• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2000

Hypothesis is defined as a single proposition proposed as a possible explanation for the occurrence of some observed phenomena. The purpose of this study was to analyze and categorize hypotheses generated by students on the cause of difference between the structures of muscles of the fishes and the terrestrial animals. A hypothesis-generating test was administered to 23 three college students who were majoring in science education. The study showed that college students generated manipulative and theoretical hypotheses as proposed explanations for the structural difference between muscles of the fishes and the terrestrial animals. Furthermore, students generated several hypotheses which were categorized by the quality of abductive process based on the degree of likeness between experienced knowledge and current phenomena. This study also discusses the implications of these findings for teaching and research in science education.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-52
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to look into the health behavior and utilization of health service, and the factors which have influence on both of them. In order to research them, it visited home and interviewed selecting randomly 300 subjects who can understand the purpose of this study, want to participate and are possible to interview. Questionnaries survey was administered during the period from April.6 to May.12. 1993. Collected materials analysis were dealt with a method of SPSS PC Program and used percentage. Mean, SD. t-test, $X^2-test$, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Regression and One-way ANOVA for hypothesis verification. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The hypothesis is that there will be a significant difference in performance degree of health behavior by general characteristics(sex, age, educational background, occupation, religion) of subjects. According to the results, it turned out that sex(P=.035), educational background(P=.0432), and occupation(P=.440) appeared to be a significant difference as P<.05. 2. The hypothesis that the more interesting degree on health of subjects have, the better they performance for health behavior was supported (r=.2552, P<.001). 3. The hypothesis that the healthier subjects are, the better they performance for health behavior was supported(r=.5262, P<.001). The highest correlation was seen between the healthier subjects and health behavior. According to the results of multiple regression analysis with interesting degree on health and healthier subjects as dependent variables, it turned out that R2 was 35% and had a significant difference. 4. The hypothesis is that there will be a difference in the utilization of health service by general characteristics(sex, age, educational background, occupation, religion). According to. the results, it showed that educational background (dental clinic), religion(pharmacy) had an influence on the frequency of utilization of facilities (P<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2011

Purpose: This paper compares practical first aid training and theoretical first aid training in elementary schools. Methods: Research subjects were randomly selected and sorted into experimental and control groups. The former is one class (28 students) of the fifth grade students, and the latter is another class (30 students). In order to verify the effect of first aid training, we conducted theoretical as well as practical first-aid instruction about foreign body airway obstruction to the experimental group, but conducted only theoretical instruction with the control group. Data were analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$-test and t-test, one-way using the SPSS / win 12.0 program. The results were as follows (p=.05). Results: The first hypothesis was that the knowledge of an experimental group would be better than that of a control group. The analysis showed a significant difference (p=.000) between the two groups, supporting this hypothesis. The second hypothesis was that the experimental group would be more accurate than the control group. There was no because of (p=.000) between the two groups on this measure. The third hypothesis, that the two groups would vary over time on the measure of accuracy, was supported by the following observations: the experimental results were accumulated before, two days after and two weeks after the training (experimental group, p=.000, and control group, p=.000). This supports the third hypothesis that the technical performance accuracy levels of complete respiratory obstruction first aid vary over time. Conclusion: First aid training has to include practical education as well as theoretical education in the future, as part of a school's health education for elementary students. Health education classrooms should be prepared to teach first-aid theory and be supplied with equipment for practical exercises. Schools, communities, and private organizations need to carry out the practical education component periodically.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.438-446
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• 2012

In 1964, Susumu Ohno, an evolutionary biologist, hypothesized that the size of X chromosome was conserved in mammalian evolution, and that this was based on chromosomal length. Today, unlike Ohno's method which was based on estimated lengths, we know the exact lengths of some mammalian sequences. The aim of this study was to reanalyze Ohno's hypothesis. In mammalian species, variation in the length of the X chromosome is greater than in the autosomes; however, this variation is not statistically significant. This means that differences in chromosomal length occur equally in the X chromosome and in the autosomes. Interspersed nuclear elements and genetic rearrangements were analyzed to maintain the same variance between the length of the X chromosome and the autosomes. The X chromosome contained fewer short interspersed elements (SINEs) (0.90 on average); however, it did contain more long interspersed elements (LINEs) than did autosomes (1.56 on average). An overall correlation of LINEs and SINEs with genetic rearrangements was observed; however, synteny breaks were more closely associated with LINEs in the autosomes, and with SINEs in the X chromosome. These results suggest that the chromosome-specific activities of LINEs and SINEs result in the same variance between the lengths of the X chromosome and the autosomes. This is based on the function of interspersed nuclear elements, such as LINEs, which can inactivate the X chromosome and the reliance of non-autonomous SINEs on LINEs for transposition.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2020

