• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 1992

This study was carried out to find out some characteristic responses of biological samples under the exposure of trace metals with the considering of Sex, age, residence period and smoking. Blood, Urine and Hair were collected from 116 dwellers in the vicinity of a smelting factory. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the following results were found important. 1) The concentrations of trace metals in the blood were 0.010+ 0.003 $\mu$g/ml in Cd, 0.82+ 0.11 $\mu$g/ml in Cu, 0.23_+ 0.13 $\mu$g/ml in Pb and 5.78_+ 1.43 $\mu$g/ml in Zn, those in the urine were 1.7_+ 1.7 $\mu$g/l in Cd, 16.5_+ 16.0 $\mu$g/l in Cu, 24.6_+ 23.0 $\mu$g/l in Pb and 367.7_+ 283.4 $\mu$g/l in Zn, and those in the hair were 0.52_+ 0.56 $\mu$g/g in Cd, 11.00_+4.01 $\mu$g/g in Cu, 8.53_+ 7.05 $\mu$g/g in Pb and 383.23_+ 110.56 $\mu$g/g in Zn. 2) In sex, the concentrations of Zn in the blood and urine of male were higher than those of female, however, the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the hair of female were higher than those of male. 3) The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine showed an increasing trend by age. 4) While the concentration of Cd in the urine increased, the concentration of Pb in the hair decreased by residential period in all the samples. 5) The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the blood and that of Zn in the urine of smoking group were higher than those of non-smoking group. The concentration of Pb in the blood of smoking group and those of Cd, Pb and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group showed increasing the trend by age. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in the urine of non-smoking group, the concentration of Zn in the hair of smoking group showed increasing trend by residential period, however, the concentrations of Pb in the blood and hair and that of Zn in the hair showed decreasing trend by residential period. 6) When the correlations of the concentrations between Zn (main smelting metal) and other metals were analyzed, Zn in the blood was significantly correlated with Cu, Pb and Zn in the urine (positively) and Zn in the urine was significantly correlated with Zn in the blood, Cd, Cu and Pb in the urine, and Pb in the hair (positively). Zn in the hair was significantly correlated with Cd in the urine and Cu in the hair (positively). 7) Consequently, it was useful to note that samples of urine showed higher sensitivity under the metal exposure than those of blood and hair in individual sampling. In addition, as trace metals showed higher accumulation in the hair of the groups, sampling of hair was more highly recommended than those of urine and blood in group sampling.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2023

완공된 건물과 달리 시공 중인 건물은 설계단계와 다른 하중 작용 및 콘크리트 강도 미발현 등 다양한 요인에 의해 설계단계에서 검토한 하중을 초과하는 하중이 작용하여 건물의 안전성에 문제가 생길 위험이 있다. 또한 시공 중인 건물에 지진이 발생할 경우 더 큰 피해가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 전형적인 다양한 규모의 5층, 15층, 25층, 60층 예제모델을 작성하고 골조완성도에 따른 시공단계 모델을 통해 시공 중인 건물의 지진하중의 영향을 분석하였다. 시공 중인 건물의 시공기간은 완공단계 이후의 사용기간에 비해 매우 짧으므로 설계단계와 동등한 수준의 지진을 적용하는 것은 과도한 하중이 적용될 수 있으므로 시공단계 모델에 재현주기 50~2,400년의 지진을 적용하여 지진하중을 검토하고 부재단면성능을 분석하였다. 그 결과 설계단계를 초과하는 하중의 여부 및 구조적 안전성 확보가 가능한 수준의 지진재현주기를 검토할 수 있었다. 또한 각 예제모델의 시공기간을 가정하여 시공기간에 따른 지진재현주기를 선정하고 선정한 재현주기의 설계 적절성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.559-568
• /
• 2008

This paper analyzes Korean residential tenure choice for house which is the most important in Korean households' assets. Data used in the analysis is the data of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study for the period from 1998 to 2006 and with 2341 households. In this paper, a household chooses a housing tenure mode, either by renting or by owing house. We use a mixed-logit panel model as an estimation model to take into consideration household's heteroscedasticity of preference in tenure choice. It turns out that the heteroscedasticity is significant in households' tenure choice behavior, implying that Korean housing policy emphasizing supply side should consider the demand side.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2008

The recent fire incident in an elementary school of Chonan city causes the media focus on the fire safety of residential container buildings. In this study, real fire tests were conducted in this kind of buildings. Combustion products including $O_2$, $CO_2$, CO, $NO_x,$, $SO_x$, HCI, HCN were measured, in order to investigate the hazard-reduction effects of employing gas mask protected with filter during the fire emergency of residential container buildings. According to the test results, whether or not employing the filter showed a sheer difference in the toxicity of the fire-induced gases, and then the importance of wearing a gas mask was evidently demonstrated.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2011

