• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

Background: Although quantitative sensory test (QST) is being used with increasing frequency for measuring sensory thresholds in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies, there has been no age-matched normative data in Korean adults. The objective of this study is to evaluate the value of QST in diabetic polyneuropathy with normal range in Korean adults. Methods: The Computer Aided Sensory Examination IV 4,2 (WR Medical Electronics Co., Stillwater, Minnesota, U.S.A.), with 4,2,1 stepping algorithm was used to determine vibration and cold perception threshold in 70 normal controls and 19 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy aged from 21 to 79 years. The data were used to define age-matched upper and lower normal limits and normal range of side to side difference. We also evaluated the duration of diabetes, serum HbA1C level, and findings of nerve conduction study (NCS) and QST in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Results: In normal adults, sensory thresholds slightly increased with age, and a slight side-to-side difference was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity of QST was not higher than NCS in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (36.8% vs. 42.1%, p=0.716), especially among elderly patients. Conclusions: QST might be used as a complementary test for NCS in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. Although the QST is a simple method for the evaluation of peripheral nerve function, there are some limitations. Most of all, because the QST measuring is dependent on the subjective response of patients, the degree of concentration and cooperation of the patients can significantly affect the result. And thus, attention should be paid during the interpretation of QST results in patients with peripheral neuropathy.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1989

To evaluate the college students' health status, the author distributed C.M.I. to 233 college students consisting of 102 males and 131 females who randomly selected from a college in seoul. The conclusion are as follow: 1. The mean of CMI scores for the male students was 32.84 and that for the female students was 43.25. Statistical significant difference was observed between the mean of CMI scores for male students and that for female students. 2. For male students, The CMI mean scores for the day students was 29.46 and for evening students was 35.85. There was no statistical significant difference the day students and that for the evening students. 3. For female students, the mean of CMI scores for day students was 42.40 and that for the evening students was 44.64. But there was no statistical significant difference between the mean CMI scores for the day students and that for the evening students. 4. In both female and male groups, the affirmative response rate of inadequacy, fatigability and eyes and ears are higher than any of the other items. 5. In comparing the CMI items of male students and female students, the significant differences cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, skin, nervous system, genitourinary system, fatigability, habits, inadequacy, depression and tension. The mean scores for female students, with the exception of habits, were higher than those for male students. 6. In comparing the CMI items of male day students and male evening students, there was significant difference in the items of the cardiovascular system, digestive tract, skin, genitourinary system, inadequacy, and anger : the mean scores of evening male students were higher than those of day students. 7. In the case of female students, the CMI mean scores of the evening students in the categories eyes and ears, cardiovascular system, digestive tract, musculoskeletal system, skin, genitourinary system, fatigability, inadequacy, depression, anxiety, and sensitivity were higher scores than those of the day students. However, the were no significant difference between both groups except in the cathgory of habits. 8. The frequency rate of neurotic students, who were identified by fukamachi's classification, were 12.5% in the day male students, 18.6% in th evening male students, 13.6% in the day female students, and 18.0% in the evening female students.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2020

Background: It is challenging to diagnose asthma in preschool children. The asthma predictive index (API) has been used to predict asthma and decide whether to initiate treatment in preschool children. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between questionnaire-based current asthma with API, pulmonary function, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO), and atopic sensitization in preschool children. Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study in 916 preschool children aged 4-6 years. We defined current asthma as the presence of both physician-diagnosed asthma and at least one wheezing episode within the previous 12 months using a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between groups according to the presence of current asthma. Results: The prevalence of current asthma was 3.9% in the study population. Children with current asthma showed a higher rate of positive bronchodilator response and loose and stringent API scores than children without current asthma. The stringent API was associated with current asthma with 72.2% sensitivity and 82.0% specificity. The diagnostic accuracy of the stringent API for current asthma was 0.771. However, no intergroup differences in spirometry results, methacholine provocation test results, FeNO level, or atopic sensitization rate were observed. Conclusion: The questionnaire-based diagnosis of current asthma is associated with API, but not with spirometry, AHR, FeNO, or atopic sensitization in preschool children.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1999