Purpose - This research aims to investigate how consumers' eco-friendly product choice ratio changes as the benefits of eco-friendly products are framed as (1) non-monetary benefits, (2) monetary gain integrated with the loss or (3) monetary gain segregated from the loss. Design/methodology/approach - A mixed-design, scenario-based choice experiment was conducted. A series of chi-square tests and residual analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Findings - When the monetary gain was larger or slightly smaller than the loss, the participants' eco-friendly product choice ratio was higher when the monetary gain was integrated with the loss than those in the other two conditions. When the monetary gain was significantly smaller than the loss, the participants' eco-friendly product choice ratio was lower when the monetary gain was integrated with the loss than those in the other conditions. The ratio did not differ between the latter two conditions. Research implications or Originality - This research shows that marketers should frame the benefits of eco-friendly products and their costs in different manners depending on the relative magnitudes of them. This research also complements the existing literature by comparing the effectiveness of non-monetary framing of eco-friendly product benefits with that of monetary framing following hedonic editing hypothesis.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Purpose - This study focuses on the continuance intention of O2O fresh agricultural products e-commerce. By literature review, this paper looks through the classical theories which are often applied to study use behavior and continuance intention on the electronic commerce area. Ultimately based on the expectancy theory, Technology acceptance model, success model as well as trust model, a model of the continuance intention of fresh products O2O electronic commerce application is established. Research design, data, and methodology - Among users Chinese consumers have been chosen who have use experience as the research objects. From October 2, 2018 to November 2, 2018, 685 questionnaires in total were collected by the online release and collection. Expect for the negative questionnaires, the remaining 650 pieces of data are statistically analyzed. The collected data were firstly be analyzed by SPSS Ver. 25 on its frequency, reliability and exploratory factors. Then AMOS Ver. 25 is applied to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Validity and hypothesis testing of the Structural Equation Modeling. Finally, the following research conclusions could be obtained from the hypothesis testing. Results - Firstly, in the extended IS model, quality factor for hypothesis testing, service quality, information quality and delivery quality have obviously present positive influences on satisfaction respectively. Secondly, in the hypothesis testing part of ECM-ISC model and UTAUT model, all hypotheses have presented accepted results. Especially from expectation confirmation to usefulness perception, the influence factor achieves 12.603, In the hypothesis of continuance intention, the influence factor of social influence on continuance intention is 7.748 and also it is the most remarkable one. Conclusions - The results show that the service quality of O2O fresh agricultural products e-commerce has the greatest impact on satisfaction, while the perceived usefulness of consumers has the most significant impact on O2O fresh agricultural products for sustainable use intention. This thesis makes up for the blank of O2O fresh food e-commerce for sustainable use intentions, and provides a theoretical basis for consumers' sustainable use behavior, and practical enlightenment for the sustainable development of O2O fresh agricultural products e-commerce.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.89-102
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of shipping service firm's perceived relational benefits on switching barriers and loyalty focusing on tug boat service. To achieve the purpose of the research, literature survey on existing literature, thesis, research report is performed and also reliability analysis, validity test and multiple regression analysis using SPSSWIN 18.0 is used in this research. To verify a research model and hypothesis, a questionnaire survey among employees of shipping companies and shipping agencies was executed. 76 copies of total 200 copies of questionnaires were collected and the number of questionnaire used for empirical analysis was 76 copies. The main results of the study are summarized as below. First, Hypothesis 1 "shipping service firm's perceived relational benefits has a positive impact on the switching barrier" was supported by this study. Second, Hypothesis 2 "shipping service firm's perceived relational benefits has a positive impact on the loyalty" was supported in this research. Finally, Hypothesis 3 "switching barrier has a positive impact on the customer's loyalty" was also supported. Further research can be extended by adding more questionnaires including more shipping service firms all over the nation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.443-449
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• 2017

