• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.1324-1329
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the transformed Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 (T-Pg4) harboring the ${\beta}$-glucanase gene as a poultry probiotic. The probiotic properties of the T-Pg4 strain were evaluated in vitro by their adherence capability and acid and bile salt tolerance, and were evaluated in vivo by their survival and adhesion in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The results showed that the T-Pg4 strain exhibited resistance to acidic conditions and contact with bile salt, and adhered efficiently to the crop and intestinal epithelial cells of chickens in vitro. The T-Pg4 strain also could survive and colonize the gastrointestinal epithelium of the experimental SPF chickens in vivo. In addition, radial enzyme diffusion was used to demonstrate that the Lactobacillus spp. randomly isolated from the GIT of the SPF chickens fed T-Pg4 possessed ${\beta}$-glucanase secretion capability. These findings have demonstrated that the transformed L. reuteri Pg4 survives transit through the stomach and intestine, and may secrete ${\beta}$-glucanase in the chicken GIT. Therefore, it is suggested that this organism could be used as a multifunctional poultry probiotic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.659-664
• /
• 2010

The present study was to investigate the effect of the transition from conventional to organic dairy farming on the antimicrobial resistant pattern of pathogens in milk. A farm with tie-stall management, with an average herd size of 20 milking cows, was selected based on the owner' willingness to accept, for at least 6 months, the highly restricted protocol developed in this study. Comparisons of bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibilities before changing to an organic farm system (BEFORE) and for 6 months after (AFTER) operating the experimental organic farm system were performed by Fisher's Exact Chi-square tests. Significant levels were defined at p<0.05. During the AFTER period, average frequency of antibiotic treatment was decreased from more than 3 cases/month to less than 1 case/month during which the antibiotic use was authorized only by the veterinarian. In total, 92 and 70 quarter milk samples from 24 and 18 cows during BEFORE and AFTER, respectively, were included in the study. Overall, isolates ranged from a non-resistant level for cephazolin to a very high resistant level to streptomycin (64.71% to 95.45%). Percentages of antimicrobial resistant isolates during BEFORE were significantly higher than during AFTER for ampicillin (43.48% and 5.88%, respectively) and streptomycin (95.45% and 64.71%, respectively). In conclusion, percentages of antimicrobial resistant isolates were decreased after 6 months of operating as an organic farm system.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제63권11호
• /
• pp.1533-1537
• /
• 2014

$WO_3/Ag/WO_3$ multilayer was researched by using RF magnetron sputtering with transparent electrode. Process gas flow ratio with $Ar/O_2$ were selected the optimum conditions at 70sccm/2sccm and $WO_3$ thin film at its conditions was appeared at transmittance about 80% in the visible light region to the average. $WO_3/Ag/WO_3$ multilayer thin films were fabricated from the same process condition which was the same gas flow ratio of Ar and $O_2$ $WO_3/Ag/WO_3$ thin films were appeared transmittance about 93% and sheet resistance about $6.41{\Omega}/{\square}$. From the SEM images, each thin films were appeared when $WO_3$ is 40nm and $O_2$ is 10nm.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2010

임베디드 시스템이 모놀리식(monolithic) 커널을 사용하면서, NAND 플래시 메모리는 가상 메모리 시스템의 스왑(swap) 공간을 위해 사용되고 있다. 플래시 메모리는 저전력 소비, 충격 내구성, 비 휘발성의 장점을 가지지만, '쓰기 전 삭제'의 특징 때문에 가비지 컬렉션(GC) 작업이 필요하다. GC 기법의 효율성은 플래시 메모리 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 플래시 메모리를 기반으로 하는 가상 메모리 시스템에서 메인 메모리와 플래시 메모리 사이에 중복된 데이터를 활용한 새로운 GC 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 GC 부하를 최소화하기 위해 데이터의 지역성을 고려한다. 실험 결과는 제안된 GC 기법이 이전의 기법과 비교하여 평균적으로 37%의 성능을 향상시킴을 보여준다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.711-718
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 피혁에 사용되는 수용성 폴리우레탄 사슬 연장제인 1,4-butanediol(1,4-BD)의 함유에 따른 물성변화를 조사하였다. 합성에 사용된 시약은 poly propylene glycol(PPG), isoporon diisocyanate((IPDI), dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA), 1,4-BD를 사용하였다. 1,4-BD의 함유에 따른 내용제성과 내굴곡성 측정값은 시료 전부 우수한 물성을 보였다. 인장강도, 내마모성 측정결과 1,4-BD가 많이 함유된 시료들이 각각 $1.80kg_f/mm^2$, 49.54 mg.loss로 우수한 물성을 확인하였다. 연실율 측정결과 1,4-BD가 적게 함유된 시료가 364%로 가장 우수한 측정값을 나타냈다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2010

