• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.106-113
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• 2023

We examined the heading responses of rice varieties over two years in Dandong, China to select the varieties that are adaptable to the bordering northwestern plains of North Korea. Dandong had slightly lower mean temperature than Sinuiju, North Korea but slightly higher than Supung, but it had almost the same day-length as the two regions in North Korea. In the two experimental years and two transplanting-date treatments, eight varieties (Jinbuol, Baegilmi, Joun, Jinok, Jopyeong, Jinbu, Sanhomi, and Odae) from South Korea and five varieties (Olbyeo2, Sonbong9, Onpo1, Gilju1, and Pyongdo5) from North Korea reached the heading stage not later than the latest heading dates of Dandong domestic varieties and the safe marginal heading dates of Dandong. We examined the basic vegetative phase (BVP), photoperiod-sensitivity (PS), and thermo-sensitivity (TS) of rice heading in a phytotron study to characterize the heading ecotypes of rice varieties adaptable to Dandong. For the rice varieties grown in Dandong experimental field, number of days to the heading stage was highly positively correlated with PS and, except middle and mid-late maturing three varieties, it was significantly positively correlated with BVP. Two-dimensional distribution plotting revealed that both 35 days or less BVP and 25 days or less PS were the characteristic heading ecotypes of the rice varieties adaptable to Dandong.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1717-1721
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• 2008

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening emerging respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV is highly antigenic and may be a suitable candidate for diagnostic applications. We constructed truncated recombinant N proteins (N1 [1-422 aa], N2 [1-109 aa], and N3 [110-422 aa]) and determined their antigenicity by Western blotting using convalescent SARS serum. The recombinants containing N1 and N3 reacted with convalescent SARS serum in Western blotting. However, the recombinant with N2 did not. In ELISA using N1 or N3 as the antigens, positive results were observed in 10 of to (100%) SARS-CoV-positive human sera. None of 50 healthy sera gave positive results in either assay. These data indicate that the ELISA using N1 or N3 has high sensitivity and specificity. These results suggest that the middle or C-terminal region of the SARS N protein is important for eliciting antibodies against SARS-CoV during the immune response, and ELISA reactions using N1 or N3 may be a valuable tool for SARS diagnosis.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.222-231
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• 2001

The material properties of $SnO_2$ were investigated as a function of the amount of $Fe_2O_3$, the partial pressure of oxygen, the concentration of CO gas, and temperature. $Fe_2O_3$-doped $SnO_2$ thick films were prepared by the screen printing technique on alumina substrate. The specimens sintered at $700^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours showed little difference of the grain size and narrow distribution with the content of $Fe_2O_3$. The electrical conductance of undoped $SnO_2$ is high at low firing temperature and at low partial pressure of oxygen. The electrical conductance of $Fe_2O_3-$-doped $SnO_2$ is increased with measurement temperature, but decreased with the content of $Fe_2O_3$. The dependence of oxygen partial pressure is decreased with dopant addition. The highest sensitivity and the good properties of response speed and repeatability for CO gas were observed on the specimen with 0.1 mol% $Fe_2O_3$ at $350^{\circ}C$.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1443-1454
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• 2014

In this study, we assess impact of spatial resolution of radar rainfall and a distributed hydrologic model on parameter estimation and rainfall-runoff response. Radar data measured by S-band polarimetric radar located at Mt. Bisl in the year of 2012 are used for the comparative study. As different rainfall estimates such as R-KDP, R-Z, and R-ZDR show good agreement with ground rainfall, R-KDP are applied for rainfall-runoff modeling due to relatively high accuracy in terms of catchment averaged and gauging point rainfall. GRM (grid based rainfall-runoff model) is implemented for flood simulations at the Geumho River catchment with spatial resolutions of 200m, 500m, and 1000m. Automatic calibration is performed by PEST (model independent parameter estimation tool) to find suitable parameters for each spatial resolution. For 200m resolution, multipliers of overlandflow and soil hydraulic conductivity are estimated within stable ranges, while high variations are found from results for 500m and 1000m resolution. No tendency is found in the estimated initial soil moisture. When parameters estimated for different spatial resolution are applied for other resolutions, 200m resolution model shows higher sensitivity compared to 1000m resolution model.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.383-402
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• 2013

In this study, we apply the facial Facial Action Coding System for coding the muscular system anatomical approach facial expressions to be displayed in response to a change in sensitivity. To verify by applying the virtual character the Duchenne smile to the original. I extracted the Duchenne smile by inducing experiment of emotion (man 2, woman 2) and the movie theater department students trained for the experiment. Based on the expression that has been extracted, I collect the data of the facial muscles. Calculates the frequency of expression of the face and other parts of the body muscles around the mouth and lips, to be applied to the virtual character of the data. Orbicularis muscle to contract end of lips due to shrinkage of the Zygomatic Major is a upward movement, cheek goes up, the movement of the muscles, facial expressions appear the outer eyelid under the eye goes up with a look of smile. Muscle movement of large muscle and surrounding Zygomatic Major is observed together (AU9) muscles around the nose and (AU25, AU26, AU27) muscles around the mouth associated with openness. Duchen smile occurred in the form of Orbicularis Oculi and Zygomatic Major moves at the same time. Based on this, by separating the orbicularis muscle that is displayed in the form of laughter and sympathy to emotional feelings and viable large muscle by the will of the person, by applying to the character of the virtual, and expression of human I try to examine expression of the virtual character's ability to distinguish.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

