• 제목/요약/키워드: respiratory cycle

검색결과 172건 처리시간 0.031초

게이트 흉부자기 공명 영상법과 함께 사용할 수 있는 의사호흡정지(QBH) 바이오 피드백 (Quasi-breath-hold (QBH) Biofeedback in Gated 3D Thoracic MRI: Feasibility Study)

  • 김태호;;;;이레나;김시용
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.72-78
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    • 2014
  • 연구의 목적은 의사호흡정지(QBH) 바이오 피드백이 의료영상획득 시간의 큰변화 없이 잔류 호흡 운동을 조절함으로써 호흡 운동에 의한 영상 오류를 줄이고, 게이트 3차 흉부 자기 공명 영상을 향상시킬 수 있다는 가설을 실험하는 것이다. 가설을 확인하기 위해 건강한 다섯 사람을 대상으로 3T 지멘스 엠알아이의 호흡 탐색기가 포함된 T2 가중 스페이스 엠알 펄스 시퀀스를 이용해 두번의 게이트 자기공명 영상 연구를 시행 하였다: 자유 호흡 상태와 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 호흡상태, 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 시스템은 알피엠(RPM) 시스템(실시간 위치 관리시스템, 베리안)을 사용하여, 복부의 외부 위치를 측정하고, 음향과 시각적으로 각각의 호흡주기의 90% 위치에서 2초 숨을 정지하도록 안내하는 방법을 사용했다. 평가방법은 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 시스템을 이용시 간 상부의 호흡정지모습의 재현성이 게이팅 영역 내에서 향상되는지를 지원자의 실험을 통해 평가하였다. 자유호흡상태와 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백상태에서 3차 흉부자기공명영상내에 호흡 운동에 의한 영상 오류와 게이팅영역 내에서의 잔류 호흡 운동 조절여부도 함께 평가했다. 또한, 복부 변위의 RMSE도 (제곱근오차) 조사되었다. 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백방법을 사용함으로 자유호흡의 경우보다 게이트 3차 흉부 엠알 영상에서 폐와 간에서 호흡운동에 의한 영상오류의 감소 결과를 획득했다(영상획득시간: ~6분). 이는 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백사용시, 게이팅 영역에서 복부 운동 감소와 횡경막의 잔류 움직임 감소가 일치함을 의미한다. 따라서, 알피엠을 통해 얻은 복부 변위의 전체 자료에서평균 RMSE는 (제곱근오차) 자유 호흡의 2.0 mm에 비해 7 mm (67% 감소, p값=0.02)로 감소하였으며, 게이팅영역만을 고려했을때는 자유 호흡의 1.7 mm가 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 호흡을 사용함으로써 0.7 mm (58 % 감소, p값=0.14) 로 개선되었다. 선형 피팅을 사용하여 얻은 평균 기준 이동값은 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 을 사용하면 자유 호흡 5.5 mm/분보다 0.6 mm/분(89% 감소, p값=0.017)으로 감소되었다. 이 연구는 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백을 이용해 게이트 3차 흉부 자기 공명 영상 중에 간 상부의 호흡정지 재현성이 향상되는 것을 보여 주었다. 이 시스템은 내부 해부학의 운동을 조절함으로써 게이트 의료 영상과 방사선 치료에 임상적으로 적용 할 수 있다.

소세포폐암 환자에서 토포테칸 투약 후 발생한 급성호흡곤란증후군 (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Topotecan Therapy in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer)

  • 태정현;이진화;김윤경;심윤수;이경종;노영욱;박재정;류연주;천은미;장중현
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제65권2호
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    • pp.142-146
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    • 2008
  • 소세포폐암은 비교적 초기 항암치료에 대한 반응이 우수하지만 빠르게 진행하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Topotecan은 topoisomerase I inhibitor로 소세포폐암에서 이차치료제로 사용된다. Topotecan의 흔한 부작용으로는 빈혈, 혈소판감소증, 호중구감소증과 같은 혈액학적 부작용이 있으나, topotecan에 의한 폐독성은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 저자들은 일차치료에 불응하여 이차치료제로 topotecan을 투여 받던 소세포폐암 환자에서 3주기 topotecan 투약중에 발생한 급성호흡곤란증후군을 경험하여 보고한다. 환자는 호흡곤란을 호소하면서 호흡부전에 빠졌으며, 흉부전산화단층촬영에서 약제에 의한 폐손상을 시사하는 미만성 간유리음영을 보였다. 환자는 급성호흡곤란증후군으로 사망하였다.