Since usage of smartphone becomes popular, Ecology of smart media based on smartphone is creating new ecological system of information. This research is for evaluating usability and sustainability of application due to development of smartphone usage in these days. For the research, precedent researches were analyzed and hypothesis were set up based on those researches. Then, iCloud Calendar and Never Calendar, which are two major calendar applications, were evaluated by in-depth interview and measuring task performance time of interviewees, and used these results to verify hypothesis. Then verify hypothesis through the research and analyze which type of users focus on aesthetic impression, and which users focus on usability and practicality. This research is to analyze success and failure points of Calendar Applications' user experience design, and suggests guideline for future transformation of offline to online.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Purpose - This study will investigate and identify the relationship between brand image, brand attitude and intent to purchase based on subjects that have remembered or watched more than one storytelling marketing ad related to airlines. The purpose of the project is to secure market competitiveness by presenting the basis for and use of the marketing strategy using storytelling, which can capture the goodwill of the aerospace competition market in the future. Research, design, data, and methodology - Prior to the research model and hypothesis testing phase, a verification factor analysis was conducted to assess internal consistency among each measurement item and to ensure reliability and validity of the measurement tool. Further, the organization was assessed for validity by calculating the mean variance estimation (AVE) and the construction concept reliability (CCR) through a positive factor analysis. Hypothesis verification was analyzed through a structural equation model, and each concept set in the hypothesis was entered as a potential variable, and each measurement item was entered as an observation variable. Results - Airline's storytelling marketing has a significant impact on the brand image and two emotional and cognitive responses have been shown to influence the brand image. In addition, airline storytelling marketing has a significant impact on brand attitudes and airline storytelling marketing derived from factor analysis has shown two emotional and cognitive responses to brand attitudes. Conclusions - The parts derived based on the research results show that storytelling marketing has a strong influence on the airline's brand image and attitude, and that it is necessary for airlines to have a brand image and attitude. Also, forming a favorable brand image has a significant impact on brand attitudes. We believe that by presenting basic data to the aviation industry in future research on airline storytelling, we will be able to increase understanding and contribution to development of storytelling marketing in aviation.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is on the identification of the effects of perceived interactivity formed by the electronic collaborative referral system on the organizational loyalty. Two channels through which the effects proceeded were investigated. One is the "system channel" which consists of "interactivity of the inter-organizational system ${\rightarrow}$ intention of using the system ${\rightarrow}$ organization loyalty" (hypothesis 1, 2), that is the channel which anticipates that a better understanding on the interactivity of the inter-organizational system makes the intention of the using the system strong, and this strong intention results the higher organization loyalty. The other is "organization channel" which consists of "interactivity of the inter-organizational system ${\rightarrow}$ perceived interactivity on the counterpart ${\rightarrow}$ perceived relation benefits with the counterpart ${\rightarrow}$ organization loyalty" (hypothesis 3, 4, 5). The channel means that as the perceived interactivity of users on the inter-organizational system becomes greater, the perceived interactivity with the counterpart is increasing. And this makes the users feel that more benefits can be obtained by the relationship with system providing organization, and finally makes the organization loyalty that is the intention to maintain the relationship greater. The corroborative evidence data confirm the two channels are obtained by questing on the electronic referral system of Samsung Medical Center to the doctors of the first and second collaborated hospitals or clinics, and by analyzing statistically. The verification result for the "system channel" showed that as the perception on the interactivity of inter-organizational system was increasing, the intention for consistent using increased(support hypothesis 1), and then the organization loyalty that is the relationship maintaining indication by using the referral system also increased(support hypothesis 2). And the confirmation result for the "organization channel" indicated that the perceptive interactivity on the counterpart increased as the understanding on the interactivity of inter-organizational system increased(support hypothesis 3), consecutively, with the intuitive relation benefits increase with the counterpart(support hypothesis 4) the organization loyalty means the intention to maintain the relationship was confirmed to increase(support hypothesis 5). These results demonstrate that when the perceived interactivity in using many systems at the collaboration between organizations is increasing, the positive image on the systems creates the consistent system using intention, and the positive image increases the wants for preserving the relationship with counter organization. In addition, the perceived interactivity of inter-organizational system users affects directly on the perceived interactivity of the counter organization, so the important role of inter-organizational system in promoting the interactivity between cooperative counterparts was recognized. And the perceived interactivity on the counter organization become greater, the influence on the perceived benefits from cooperation is positive. Therefore, the perceived interactivity by using inter-organizational system was confirmed as a prerequisite for the continuous relationship.