• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2003

The size of low voltage level conductor cables can be installed with a long length just like a aviation field, shall be determined for considering the ampacity of cable and the drop of voltage for the power system. Therefore, The size of the conductor cables may be larger one for considering the tolerable voltage drop comparatively, although the allowable ampacity of the conductor cables may have a margin in comparison with the rated full load current In this case, the conductor cables' allowable ampacity will be very larger than the rated full load current and the generated heat of the conductor will be relatively downed. The conductor cables' alternating current resistance corrected with the maximum allowable temperature of the conductors, has been applied on the general formula for the calculating the voltage drop in determinating the size of low voltage level conductor cables, and the resistance is larger than the resistance corrected with the actual temperature of the conductor cables. This paper was studied for the purpose of the conductor resistance corrected with the actual temperature rise of the conductor and address the economic design formula so that this studies shall minimize the errors which can be occurred in comparison with the general formula and which can be applied in design work for determining the size of low voltage level conductor cables.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the erythromycin resistance patterns of Enterococci sp. present in cow milk. A total 110 erythromycin resistant Enterococci were isolated from milk samples; E. faecalis (n=101), E. avium (n=7), and E. durans (n=2). The minimum inhibitory concentration of erythromycin against 110 Enterococci were determined. The 66.3% of Entercocci (n=73) showed high level resistance (${\geq}64$ mg/ml). Among 110 isolates, 86.3% (n=95) showed $cMLS_B$ phenotype and 13.6% (n=15) showed $iMLS_B$ The aim of this study was to investigate the erythromycin resistance patterns of Enterococci sp. present in cow milk. A total 110 erythromycin resistant Enterococci were isolated from milk samples; E. faecalis (n=101), E. avium (n=7), and E. durans (n=2). The minimum inhibitory concentration of erythromycin against 110 Enterococci were determined. The 66.3% of Entercocci (n=73) showed high level resistance (${\geq}64$ mg/ml). Among 110 isolates, 86.3% (n=95) showed $cMLS_B$ phenotype and 13.6% (n=15) showed $iMLS_B$ phenotype. All of isolates have erm(B) determinant, 75.45% (n=83) have mef(A) an efflux system determinant. The majority of Enetrcococci isolated from raw milk samples in northern area of Gyeonggi-Do showed high level of resistance to erythromycin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-16
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• 1999

Genetic variability was monitored by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) in dicofol-susceptible (S), dicofol-resistant (R) and its reverse-selected (RS) strains of two-spotted spider mite, of Tetranychus urticae. Before the reverse-selection, RS strain, selected reversely from R strain, was 23-fold resistance ratio at {TEX}$LC_{50}${/TEX} to S strain. The resistance was started to in incline slowly to the resistance level of S strain after one year, and the resistance ratio was 4-fold in the 7 years after then. PCR-amplification of T. urticae DNA showed polymorphism in the amplifications with 12 primers in 100 kinds of arbitrary DNA sequences. RAPD amplification with primer OPR-12 (5`-ACAGGTGCGT-3`) showed amplified bands at 1,000 base pair in the S-and RS-strain, and at 350 base pair in R-strain. The results of polymorphism are genetic variabilities derived from development and selection of resistance in each strain. The peculiarly amplified fragments were guessed to participate in dicofol resistance. From the analysis of genetic similarity, it is inferred the gene composition of S-and RS-strain is much closer than that of R-strain.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.21
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

Lines bred for resistance to Phytophthora capsici by incorporation of resistance to P. capsici in PI201234 or CM334 into 'Subi' and 'Chilseong', land races in Youngyang, and 'Punggak', a land race in Cheongdo in Gyeungbuk province, and lines bred for fortification of one of them above with resistance to viral complex, and tolerant selections from another landrace collection from Punggak (KC268) were evaluated for resistance to P. capsici by inoculation at seedling stage. Almost all the breeding lines showed high level of resistance to P. capsid and selections from KC268 showed tolerance or moderate resistance to P. capsid. The selected plants were grown in a net cage in an outdoor nursery for seed production. Utilization of the lines in breeding was discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2013

Objective: To compare the blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance during the two phases of the menstrual cycle between healthy women and patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: From January of 2011 to the August of 2012, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among students in the School of Medicine of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. We included 30 students with the most severe symptoms of PMS and 30 age frequency-matched healthy controls. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance by using the glucose oxidase method, radioimmunometric assay, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance equation, respectively. Results: No significant differences between the demographic data of the control and PMS groups were observed. The mean concentrations of glucose of the two study groups were significantly different during the follicular and luteal phases (p=0.011 vs. p<0.0001, respectively). The amounts of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the two study groups were significantly different in the luteal phase (p=0.0005). Conclusion: The level of blood glucose and insulin resistance was lower during the two phases of the menstrual cycle of the PMS group than that of the controls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.598-603
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• 2009

Resistance spot welding has been investigated to apply for manufacturing car bodies because of its high productivity. So quality of resistance spot weld is one of the major concerns for both automobile and aerospace industry. Current design trends in automotive manufacture have shifted emphasis to alternative lightweight materials in order to aid in producing vehicles with higher fuel efficiency and lower down the vehicle emission level for environmental control. There is increasing emphasis to provide lighter cars. Therefore there is an effort to use high strength steels such as HSLA, dual phase, in car body. However there is used in restricted because of difficulty in producing consistently high quality resistance spot welds. In this study, resistance spot welding schedules were developed to achieve acceptable welds with improved static mechanical properties. Improved resistance spot welding schedules were developed using post heating current to reduce the cooling rate, or in-process tempering to reduce the hardness of the weld produced. The effects of resistance spot welding process parameter on hardening fracture mode and static mechanical properties of the joints were determined.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2014