Schedule-Dependent Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) with Paclitaxel on H460 Cells

  • Park, Sunghoon;Kim, Joo-Hee;Hwang, Yong Il;Jung, Ki-Suck;Jang, Young Sook;Jang, Seung Hun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제76권3호
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2014
  • Background: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major biologically active component of green tea, has anti-cancer activity in human and animal models. We investigated the schedule-dependent effect of EGCG and paclitaxel on growth of NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Methods: To investigate the combined effect of EGCG (E) and paclitaxel (P), combination indices (CIs) were calculated, and cell cycle analysis was performed. For the effect on cell apoptosis, western blot analysis was also performed. Results: CI analysis demonstrated that both concurrent and sequential E ${\rightarrow}$ P treatments had antagonistic effects (CIs >1.0), but sequential P ${\rightarrow}$ E had synergistic effects (CIs <1.0), on the growth inhibition of NCI-H460 cells. In the cell cycle analysis, although paclitaxel induced $G_2/M$ cell cycle arrest and increased the sub-G1 fraction, concurrent EGCG and paclitaxel treatments did not have any additive or synergistic effects compared with the paclitaxel treatment alone. However, western blot analysis demonstrated that sequential P ${\rightarrow}$ E treatment decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 and increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage; while minimal effects were seen with concurrent or sequential E ${\rightarrow}$ P treatments. Conclusion: Concurrent or sequential E ${\rightarrow}$ P treatment had opposite effects to P ${\rightarrow}$ E treatment, where P ${\rightarrow}$ E treatment showed a synergistic effect on growth inhibition of NCI-H460 cells by inducing apoptosis. Thus, the efficacy of EGCG and paclitaxel combination treatment seems to be schedule-dependent.

소세포폐암에서 Etoposide 투여 후 발생한 아나필락시스 1예 (A Case of Anaphylaxis after the Treatment with Etoposide in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer)

  • 김영일;김규식;한의령;권용수;오인재;임성철;김영철
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제67권2호
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    • pp.145-147
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    • 2009
  • Etoposide is a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that is effective against many cancers including small cell lung cancer. We report a case of etoposide-induced anaphylaxis in a 51-year-old woman who tolerated etoposide during her first cycle chemotherapy regimen. During the second cycle, she complained of generalized urticaria and dyspnea 5 minutes after being infused with etoposide. She recovered completely with antihistamine, corticosteroid and fluid replacement. The intradermal skin test with etoposide showed a clear positive immediate reaction. This case suggests that etoposide can induce IgE-mediated anaphylaxis.

Fatal Interstitial Pneumonitis Rapidly Developed after the First Cycle of CHOP with Etoposide Combination Chemotherapy in a Patient with Lymphoma

  • Park, Hyung Chul;Ahn, Jae-Sook;Yang, Deok-Hwan;Jung, Sung-Hoon;Oh, In-Jae;Choi, Song;Lee, Seung-Shin;Kim, Mi-Young;Kim, Yeo-Kyeoung;Kim, Hyeoung-Joon;Lee, Je-Jung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제74권5호
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    • pp.235-239
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    • 2013
  • Several chemotherapeutic agents are known to develop pulmonary toxicities in cancer patients, although the frequency of incidence varies. Cyclophosphamide is a commonly encountered agent that is toxic to the lung. Additionally, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) being used for the recovery from neutropenia can exacerbate lung injury. However, most of the patients reported previously that the drug-induced interstitial pneumonitis were developed after three to four cycles of chemotherapy. Hereby, we report a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma which rapidly developed a fatal interstitial pneumonitis after the first cycle of combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone, and etoposide and the patient had also treated with G-CSF during neutropenic period.

