• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.167-195
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• 2012

A Chinese female writer Linhaiyin(林海音) and Chengnanjiushi(城南舊事), her representative work, have never been studied in Korea before although she and her literary works stand high and are well known in the history of the modern Chinese literature. Thus, in this paper, I analyze her and her novels included in Chengnanjiushi and study their literary value and meaning. To analyze and study them, I mainly consider novels Anhuiguan, Womenkanhaiqu, Lanyiniang, $L{\acute{\ddot{u}}}dagunr$, and Babadehuarluole included in Chengnanjiushi. Firstly, I look into her attitude and mode to observe children and women's life as a writer. Such attitude and mode succeeded to the spirit of the '5.4 literature'. Secondly, I evaluate Linhaiyin's 'Both sides complex' and its value in the history of literature. From this evaluation, the meaning of Linhaiyin's literature is highlighted. She was free from 'Both sides complex' occurred due to the circumstance of the times and played a role of a bridge so as not to break off literature of China and Taiwan. When her and her works are evaluated, this is one of the most important values. The characteristic of her writing mode is that she did not seek a compelling climax, a surprising reversal, or an exclusive plot or character in her works. In her works, plain description or unwitting conversation and story often imply deep meanings. Thus, at unexpected moment after reading her novels, readers truly listen to deep resonance for her attitude and mode to observe people's life. This is exactly her potential energy that makes readers sink into her literary world regardless of time and space.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2019

The coils to transmit the electric energy are necessary to charge an electric vehicle wirelessly. There are several types of coils, from basic circular coils to DD-type coils for enhancing the coupling effect between two coils. However, DD-type coils with a good coupling effect between coils have a disadvantage in use because of the structure complexity of the power conversion device of transmitting and receiving side. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate the inductance value and to design the size of the spiral inductor which is convenient to fabricate when the power is transmitted wirelessly by using two coils in free space. Since the bifurcation phenomenon occurs when the XLm value is similar to the load resistance value in the resonator the XLm value was selected to be equal to the minimum load resistance value to minimize this phenomenon, and the inductance value required for the resonator was calculated. In order to realize the calculated inductance value by the spiral inductor, the relationship between the inductance value and the size, the number of turns, the total coil length of a spiral inductor was investigated. In addition, the change of coupling coefficient k according to the horizontal separation of two coils was examined and an appropriate inductor was selected.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.145-158
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• 2022

The dynamics of the outer zone radiation belt has received a lot of attention mainly due to the correlation between the occurrence of enhancing relativistic electron flux and spacecraft operation anomalies or even failures (e.g., Baker et al. 1994). Relativistic electron events are often observed during great storms associated with ultra low frequency (ULF) waves. For example, a large buildup of relativistic electrons was observed during the great storm of March 24, 1991 (e.g., Li et al. 1993; Hudson et al. 1995; Mann et al. 2013). However, the dominant processes which accelerate magnetospheric radiation belt electrons to MeV energies are not well understood. In this paper, we present observations of Pc5 ULF waves in the recovery phase of the Bastille day storm of July 16, 2000 and electron and proton flux simultaneously oscillating with the same frequencies as the waves. The mechanism for the observed electron and proton flux modulations is examined using ground-based and satellite observations. During this storm time, multiple packets of discrete frequency Pc5 ULF waves appeared associated with energetic particle flux oscillations. We model the drift paths of electrons and protons to determine if the particles drift through the ULF wave to understand why some particle fluxes are modulated by the ULF waves and others are not. We also analyze the flux oscillations of electrons and protons as a function of energy to determine if the particle modulations are caused by a ULF wave drift resonance or advection of a particle density gradient. We suggest that the energetic electron and proton modulations by Pc5 ULF waves provide further evidence in support of the important role that ULF waves play in outer radiation belt dyanamics during storm times.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.207-218
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• 2020