We performed this study to evaluate the role of Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) in insulin resistance during normal pregnancy. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on 97 healthy pregnant women including 32, 25, and 40 individuals in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, and on 28 healthy non pregnant women between the autumn of 2012 and the spring of 2013. We analyzed the serum concentrations of IL-17 and IL-18 by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance equation. No significant differences between the demographic data of the pregnant and non pregnant groups were observed. Insulin resistant in pregnant women was significantly higher than the controls (p=0.006). Serum IL-17 concentration was significantly different in non pregnant women and pregnant women in all gestational ages (p<0.05). Serum IL-18 level was significantly lower in subjects with first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy in compared to non pregnant women (p<0.05). No significant correlations were found between serum IL-17 and IL-18 levels with insulin resistance (r=0.08, p=0.34 vs. r=0.01, p=0.91, respectively). Our data suggested that IL-17 and IL-18 do not appear to attribute greatly to pregnancy deduced insulin resistance during normal pregnancy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.699-707
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• 2015

The ice-resistance estimation technique for icebreaking ships had been studied intensively over recent years to meet the needs of designing Arctic vessels. Before testing in the ice model basin, the estimation of a ship's ice resistance with high reliability is very important to decide the delivered power necessary for level ice operation. The main idea of previous studies came from several empirical formulas, such as Poznyak and Ionov (1981), Enkvist (1972) and Shimansky (1938) methods, in which ice resistance components such as icebreaking, buoyancy and clearing resistances were represented by the integral equations along the Design Load Water Line (DLWL). The current study proposes a few modified methods not only considering the DLWL shape, but also the hull shape under the DLWL. In the proposed methodology, the DLWL shape for icebreaking resistance and the hull shape under the DLWL for buoyancy and clearing resistances can be directly considered in the calculation. Especially, when calculating clearing resistance, the flow pattern of ice particles under the DLWL of ship is assumed to be in accordance with the ice flow observed during ice model testing. This paper also deals with application examples for a few ship designs and its ice model testing programs at the AARC ice model basin. From the comparison of results of the model test and the estimation, the reliability of this estimation technique has been discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

Resistance to diseases caused by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in crop species of the family Brassicaceae has been studied extensively, especially in members of the genus Brassica. The variation in response observed on resistant and susceptible plants inoculated with different isolates of TuMV is due to a combination of the variation in the plant resistome and the variation in the virus genome. Here, we review the breadth of this variation, both at the level of variation in TuMV sequences, with one eye towards the phylogeny and evolution of the virus, and another eye towards the nature of the various responses observed in susceptible vs. different types of resistance responses. The analyses of the viral genomes allowed comparisons of pathotyped viruses on particular indicator hosts to produce clusters of host types, while the inclusion of phylogeny data and geographic location allowed the formation of the host/geographic cluster groups, the derivation of both of which are presented here. Various studies on resistance determination in particular brassica crops sometimes led to further genetic studies, in many cases to include the mapping of genes, and in some cases to the actual identification of the genes. In addition to summarizing the results from such studies done in brassica crops, as well as in radish and Arabidopsis (the latter as a potential source of candidate genes for brassica and radish), we also summarize work done using nonconventional approaches to obtaining resistance to TuMV.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.82.1-82.12
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• 2023

Background: The current conventional serotyping based on antigen-antisera agglutination could not provide a better understanding of the potential pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Brancaster. Surveillance data from Malaysian poultry farms indicated an increase in its presence over the years. Objective: This study aims to investigate the virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance in S. Brancaster isolated from chickens in Malaysia. Methods: One hundred strains of archived S. Brancaster isolated from chicken cloacal swabs and raw chicken meat from 2017 to 2022 were studied. Two sets of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to identify eight virulence genes associated with pathogenicity in Salmonella (invasion protein gene [invA], Salmonella invasion protein gene [sipB], Salmonella-induced filament gene [sifA], cytolethal-distending toxin B gene [cdtB], Salmonella iron transporter gene [sitC], Salmonella pathogenicity islands gene [spiA], Salmonella plasmid virulence gene [spvB], and inositol phosphate phosphatase gene [sopB]). Antimicrobial susceptibility assessment was conducted by disc diffusion method on nine selected antibiotics for the S. Brancaster isolates. S. Brancaster, with the phenotypic ACSSuT-resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracycline), was subjected to PCR to detect the corresponding resistance gene(s). Results: Virulence genes detected in S. Brancaster in this study were invA, sitC, spiA, sipB, sopB, sifA, cdtB, and spvB. A total of 36 antibiogram patterns of S. Brancaster with a high level of multidrug resistance were observed, with ampicillin exhibiting the highest resistance. Over a third of the isolates displayed ACSSuT-resistance, and seven resistance genes (β-lactamase temoneira [bla_TEM], florfenicol/chloramphenicol resistance gene [floR], streptomycin resistance gene [strA], aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene [ant(3")-Ia], sulfonamides resistance gene [sul-1, sul-2], and tetracycline resistance gene [tetA]) were detected. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant S. Brancaster from chickens harbored an array of virulence-associated genes similar to other clinically significant and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars, placing it as another significant foodborne zoonosis.