the conventional taxonomic assumptions. 5'-flanking upstream region of hmsod1, obtained using the genome walking method, contained typical TATA and CAAT boxes. It also showed various transcription factor binding motifs that may be potentially involved in stress/immune response (e.g., sites for activating proteins or nuclear factor kappa B) or metabolism of xenobiotic compounds (e.g., xenobiotic response element; XRE). The hmsod1 transcripts were ubiquitously detected among tissues, with the liver and spleen showing the highest and lowest expression, respectively. An experimental challenge with Edwardsiella tarda revealed significant upregulation of the hmsod1 in kidney (4.3-fold) and spleen (3.1-fold), based on a real-time RT-PCR assay. Information on the molecular characteristics of this key antioxidant enzyme gene could be a useful basis for a biomarker-based assay to understand cellular stresses in this endangered fish species.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.477-481
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• 1998

Previous studies have postulated that isometric animals exert similar locomotory capacity (speed, distance) because the amount of energy available for the motion would be the same regardless of body mass (m). To test propriety of this theory, we examined body shape and take-off potential of two frog species, Rana nigromaculata (powerful jumpers) and Bombina orientalis (slow hoppers). Morphological measurements included thigh muscle mass (indicative of total muscle force), hindlimb length (L, determining acceleration distance), and interilial width (shaping take-off motion). To gauge locomotory capacity, take-off speed (v) and take-off angle ($\theta$) were measured from video analyses, and jump distance (R) and take-off Power ($P_{t}$ ) were calculated from equations $R=V^{2}sin2\theta/g$ and ($P_{t}$＝$㎷^{3}/2L$(where g is the gravitational constant). Scaling exponents of morphometric variables for both species were 0.96-1.11 for thigh muscle mass, 0.28-0.29 for hindlimb length, and 0.30-0.36 for interilial width. Scaling exponents of locomotory performance for the two species were -0.01-0.14 for take-off speed, 0.24-0.31 for jump distance, and 0.66-0.84 for take-off power. The results demonstrate that the frogs of this study showed isometric body shape within species, but that take-off response changed allometrically with body mass, indicating that these data did not fully support the previous proposition. An exception was found in take-off speed of B. orientalis, in which the speed changed little with body mass (slope＝-0.01). These findings suggest that the energy availability approach did not properly explain the apparent allometric relations of the take-off response in these animals and that an alternative model such as a power production approach may be worth addressing.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2010

Resin flow, symptom development, and lignin biosynthesis in response to wounding and fungal inoculation were investigated in Pinus rigida and Pinus densiflora. The two-year-old seedling stems were subjected to three types of treatments: (i) wounding without inoculation, (ii) wound-inoculation with a conidial suspension of Fusarium circinatum, and (iii) pre-wounding woundinoculation with the fungus 20 days after the initial wounding. Resin flow from wounding sites was more evident in P. rigida than P. densiflora in all treatments. The wound-inoculation with the fungus induced almost two-fold higher levels of resin flow than the other treatments in both species. The pre-wounding woundinoculation appeared to result in a decrease in pitch canker development in the two pine species. Some reductions in disease severity were observed in the prewounding wound-inoculated P. rigida, showing a mean disease severity of less than 85%, compared with approximately 100% in the wound-inoculated stems. Disease severity was approximately 50% in the woundinoculated P. densiflora, whereas 10% in the pre-wounding wound-inoculated stems. Higher amounts of lignin were found from bark (ca. 40%) than from xylem (ca. 30%). The wound-inoculated bark and the pre-wounding wound-inoculated bark exhibited higher amounts of lignin among the other treatments. These results suggest that the wound-inoculation apparently prompt the increase in resin flow and lignin biosynthesis from the two pine species, and the prior wounding may be involved in decreased disease severity against the further invasion of F. circinatum.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2021

Background: Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and is predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies have shown that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of wild bees. As climate change affects the species distribution and causes range shift, the degree of range shift and the quality of the habitats are becoming more important for securing the species diversity. In addition, those pollinator insects are contributing not only to shaping the natural ecosystem but also to increased crop production. The distributional and habitat quality changes of wild bees are of utmost importance in the climate change era. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on distributional and habitat quality changes of five wild bees in northwestern regions of Iran under two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We used species distribution models to predict the potential range shift of these species in the year 2070. Result: The effects of climate change on different species are different, and the increase in temperature mainly expands the distribution ranges of wild bees, except for one species that is estimated to have a reduced potential range. Therefore, the increase in temperature would force wild bees to shift to higher latitudes. There was also significant uncertainty in the use of different models and the number of environmental layers employed in the modeling of habitat suitability. Conclusion: The increase in temperature caused the expansion of species distribution and wider areas would be available to the studied species in the future. However, not all of this possible range may include high-quality habitats, and wild bees may limit their niche to suitable habitats. On the other hand, the movement of species to higher latitudes will cause a mismatch between farms and suitable areas for wild bees, and as a result, farmers will face a shortage of pollination from wild bees. We suggest that farmers in these areas be aware of the effects of climate change on agricultural production and consider the use of managed bees in the future.