• Title/Summary/Keyword: resource loss

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Analysis on Characteristics of Transmission Loss using Marginal Loss Factors Based on the KEPCO's Expected Peak Load Data of Year 2000 (한계손실계수에 의한 한전 예상첨두계통 송전손실 특성 분석)

  • NamKung, Jae-Yong;Choe, Heung-Gwan;Mun, Yeong-Hwan;O, Tae-Gyu;Im, Seong-Hwang;Han, Yong-Hui
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.50 no.7
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    • pp.333-339
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    • 2001
  • The transmission networks are not perfect conductors and a percentage of the power generated is therefore lost before it reaches the loads. This network loss effects to the cost of suppling power to consumers, and must be considered if the most efficient dispatch and location of generators and loads is to be achieved. In this paper, we propose an approximate calculation of marginal loss factors to analyze characteristics of transmission loss of KEPCO power system. These static marginal loss factors are approximately calculated based on the KEPCO's expected summer peak load data of year 2000.

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Loss Aversion in International Environmental Agreements

  • Iris, Doruk;Tavoni, Alessandro
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.363-397
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    • 2018
  • We study the impact of loss-aversion and the threat of critical damages from insufficient pollutant abatement, which we jointly call threshold concerns, on the outcome of international environmental agreements. We aim to understand whether concerns for a critical level of damages induce cooperation among countries faced with the well-known free-riding problem, and yield sufficient emission reductions to avoid exceeding the threshold. Specifically, we focus on loss-averse countries negotiating under the threat of either high or low environmental damages. Under symmetry, when countries display identical degrees of threshold concern, we show that such beliefs have a positive effect on reducing the emission levels of both signatories to the treaty and non-signatories, leading to weakly larger coalitions of signatories than in the absence of reference dependence. We then introduce asymmetry, by allowing countries to differ in the degree of concern about the damages. We show that stable coalitions are mostly formed by the countries with higher threshold concerns. When enough countries exhibit standard preferences, the coalition size may diminish, regardless of the degree of concern by the others.

Investigation of Hanwoo manure management and estimation of nutrient loading coefficients on land application

  • Won, Seunggun;You, Byung-Gu;Ra, Changsix
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.20.1-20.8
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    • 2015
  • Background: In order to prepare for the regulation about the limit of manure production, the status of manure management and the amount of nutrients in the compost discharged from Hanwoo breeding farm shall be known. This study aimed to find the practical amount of nutrients (volatile solids, VS; total nitrogen, T-N; total phosphorus, T-P) in manure, and compost samples collected from 40 Hanwoo breeding farms and the loss of the nutrients was calculated during the composting period, which supports to develop nutrient loading coefficients (NLCs) for each nutrient. Results: Although the addition of bedding materials for composting caused the increase of the VS amount before composting, the comparison of VS, N, and P amounts in between manure and compost showed the lower VS by 4 % as well as T-N and T-P amounts by 69 and 40 %, respectively, of which values were corresponded with the NLCs of 0.96, 0.31, and 0.60 for VS, N, and P, respectively, based on the questionnaire, and sample analyses. Considering with the environmental impacts including land application from Hanwoo manure, P loss should be zero before and after composting. In this regard, nitrogen loss of 50 % occurs and VS was increased by 30 %. In addition, feasible cases for the calculations based on the notification from Ministry of Environment were compared with this study. Conclusions: The development of NLCs from Hanwoo manure in this study implies that the loss of nutrients in manure occurs during the composting or storing period. The mass balances of N and P from livestock manure to land application may be overestimated over the practical values. It is necessary to build up the database about each livestock category other than Hanwoo.

Study on the Measurement-Based Packet Loss Rates Assuring for End-to-End Delay-Constrained Traffic Flow (지연 제한 트래픽 흐름에 대한 측정 기반 패킷 손실률 보장에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Taejoon
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.1030-1037
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    • 2017
  • Traffic flows of real-time multimedia services such as Internet phone and IPTV are bounded on the end-to-end delay. Packets violating their delay limits will be dropped at a router because of not useful anymore. Service providers promise the quality of their providing services in terms of SLA(Service Level Agreement), and they, especially, have to guarantee the packet loss rates listed in the SLA. This paper is about a method to guarantee the required packet loss rate of each traffic flow keeping the high network resource utilization as well. In details, it assures the required loss rate by adjusting adaptively the timestamps of packets of the flow according to the difference between the required and measured loss rates in the lossy Weighted Fair Queuing(WFQ) scheduler. The proposed method is expected to be highly applicable because of assuring the packet loss rates regardless of the fluctuations of offered traffic load in terms of quality of services and statistical characteristics.