In this study, the AERMOD dispersion model was used for predicting odor concentrations and back-calculating industrial area source odor emission rate. The studied area was Sihwa industrial complex in Korea. Odor samples were collected during two days over a year period in 2009. The comparison between the predicted and observed concentrations indicates that the AERMOD model could fairly well predict average downwind odor concentrations. The results show odor emission rates of Sihwa industrial complex area source were ranged from 0.204 to 2.320 $OUms^{-1}$ (average 0.476 $OUms^{-1}$). The results also show wind speed and direction are important parameters to the odor dispersion.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 1989

Household energy consumption had influenced on the ecological system's environment. Household's exceeding energy consumption requires the development of resources and the risk. Thus this study attempted to find the household heating management, The purpose of this study was to investigate the household's heating management in the area of district heating. The major finding were; 1) The district heating was accepted positively and the benefit of this system was utilized very well in the household. 2) Variances in heating energy consumption was explained by the family size at October, residential period at October and November and the temperature of living room at October, November and December. 3) Compaired to central heating apartment, the low heating expenditure was characterize in the household of 4-5 persons, nuclear family at October, moderated heating control, using extra heating facilities at November. An in the December, that household was that husband has graduated college, temperature of the living room was some cold, and house wives was the full-time homemaker.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.315-318
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine residential cultural attributes by analysing typological and living characteristics while focusing on various types of houses located in Gyeongju city, based on the historical and cultural background of the city. In this study, it is important to suggest methods for planning residential construction which satisfies requirements of Gyeongju citizens for living environment and considers its cultural and historical contexts. This study was performed using housing type-related questionnaires with 203 residents to find out their current living types, as well as their preferable living types in the future, during the period from the 16th to 18th day of August 2007. Analysis was performed using the SPSS 14, a statistical program, and statistically significant results were drawn from the analysis.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.370-375
• /
• 2008

A lot of nursing facility expansions are needed by rapidly growing elder population and operating long-term nursing act for the elderly from July, 2008. To supply facilities in a short period, government is considering a method which is converting usage of existed building to nursing facility. Therefore, we took actual state analysis by interviewing manager, surveying actual measurement and using draft among the converted facilities. To improve and encourage those living environments of nursing facilities, we need to establish design standard of adaptable facility.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.348-356
• /
• 2005

Water quality sampling surveys and continuous measurement of flow were conducted to identify wastewater flow characteristics for representative catchment of O and M treatment basins in A city. For HS-1 station representing commercial area, wastewater flow rises in the beginning of office-working hours, moves up and down within narrow range, and lasts till office-leaving hour, and falls gradually reflecting worker's returning home. However, in HS-2 station representing residential area, wastewater flow has two peaks, which are before office-going hour and after office-leaving hour. In residential area, the flow rate of weekends is higher than that of weekdays because it reflects population, being not contributed to generate wastewater during the working hours of weekdays, stay home and produce wastewater for weekends period. To determine the priority for rehabilitation of sewer system, infiltration rate was computed by dividing infiltration flow by mean diameter and total length of sewer, and HS-1 station ranked the first.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the valid data about residential-linked pension insurance development. The development was a part of national housing projects, which was an incentive for rural living of retired people, in order to relieve residential issues of elderly and revitalize rural communities by residents moving from cities. The insuring intent, decisive insuring factors and the residential service demand degree of people preparing retirement were analyzed. Data was collected in October, 2007. 364 Sample Subjects lived in Seoul Metropolitan area. Firstly, more than 90% of respondents had intention to purchase a residential-linked pension insurance and about 50% of them necessarily desired receiving premium for moving in. This indicated that it could be developed as an insurance which helped to meet housing expenses by housing-linked system, and in the mean time, it met the original purpose of pension insurance as the pension benefit could be guaranteed for all the insurance subscribers. Secondly, the respondents, whose income and private assets were higher, were able to pay more for insurance compared to average. Therefore, It was necessary to regulate monthly insurance bill and the payment period according to asset states of insurance subscribers after establishing certain amount of total insurance payment. Thirdly, by and large, it indicated the tendency that the less they prepare for older age the later they wanted to move into the pension insurance residence. It was inferred that in the case of insufficient preparation for older age, people preferred preparing behind time by postponing move in to moving in early to enjoy retired life, due to uncertainties. lastly, the respondents understood the significance of health, medical treatment and emergency management service and these two services were preferred as essential provided services. Because of the necessity of developing residential-linked pension insurance was found to be positive, further research to find the real cost, directives for operation and institutional support for this type of pension insurance might be needed.