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 73 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs and cats was determined against 16 antimicrobial agents. All isolates were susceptible to cephalothin (CF), vancomycin (VA), rifampin (RA), quinupristin-dalfopristin (SYN) and linezolid (LZD), whereas more than 86.3% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin (P). In the case of enterotoxin production, 8.2% of 73 strains produced enterotoxin A and 1 strain produced enterotoxin C. Appropriate protocols for antimicrobial agents and strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance will need to be investigated in the future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.570-574
• /
• 2016

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective ($EC_{50}$ < $0.1{\mu}g/ml$), and pyrimethanil was the least effective ($EC_{50}=50{\mu}g/ml$), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : Performance evaluation of four types of asphalt concrete overlays for deteriorated national highways. METHODS : Pavement distress surveys for crack rate and rut depth have been conducted annually using an automated pavement survey vehicle since 2007. Linear and non-linear performance prediction models of the asphalt concrete overlays were developed for 43 sections. The service life of the asphalt overlays was defined as the number of years after which a crack rate of 30% or rut depth of 15mm is observed. RESULTS : The service life of the asphalt overlays was estimated as 17.4 years on an average. In 90.7% of the sections, the service life of the overlays was 15 years or more which is 1.5 times the life of conventional asphalt concrete overlays used in national highways. The performance of the overlays was dependent on the type of asphalt mixture, traffic volume levels, and environmental conditions. CONCLUSIONS : The usage of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) and polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) for the overlays provided good resistance to cracking and rutting development. It is recommended that appropriate asphalt concrete overlays must be applied depending on the type of existing pavement distress.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1994

Eighteen infants with a large ventricular septal defect[VSD] underwent primary surgical repair from January 1986 to December 1992. Operation was done because of failure to thrive, medically intractable heart failure, recurrent pneumonia, increased pulmonary vascular resistance[PVR]. Four patients[22.2%] died in the early postoperative period. Relief of heart failure and normalization of growth and weight gain was evident in all survivor. There was no late postoperative death. The results of primary surgical repair of VSD in infancy are compared with those of palliative pulmonary artery banding[PAB] and of VSD closure after PAB. Twenty-seven patients with isolated VSD or with VSD associated with atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or coarctation of the aorta underwent initial palliative PAB. There were 3 early postoperative deaths[11.1%]. Severe elevation of PVR persisted in two patients. Closure of VSD and pulmonary artery debanding was done in twenty patients, with 2 early postoperative deaths[10.0%]. Placement of the PAB too close to the pulmonary annulus necessitated trasannular patching in one patient, but any problem caused by migration of the band was not developed. It is concluded that primary surgical repair of VSD in infancy is reasonable and that PAB is indicated only for those patients less than 6 months old with a complicated defect or in an emergency situation.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.856-866
• /
• 2011

This study examines how brands can be managed to influence the degree of their resistance to negative information and the extent to which this immunity to negative information predicts the purchase intention of consumers. In particular, the study investigated the difference between brand commitment and brand immunity on negative information in terms of the concept and the power of influence. A total of 410 usable questionnaires were obtained through an internet survey. A structural equation model using a correlation matrix with maximum likelihood was estimated using AMOS 18.0 to examine the relationship among a brand's social responsibility, quality orientation, brand innovativeness, easy purchase intention, and difficult purchase intention. The results showed that brand's social responsibility had significant effects on brand immunity to negative information while quality orientation and brand innovativeness had significant effects on brand commitment. In addition, brand immunity had significant effects on brand commitment and then brand commitment had a significant effect on easy and difficult purchase intentions. The key implications for research and management are discussed.