Exposure of the root surface due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic irritation. Especially patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency. There have been reports that the 1 out of 7 patients complains of dentinal hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride and potassium oxalate and to observe the relationship between the dentinal hypersensitivity and surface characteristics such as dentinal tubule size and number. This study included 20 teeth which were scheduled for extraction and had no pulpal disease. These teeth were divided into Root planing group, EDTA group, NaCl group and Oxalate group. Dentinal hypersensitivity is measured by tactile, pressured air and cold water using NRS (Numerical Rating Scales). Teeth were extracted under local anesthesia and each specimen was sectioned to a size about 3 X 5 mm and was examined under the scanning electron microscope (X2,000) The results were as follows, 1. The EDTA group exhibited significantly increased dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the other groups. 2. The NaCl and Oxalate groups showed significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity comparing with the EDTA group. 3. As a method for dentinal hypersensitivity measurement, it was presumed thet tactile sensitivity test was not sensitive method but air blast test and cold water test were adequate method. 4. In a SEM study, the root planing group exhibited amorphous smear layer and showed no dentinal tubule orifice, but the EDTA group showed the large number of dentinal tubules. On the other hand, the NaCl and Oxalate groups did not show exposed dentinal tubules. The NaCl group showed more rough root surface than the EDTA group, and the Oxalate group showed many participates to be presumed as calcium oxalate particle. As the results from this study, root planing couldn't expose the dentinal tubule and NaCl and potassium oxalate occluded exposed dentinal tubule effectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity has close relationship with the exposure of dentinal tubules, especially with it's size and number.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.306-309
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• 2007

PXLM(Phosphor based x-ray light modulator) has a combined structure by phosphor, photoconductor, and liquid crystal and it can realize x-ray image of high resolution in clinical diagnosis area. In this study, we fabricated a photoconductor and investigated electrical and optical properties to confirm application possibility of radiator detector of PXLM structure. As photoconductor, amorphous selenium(a-Se), which is used most in DR(Digital radiography) of direct conversion method, was used and for formation of thin film, it was formed as $20{\mu}m-thick$ by using thermal vacuum evaporation system. For a produced a-Se film, through XRD(X-ray diffraction) and SEM(Scanning electron microscope), we investigated that amorphous structure was uniformly established and through optical measurement, for visible light of 40 $0\sim630nm$, it had absorption efficiency of 95 % and more. After fabricated a-Se film on the top of ITP substrate, hybrid structure was manufactured through forming $Gd_2O_3:Eu$ phosphor of $270{\mu}m-thick$ on the bottom of the substrate. As the result to confirm electrical property of the manufactured hybrid structure, in the case of appling $10V/{\mu}m$, leakage current of $2.5nA/cm^2$ and x-ray sensitivity of $7.31nC/cm^2/mR$ were investigated. Finally, we manufactured PXLM structure combined with hybrid structure and liquid crystal cell of TN(Twisted nematic) mode and then, investigated T-V(Transmission vs. voltage) curve of external light source for induced x-ray energy. PXLM structure showed a similar optical response with T-V curve that common TN mode liquid crystal cell showed according to electric field increase and in appling $50\sim100V$, it showed linear transmission efficiency of $12\sim18%$. This result suggested an application possibility of PXLM structure as radiation detector.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-68
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• 1983

From the economic point of view the fishing port is the complex of installations on land, organized to serve the fishing fleet and its cargo, and is the main link in the production chain of all components of the fishing industry, with the aim of achieving the planned targets with the minimum cost. Fishing port investment decisions have had significant impact on the development aims of Korean fisheries. Fishing port investments in Korea are made mostly by public or semipublic port authorities. Such investments should be judged not purely on the basis of financial profitability but rather on the extent to which they serve the development aims of the fishing industry. This makes the economic appraisal process more complex and presents certain problems in correctly quantifying the economic costs and benefits of the fishing port projects. This study concentrates more on the theoretical economic appraisal models than on the purely financial aspects of fishing port investments and points out the difference between the two approaches. In the result, there is clearly an element of judgment as to whether or not a shadow price needs to be used in estimating economic benefits and costs. From this viewpoint, some attempts are made to provide definitions of the possible economic benefits and costs, and methods for estimating and evaluating them in Part III and IV. Especially queueing theory is applied in the calculation of economic benefits. When a project is contemplated and analysis shows it to Lave a positive NPV, one question that arises is whether it should be implemented now or delayed. In this paper, the first year rate of return method is regarded as a more concise way of solving the timing of investment, At the end of Part IV, risk analysis of fishing port investments is considered. It can be handled in a number of ways, ranging from informal judgment to complex statistical analyses involving large-scale computer models, This paper recommends that evaluators of fishing port investments use the sensitivity analysis indicating exactly how much NPV will change in response to a given change in an input variable, other things held constant. Decisions regarding the amount of capacity to provide must be made in fishing port investments. Providing too much service would involve excessive capital costs. On the other hand, not providing enough service capacity would cause the waiting line of fishing vessels to become excessively long at times. Therefore, in Part V, the optimal number of berths and berth productivity in fishing port are defined as follows: Minimize E(TC) ＝ E(WC)＋E(SC) The minimum of this function is the solution and that is the optimal number of berth and berth productivity in fishing port.