Background: Although quantitative sensory test (QST) is being used with increasing frequency for measuring sensory thresholds in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies, there has been no age-matched normative data in Korean adults. The objective of this study is to evaluate the value of QST in diabetic polyneuropathy with normal range in Korean adults. Methods: The Computer Aided Sensory Examination IV 4,2 (WR Medical Electronics Co., Stillwater, Minnesota, U.S.A.), with 4,2,1 stepping algorithm was used to determine vibration and cold perception threshold in 70 normal controls and 19 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy aged from 21 to 79 years. The data were used to define age-matched upper and lower normal limits and normal range of side to side difference. We also evaluated the duration of diabetes, serum HbA1C level, and findings of nerve conduction study (NCS) and QST in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Results: In normal adults, sensory thresholds slightly increased with age, and a slight side-to-side difference was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity of QST was not higher than NCS in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (36.8% vs. 42.1%, p=0.716), especially among elderly patients. Conclusions: QST might be used as a complementary test for NCS in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Although the QST is a simple method for the evaluation of peripheral nerve function, there are some limitations. Most of all, because the QST measuring is dependent on the subjective response of patients, the degree of concentration and cooperation of the patients can significantly affect the result. And thus, attention should be paid during the interpretation of QST results in patients with peripheral neuropathy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 1989

To evaluate the college students' health status, the author distributed C.M.I. to 233 college students consisting of 102 males and 131 females who randomly selected from a college in seoul. The conclusion are as follow: 1. The mean of CMI scores for the male students was 32.84 and that for the female students was 43.25. Statistical significant difference was observed between the mean of CMI scores for male students and that for female students. 2. For male students, The CMI mean scores for the day students was 29.46 and for evening students was 35.85. There was no statistical significant difference the day students and that for the evening students. 3. For female students, the mean of CMI scores for day students was 42.40 and that for the evening students was 44.64. But there was no statistical significant difference between the mean CMI scores for the day students and that for the evening students. 4. In both female and male groups, the affirmative response rate of inadequacy, fatigability and eyes and ears are higher than any of the other items. 5. In comparing the CMI items of male students and female students, the significant differences cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system, genitourinary system, fatigability, habits, inadequacy, depression and tension. The mean scores for female students, with the exception of habits, were higher than those for male students. 6. In comparing the CMI items of male day students and male evening students, there was significant difference in the items of the cardiovascular system, digestive tract, skin, genitourinary system, inadequacy, and anger : the mean scores of evening male students were higher than those of day students. 7. In the case of female students, the CMI mean scores of the evening students in the categories eyes and ears, cardiovascular system, digestive tract, musculoskeletal system, skin, genitourinary system, fatigability, inadequacy, depression, anxiety, and sensitivity were higher scores than those of the day students. However, the were no significant difference between both groups except in the cathgory of habits. 8. The frequency rate of neurotic students, who were identified by fukamachi's classification, were 12.5% in the day male students, 18.6% in th evening male students, 13.6% in the day female students, and 18.0% in the evening female students.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.104-109
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• 2020

Background: It is challenging to diagnose asthma in preschool children. The asthma predictive index (API) has been used to predict asthma and decide whether to initiate treatment in preschool children. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between questionnaire-based current asthma with API, pulmonary function, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO), and atopic sensitization in preschool children. Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study in 916 preschool children aged 4-6 years. We defined current asthma as the presence of both physician-diagnosed asthma and at least one wheezing episode within the previous 12 months using a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between groups according to the presence of current asthma. Results: The prevalence of current asthma was 3.9% in the study population. Children with current asthma showed a higher rate of positive bronchodilator response and loose and stringent API scores than children without current asthma. The stringent API was associated with current asthma with 72.2% sensitivity and 82.0% specificity. The diagnostic accuracy of the stringent API for current asthma was 0.771. However, no intergroup differences in spirometry results, methacholine provocation test results, FeNO level, or atopic sensitization rate were observed. Conclusion: The questionnaire-based diagnosis of current asthma is associated with API, but not with spirometry, AHR, FeNO, or atopic sensitization in preschool children.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 1999

Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.306-309
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• 2007

PXLM(Phosphor based x-ray light modulator) has a combined structure by phosphor, photoconductor, and liquid crystal and it can realize x-ray image of high resolution in clinical diagnosis area. In this study, we fabricated a photoconductor and investigated electrical and optical properties to confirm application possibility of radiator detector of PXLM structure. As photoconductor, amorphous selenium(a-Se), which is used most in DR(Digital radiography) of direct conversion method, was used and for formation of thin film, it was formed as $20{\mu}m-thick$ by using thermal vacuum evaporation system. For a produced a-Se film, through XRD(X-ray diffraction) and SEM(Scanning electron microscope), we investigated that amorphous structure was uniformly established and through optical measurement, for visible light of 40 $0\sim630nm$, it had absorption efficiency of 95 % and more. After fabricated a-Se film on the top of ITP substrate, hybrid structure was manufactured through forming $Gd_2O_3:Eu$ phosphor of $270{\mu}m-thick$ on the bottom of the substrate. As the result to confirm electrical property of the manufactured hybrid structure, in the case of appling $10V/{\mu}m$, leakage current of $2.5nA/cm^2$ and x-ray sensitivity of $7.31nC/cm^2/mR$ were investigated. Finally, we manufactured PXLM structure combined with hybrid structure and liquid crystal cell of TN(Twisted nematic) mode and then, investigated T-V(Transmission vs. voltage) curve of external light source for induced x-ray energy. PXLM structure showed a similar optical response with T-V curve that common TN mode liquid crystal cell showed according to electric field increase and in appling $50\sim100V$, it showed linear transmission efficiency of $12\sim18%$. This result suggested an application possibility of PXLM structure as radiation detector.