Screening of key miRNAs related with the differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes and the validation of miR-133a-3p functional significance in goats

  • Xin, Li;Hao, Zhang;Yong, Wang;Yanyan, Li;Youli, Wang;Jiangjiang, Zhu;Yaqiu, Lin
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.144-155
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    • 2023
  • Objective: Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a variety of functional genes and noncoding RNAs. However, the role of miRNAs in lipid deposition of goat white adipose tissue is still unclear. Therefore, this study revealed the miRNA expression profile in goat subcutaneous adipocytes by sRNA-seq. Methods: The miRNA expressed in goat subcutaneous preadipocytes and the mature adipocytes were sequenced by sRNA-seq. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEm) were screened and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia for genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function combined with oil red O staining, Bodipy staining, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were utilized to determine the effect of miR-133a-3p on adipocyte differentiation. Results: A total of 218 DEm were screened out. The target genes of these DEm were significantly enriched in GO items such as biological regulation and in KEGG terms such as FAK signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. qPCR verified that the expression trend of miRNA was consistent with miRNA-seq. The gain-of-function or loss-of-function of miR-133a-3p showed that it promoted or inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ were extremely significantly up-regulated or down-regulated respectively (p<0.01), the loss-of-function also led to a significant down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study successfully identified miRNAs expression patterns in goat subcutaneous adipocytes, and functional identification indicates that miR-133a-3p is a positive regulator of the differentiation process of goat subcutaneous adipocytes. Our results lay the foundation for the molecular mechanism of lipid deposition in meat-source goats from the perspective of miRNA.

A Study On Status of Remodeling in Newly Built Apartments and Its Improvements (신축 공동주택의 리모델링 실태와 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Yeob;Lee, Ji-Young;Kim, Dae-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.6 no.4 s.22
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2006
  • Currently, due to remodeling of newly built apartment, national resource loss and personal economic loss are being occurred and construction wastes are making more environmental issues. This study aims to devise reduction in cost and economic loss coming from remodeling by selecting general house size of apartment, carrying out surveys and investigating current status of remodeling before and after moving into newly built apartments.

Analysis for gillnet loss in the West Sea using numerical modeling (수치 모델링을 이용한 홑자망 어구의 유실 원인 분석)

  • LEE, Gun-Ho;KIM, In-Ok;CHA, Bong-Jin;JUNG, Seong-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.600-613
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    • 2015
  • The Fishing gear loss has been repeated every year in the West Sea; however, there has been no solution. So fisher men have undergone economic loss every year. Thus it is required to reduce the loss of fishing gear. In this study to find out the reason that the fishing gear is lost in the Sea, 10 years data of wave and current for 6 locations in the West Sea were investigated and a numerical modelling were conducted into the behaviour of a gillnet in wave and current. The fishing gear was modelled with the mass spring model. As a result, it came out into the open that the location where fishing gear loss occurred most frequently was Choongnam province. The height of the maximum significant wave in this province was 6.7 m and the period of that was 4.4 second. The maximum current speed was 0.7 m/s. As a result of simulation with these data, it was revealed that the buoy is one of the reasons to decrease the holding power of the gillnet. For example, the tension of anchor rope was decreased to 50% while the drag coefficient or volume of buoy was decreased to 25%. So it is predicted that an improvement of the buoy contributes to the reduction of the gillnet loss.

Implementation of platform for long-term evolution cell perspective resource utilization analysis

  • Um, Jungsun;Kim, Igor;Park, Seungkeun
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.232-245
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    • 2021
  • As wireless communication continues to develop in limited frequency resource environments, it is becoming important to identify the state of spectrum utilization and predict the amount needed in future. It is essential to collect reliable information for data analysis. This paper introduces a platform that enables the gathering of the scheduling information of a long-term evolution (LTE) cellular system without connecting to the network. A typical LTE terminal can confirm its assigned resource information using the configuration parameters delivered from a network. However, our platform receives and captures only the LTE signal over the air and then enables the estimation of the data relevant to scheduling for all terminals within an LTE cell. After extracting the control channel signal without loss from all LTE subframes, it detects valid downlink control information using the proposed algorithm, which is based on the error vector magnitude of depatterned symbols. We verify the reliability of the developed platform by comparing it with real data from mobile phones and service operators. The average difference in resource block utilization is only 0.28%.

A Framework to Estimate GDP Loss due to Extreme Water-related Disaster in Kangwon-do

  • Kang, Sang-Hyeok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2007
  • Large scale flood disasters bring human losses and properties, which lead to the decrease of our productive value and change social environment. Human loss and economic damage are considered to be the same system but they are viewed as separated systems. The total amount of human loss can be represented as the total amount of economic damage estimated in the frame of social system while it will be possible to make mutual changing by clearing the relations between social and economic systems. In this regard, an attempt to estimate economic loss considering per capita Gross Domestic Production (GDP) caused by flood-related mortality was carried out to the typhoon Rusa of 2002 in Kangwon-do. The proposed method tried to capture quantitative factors which are affecting the loss of per capita GDP. The approach has great importance not only to set up governmental policy but also methodological progress in the research due to impact of disaster-related mortality on GDP loss.

Torque Estimation Using Precise Calculations of Inductance and Iron loss Mathematization

  • Cho, Gyu-Won;Kim, Gyu-Tak
    • Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.300-305
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    • 2013
  • The torque was calculated with inductance and iron loss. Because the linkage flux can change the inductance, and q-axis current can change the iron loss. Therefore, precise estimation of torque can achieve with the inductance and iron loss detail calculations. So, in this paper, the d, q-axis inductance was verified through CVCT(Current Vector Control Test) and DCT(Direct Current Test). Also in the iron loss calculation, the prediction of all areas of current magnitude, phase angle and speed was very difficult. And LUT(Look-Up Table) was spent time and resource largely. Therefore, iron loss mathematization was proposed according to current magnitude, phase angle and speed. Also, characteristics of IPMSM were comprised of analyzed and experimental values.