• 환경생물
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

한국산 요시마쯔깔따구(Chironomus yoshimatsui)의 세 가지 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 수은)에 대한 급성독성 및 행동 독성을 외국 표준 실험 종인 리파리깔따구(C. riparius)와 비교하였다 48시간 및 96시간 동안 수중 노출(water-only exposure)을 시킨 후 두 가지 실험종의 반수치사농도($LC_50$)및 깔따구의 유영 능력 감소에 영향을 주는 농도($EC_{50}$)를 바탕으로 두 실험 종간의 차이를 살펴보았다. 카드뮴과 납에 대하여는 요시마쯔깔따구가 리파리깔따구에 비해 둔감한 반응을 보였으며, 수은에 대하여는 요시마쯔깔따구가 더 민감한 반응을 나타냈다. 모든 실험에서 $LC_50$값과 $EC_{50}$값의 비율이 1보다 높게 나와 사망률보다는 유영 능력을 기준으로 실시한 급성독성 평가가 더욱 민감한 결과를 얻었다. 노출 기간에 따른 급성독성 차이를 살펴본 결과 노출 기간이 길수록 급성독성 및 행동독성도 높게 나타났다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2002

초기 물질은 $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$와 $C_2H_5OH$를 사용하여 sol-gel 법으로 제조된 $SnO_2$ 미세 분말의 제반 물성과 전기적 센싱 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. Gel 분말은 sol을 72시간과 168시간 숙성(aging) 시킨 후 $120^{\circ}C$에서 건조하여 제조하였다. $600^{\circ}C$이하에서는 휘발성 물질이 제거되면서 $SnO_2$ 상이 증가하고. $700^{\circ}C$/30min 열처리로 $SnO_2$ 상 생성은 거의 완결된다. 입자 크기는 $700^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 30nm 이하로 유사하고 입도 분포도 좁았다. 전기적 성질 측정을 위한 시편은 후막법으로 알루미나 기판위에 제조하였다. 공기 중의 전도성은 $450^{\circ}C$ 부터 반도성 세라믹스의 진성(intrinsic) 거동을 보이고, $200-450^{\circ}C$ 구간에서는 $SnO_2$ 입자 표면에서의 산소흡착에 기인해서 전도성 변화가 작았다. 환원성 CO 기체에 대한 응답성, 회복성 그리고 감도 특성은 숙성일자 증가로 향상되었다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2001년도 제2회 생물정보학 국제심포지엄
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• pp.129-137
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• 2001

We used cDNA microarrays to assess gene expression profiles in 60 human cancer used in a drug discovery screen by the National Cancer Institute. Using these data, we linked bioinformatics and chemoinformatics by correlating gene expression and drug activity pattens in the NCI60 lines. Clustering the cell lines on the basis of gene expression yielded relationships very different from those obtained by clustering the cell lines on the basis of their response to drugs. Gene-drug relationships for the clinical agents 5-fluorouracil and L-asparaginase exemplify how variations in the transcript levels of particular genes relate to mechanisms of drug sensitivity and resistance. This is the first study to intergrate large databases on gene expression and molecular pharmacology.

• 감성과학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.75-88
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• 2020

정보 기술 발전으로 인하여 제품 정보를 전달하는 방식이 오프라인과 2D중심에서 온라인과 3D로 이동하면서 효율적인 정보 전달을 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 시도는 실물이 부재된 온라인 공간에서 단순히 제품의 정보를 전달하는 것에 그치지 않고 소비자에게 가상의 체험을 제공하면서 온라인 쇼핑의 다변화 및 활성화에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 360 제품 이미지는 피사체를 회전시켜 촬영하여 대상을 다양한 시점에서 입체적으로 볼 수 있는 실사 기반의 VR이다. 360 제품 이미지는 기존의 정지 이미지와 비교하여 대상물에 대해 풍부한 정보를 전달할 수 있다는 측면에서 주목받고 있다. 360 제품 이미지는 다양한 제작 요인에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이에 따라 이용자의 반응에 차이가 있으나 기술의 역사가 짧은 만큼 관련 연구 또한 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 360 제품 이미지의 제품의 형태와 소스 이미지의 수에 따라 변하는 이용자의 반응을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인 쇼핑몰에서 많이 접할 수 있는 상품군 중 대표적인 제품들을 선정하여 360 제품 이미지를 제작하고 75인의 이용자를 대상으로 실험을 진행하였으며, 의미분별법을 적용한 실험 설문을 통해 360 제품 이미지에 대한 감성 반응을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 360 제품 이미지에 대한 수용자의 감성을 이해하고 파악하는데 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.