The following recommendations are presented herein: All trauma patients admitted to the resuscitation room should be constantly (or periodically) monitored for parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature, electrocardiography, Glasgow Coma Scale, and pupil reflex (1C). Chest AP and pelvic AP should be performed as the standard initial trauma series for severe trauma patients (1B). In patients with severe hemodynamically unstable trauma, it is recommended to perform extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (eFAST) as an initial examination (1B). In hemodynamically stable trauma patients, eFAST can be considered as the initial examination (2B). For the diagnosis of suspected head trauma patients, brain computed tomography (CT) should be performed as an initial examination (1B). Cervical spine CT should be performed as an initial imaging test for patients with suspected cervical spine injury (1C). It is not necessary to perform chest CT as an initial examination in all patients with suspected chest injury, but in cases of suspected vascular injury in patients with thoracic or high-energy damage due to the mechanism of injury, chest CT can be considered for patients in a hemodynamically stable condition (2B). CT of the abdomen is recommended for patients suspected of abdominal trauma with stable vital signs (1B). CT of the abdomen should be considered for suspected pelvic trauma patients with stable vital signs (2B). Whole-body CT can be considered in patients with suspicion of severe trauma with stable vital signs (2B). Magnetic resonance imaging can be considered in hemodynamically stable trauma patients with suspected spinal cord injuries (2B).

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2022

It is suggested that magnetosonic waves (also known as equatorial noise) can scatter radiation belt electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. Therefore, it is important to understand the global distribution of these waves between the proton cyclotron frequency and the lower hybrid resonance frequency. In this study, we developed an empirical model for estimating the global distribution of magnetosonic wave amplitudes and wave normal angles. The model is based on the entire mission period (approximately 2012-2019) of observations of Van Allen Probes A and B as a function of the distance from the Earth (denoted by L^*), magnetic local time (MLT), magnetic latitude (λ), and geomagnetic activity (denoted by the Kp index). In previous studies the wave distribution inside and outside the plasmasphere were separately investigated and modeled. Our model, on the other hand, identifies the wave distribution along with the ambient plasma environment-defined by the ratio of the plasma frequency (f_pe) to the electron cyclotron frequency (f_ce)-without separately determining the wave distribution according to the plasmapause location. The model results show that, as Kp increases, the dayside wave amplitude in the equatorial region intensifies. It thereby propagates the intense region towards the wider MLT and inward to L^* < 4. In contrast, the f_pe/f_ce ratio decreases with increasing Kp for all regions. Nevertheless, the decreasing aspect differs between regions above and below L^* = 4. This finding implies that the particle energy and pitch angle that magnetosonic waves can effectively scatter vary depending on the locations and geomagnetic activity. Our model agrees with the statistically observed wave distribution and ambient plasma environment with a coefficient of determination of > 0.9. The model is valid in all MLTs, 2 ≤ L^* < 6, |λ| < 20°, and Kp ≤ 6.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.303-307
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• 2022

Magnetoelectric (ME) properties of 3-0 type particulate composites have been investigated with respect to application features for reliable magnetic sensitivity and magnetically-induced output voltage. In order to figure out the magnetoelectric characteristics in the ME composites, frequency dependent ME responses were studied from [0.948 Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃-0.052 LiSbO₃]-[Co_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄] (NKNLS)/Co_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ (CZFO, x=0, 0.1, and 0.2). As a result, the maximal α_ME of 23.15 mV/cm·Oe was achieved from the NKNLS-CZFO (x_Zn = 0.1) composites at resonance frequency of 315 kHz and H_dc = 0 Oe. From the frequency dependent ME responses, it is clearly described that the self-biased ME composites can be used for applications as both magnetic sensors and energy harvesters, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2024

Background: Ginsenoside F2 (GF2), the protopanaxadiol-type constituent in Panax ginseng, has been reported to attenuate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, this study investigates the molecular mechanism by which GF2 regulates MASLD progression through liver X receptor (LXR). Methods: To demonstrate the effect of GF2 on LXR activity, computational modeling of protein-ligand binding, Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for LXR cofactor recruitment, and luciferase reporter assay were performed. LXR agonist T0901317 was used for LXR activation in hepatocytes and macrophages. MASLD was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding with or without GF2 administration in WT and LXRα^-/- mice. Results: Computational modeling showed that GF2 had a high affinity with LXRα. LXRE-luciferase reporter assay with amino acid substitution at the predicted ligand binding site revealed that the S264 residue of LXRα was the crucial interaction site of GF2. TR-FRET assay demonstrated that GF2 suppressed LXRα activity by favoring the binding of corepressors to LXRα while inhibiting the accessibility of coactivators. In vitro, GF2 treatments reduced T0901317-induced fat accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in hepatocytes and macrophages, respectively. Consistently, GF2 administration ameliorated hepatic steatohepatitis and improved glucose or insulin tolerance in WT but not in LXRα^-/- mice. Conclusion: GF2 alters the binding affinities of LXRα coregulators, thereby interrupting hepatic steatosis and inflammation in macrophages. Therefore, we propose that GF2 might be a potential therapeutic agent for the intervention in patients with MASLD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.289-295
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• 2024