폐암 환자의 호흡훈련에 의한 호흡동조 방사선치료계획의 유용성 평가 (The feasibility evaluation of Respiratory Gated radiation therapy simulation according to the Respiratory Training with lung cancer)

  • 홍미란;김철종;박수연;최재원;표홍렬
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.149-159
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    • 2016
  • 목 적 : 폐암환자의 호흡동조 방사선 치료 계획 시 호흡 훈련 전후 RPM 신호와 횡격막 위치 변화를 분석하여 호흡 훈련의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 2016년 4월부터 8월까지 호흡 동조 방사선 치료를 받는 환자 11명을 대상으로 호흡 훈련을 시행하였고 동시에 RPM 신호 및 횡격막 영상을 획득하였다. 호흡 훈련은 총 3단계로 1단계 자유 호흡 상태의 신호 획득, 2단계 호흡 신호 가이드를 통한 1차 호흡 신호 획득, 3단계 설명과 반복 훈련으로 규칙성과 안정을 유도한 최종 호흡 신호를 획득 하였다. 각 단계의 흡기와 호기시 RPM 신호와 투시 영상의 횡격막 위치의 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값을 구하고, 이를 1단계 값으로 표준화 하여 2, 3단계를 상대분포 백분율(%)로 변환하여 환자의 호흡 변화와 내부 움직임을 분석 함으로써 각 환자의 호흡훈련 유용성을 평가 하였다. 결 과 : RPM 신호와 횡격막 진폭을 측정한 뒤, 1단계를 100%으로 표준화하여 각 단계의 평균값과 표준편차의 오차 평균을 구하였다. 그 결과, 3단계 최종호흡 획득 시 진폭의 상대평균 및 표준편차 모두 감소가36.4%, 표준편차만 감소가 18.2%, 진폭만 감소가 36.4%로 나타났으며, 횡격막 영상의 위치 측정 시 3단계에서 전체 81.8%의 환자에게서 상대평균 진폭 값이 30% 감소함을 보였다. 그러나 모든 환자들에게서 2단계 대비 3단계의 RPM 신호와 횡격막 진폭이 각각 평균 52.6%, 42.1% 감소함을 보였다. 또한, RPM 신호와 횡격막 영상 진폭 차이의 연관성은 2번 10번 환자를 제외하고 각각 1, 2, 3단계 움직임의 패턴이 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 호흡 동조 방사선치료에서 호흡 훈련을 시행하였을 때 최적화된 호흡 주기를 유도할 수 있었으며, 모의 호흡 훈련을 치료 전 시행함으로써 불규칙적인 호흡에 의한 환자의 호흡을 제어해 폐의 움직임을 예측 가능 하게 해주는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 궁극적으로는 방사선 치료의 체계적 오류를 최소화해 보다 정확한 치료를 기대할 수 있어 호흡 훈련이 유용하다고 할 수 있겠다.그러나 본 연구는 치료 전 호흡 훈련을 시행한 자료를 바탕으로 분석한 연구로 제한되어 있으며 추후 실제 CT 계획과 치료 시 획득한 자료를 가지고 검증하는 것도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

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선천성 횡경막 이상증의 임상적 경험 (Clinical Experiences of Congenital Diaphragmatic Anomaly)

