Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences

The Korean Space Science Society (한국우주과학회)
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Energetic Electron and Proton Interactions with Pc5 Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Waves during the Great Geomagnetic Storm of 15-16 July 2000

  • Lee, Eunah (Department of Physics, University of Alberta) ;
  • Mann, Ian R. (Department of Physics, University of Alberta) ;
  • Ozeke, Louis G. (Department of Physics, University of Alberta)
  • Received : 2022.10.18
  • Accepted : 2022.12.11
  • Published : 2022.12.15
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Abstract

The dynamics of the outer zone radiation belt has received a lot of attention mainly due to the correlation between the occurrence of enhancing relativistic electron flux and spacecraft operation anomalies or even failures (e.g., Baker et al. 1994). Relativistic electron events are often observed during great storms associated with ultra low frequency (ULF) waves. For example, a large buildup of relativistic electrons was observed during the great storm of March 24, 1991 (e.g., Li et al. 1993; Hudson et al. 1995; Mann et al. 2013). However, the dominant processes which accelerate magnetospheric radiation belt electrons to MeV energies are not well understood. In this paper, we present observations of Pc5 ULF waves in the recovery phase of the Bastille day storm of July 16, 2000 and electron and proton flux simultaneously oscillating with the same frequencies as the waves. The mechanism for the observed electron and proton flux modulations is examined using ground-based and satellite observations. During this storm time, multiple packets of discrete frequency Pc5 ULF waves appeared associated with energetic particle flux oscillations. We model the drift paths of electrons and protons to determine if the particles drift through the ULF wave to understand why some particle fluxes are modulated by the ULF waves and others are not. We also analyze the flux oscillations of electrons and protons as a function of energy to determine if the particle modulations are caused by a ULF wave drift resonance or advection of a particle density gradient. We suggest that the energetic electron and proton modulations by Pc5 ULF waves provide further evidence in support of the important role that ULF waves play in outer radiation belt dyanamics during storm times.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This paper was modified and developed from a part of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author, which is submitted to and granted by the University of Alberta. This work was supported in part by a Canadian NSERC Discovery Grant to I.R.M. and partially by the Canadian Space Agency. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The authors thank I.R. Mann, D.K. Milling and the rest of the CARISMA team for data. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency. We thank the institutes who maintain the IMAGE Magnetometer Array: Tromso Geophysical Observatory of UiT the Arctic University of Norway (Norway), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland), Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany), Geological Survey of Sweden (Sweden), Swedish Institute of Space Physics (Sweden), Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu (Finland), Polar Geophysical Institute (Russia), and DTU Technical University of Denmark (Denmark). SAMNET is a UK PPARC National Facility operated by Lancaster University. The authors thank K. Shiokawa at Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University for the 210 MM chain magnetometer data. We thank the national institutes that support them and INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice (www.intermagnet.org). The GOES 8 magnetic field data are produced in real time by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) and are distributed by the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) (http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/goes/data/). We thank Geoff Reeves and the team at LANL for providing the SOPA data. This was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2022R1A2C1092602).

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