We have developed an aptamer that specifically binds to Porphyromonas gingivalis to reduce the cellular damage caused by P. gingivalis infection and applied it as a biosensor. P. gingivalis is one of the major pathogens causing destructive periodontal disease among the periodontal microorganisms constituting complex biofilms. Porphyromonas gingivalis G-protein (PGP) known to play an important role in the transmission of germs was used as a target protein for the screening of aptamer. The aptamer that has binds to the G-protein of P. gingivalis, was screened and developed through the Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Energy (SELEX) method. Modified-Western blot analysis was performed with the aptamer which consisted of 38 single-stranded DNA to confirm the selectivity. ELONA (enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay) used to confirm that the aptamer was sensitive to PGP even at low concentration of 1 ㎍/ml. For the rapid detection of P. gingivalis, we constructed a surface plasmon resonance biosensor with SPREETA using the PGP aptamer. It was confirmed that PGP could be detected as low concentration as at 0.1 pM, which is the minimum concentration of aptamer sensor within 5 min. Based on these results, we have constructed a SPREETA biosensor based on aptamer that can bind to P. gingivalis G-protein. It can be used as an infection diagnosis system to rapidly diagnose and analyze oral diseases caused by P. gingivalis.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.147-154
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• 2024

This study focuses on the modeling and analysis of the linear generator for a bladeless wind power generation to overcome the limitations and drawbacks of conventional wind turbines. A bladeless wind power generation system has the advantages of low land requirement for installation and maintenance cost compared to a blade wind power turbine. Nevertheless, question concerning the generator topology are not satisfying answered. The goal of the research is to compare and analyze the characteristics of horizontal and vertical structures of linear generator for bladeless wind power systems. The proposed topology will be analyzed using magnetic energy by equivalent magnetic circuit method, and then it has been compared and evaluated by finite element method. The results of this project will give elaborate information about new generator structures for wind power system and provide insights into the characteristics of bladeless wind power generation.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1999

After preparing $Mg_2Ni_{1-x}{^{57}}Fe_x$(x=0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.24) alloys, they were studied by $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ resonance. The $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra of x=0.015 and 0.03 alloys exhibit two doublets (doublet 1, 2). That of x=0.06 alloys shows two doublets (doublet 1,2) and one six-line, and those of x=0.12 and 0.24 alloys have only one six-line. The doublet 1 for x=0.015, 0.03 and 0.06 alloys is considered to result from a fraction of Fe in excess showing a superparamagnetic behavior. The doublet 2 is considered to result from the Fe substituted for Ni in the $Mg_2Ni$ phase. The values of isomer shift 0.24 ~ 0.28 mm/s suggest that the iron exist in the state $Fe^{+3}$. The result that the quadrapole splitting of the doublet 2 is not zero shows that the distribution of electrons around the iron is asymmetric. Their values for the doublet 2, 1.20 ~ 1.38 mm/s, approach the value of quadrapole for the oxidation number +3. The six-line showing the magnetic hyperfine interactions results from the iron which has not substituted the nickel in the $Mg_2Ni$ phase. The $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra of the hydrided alloys with x=0.015 and 0.03 show six-line. This suggests that the iron segregates with the hydriding reaction. The analysis results of the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectrum, the variation of magnetization with magnetic field, Auger electron spectroscopy and electron diffraction show the segregation of Ni and the formation of MgO. This is considered to result from the reaction of the $Mg_2Ni$ phase with the oxygen contained in the hydrogen as impurity.