  • 현명섭;임승균;정광진
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.381-386
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    • 1995
  • In our hospital we have seen 20 cases of congenital diaphragmatic anomalies from June 1984 until December 1993. These were classified into 10 cases of diaphragmatic eventration, 8 cases of Bochdalek hernia, 1 case of Morgagni hernia, and 1 case of esophageal hiatal hernia. Diaphragmatic eventration cases were composed of 8 males and 2 females with ages varing from 3 hour to 42 year. They were discovered by symptoms: 5 cases of respiratory insufficiency; 3 cases of frequent respiratory infection; and 2 cases by chance; 6 cases involved the left side, 4 cases involved right side. Emergency operations were done to 4 patients. Among the 10 patients, only one operative mortality occurred; 3 hour old female.Bochdalek hernia cases composed 6 females and 2 males, 5 patients were less than 6 hour old. All patients were operated on an emergency status and three of them expired due to the vicious cycle of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vasoconstriction, persistent fetal circulation, hypoxia, and metabolic acidosis. Morgagni hernia was seen in one 69 year old female patient, she had no complaint of symptoms and was incidentally detected. Hernia was repaired through right thoracotomy. She was discharged with healthy appearence. Esophageal hiatal hernia was seen in a 10 month old male patient, his symptoms were persistent vomiting and coughing since birth. Sliding type of esophageal hiatal hernia repair was completed through left thoracotomy.

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Tumor Immunology and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

  • Jung, Chi Young;Antonia, Scott J.
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제81권1호
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    • pp.29-41
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    • 2018
  • Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although progress in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been made over the past decade, the 5-year survival rate in patients with lung cancer remains only 10%-20%. Obviously, new therapeutic options are required for patients with advanced NSCLC and unmet medical needs. Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving treatment modality that uses a patient's own immune systems to fight cancer. Theoretically, cancer immunotherapy can result in long-term cancer remission and may not cause the same side effects as chemotherapy and radiation. Immunooncology has become an important focus of basic research as well as clinical trials for the treatment of NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most promising approach for cancer immunotherapy and they have become the standard of care for patients with advanced NSCLC. This review summarizes basic tumor immunology and the relevant clinical data on immunotherapeutic approaches, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC.

Structure and Function of the Influenza A Virus Non-Structural Protein 1

  • Han, Chang Woo;Jeong, Mi Suk;Jang, Se Bok
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권8호
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    • pp.1184-1192
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    • 2019
  • The influenza A virus is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen that sickens many people with respiratory disease annually. To prevent outbreaks of this viral infection, an understanding of the characteristics of virus-host interaction and development of an anti-viral agent is urgently needed. The influenza A virus can infect mammalian species including humans, pigs, horses and seals. Furthermore, this virus can switch hosts and form a novel lineage. This so-called zoonotic infection provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host and leads to pandemics. Most influenza A viruses express proteins that antagonize the antiviral defense of the host cell. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus is the most important viral regulatory factor controlling cellular processes to modulate host cell gene expression and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated antiviral response. This review focuses on the influenza A virus NS1 protein and outlines current issues including the life cycle of the influenza A virus, structural characterization of the influenza A virus NS1, interaction between NS1 and host immune response factor, and design of inhibitors resistant to the influenza A virus.

Respiratory Responses during Exercise in Self-contained Breathing Apparatus among Firefighters and Nonfirefighters

  • Hostler, David;Pendergast, David R.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.468-472
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    • 2018
  • Background: Firefighters are required to use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), which impairs ventilatory mechanics. We hypothesized that firefighters have elevated arterial $CO_2$ when using SCBA. Methods: Firefighters and controls performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer and two graded exercise tests (GXTs) at 25%, 50%, and 70% of their maximal aerobic power, once with a SCBA facemask and once with protective clothing and full SCBA. Results: Respiratory rate increased more in controls than firefighters. Heart rate increased as a function of oxygen consumption ($V_{O_2}$) more in controls than firefighters. End-tidal $CO_2$ ($ETCO_2$) during the GXTs was not affected by work rate in either group for either condition but was higher in firefighters at all work rates in both GXTs. SCBA increased $ETCO_2$ in controls but not firefighters. Conclusions: The present study showed that when compared to controls, firefighters' hypoventilate during a maximal test and GXT. The hypoventilation resulted in increased $ETCO_2$, and presumably increased arterial $CO_2$, during exertion. It is proposed that firefighters have altered $CO_2$ sensitivity due to voluntary hypoventilation during training and work. Confirmation of low $CO_2$ sensitivity and the consequence of this on performance and long-term health remain to be determined.