• Korean Security Journal
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• no.62
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• pp.347-367
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• 2020

Rapid advancement of technology in today's society has allowed for easy access and use of data, promoting the process of informationization. Along with the merits of such development, unintended consequences of security risks involving wiretapping have been increasing as well. The security threats posed by wiretapping technology must be addressed by every organization and individual, as it could be used to leak confidential information about the nation's security, military and diplomatic strategies, industrial technologies, and personal information. Despite increasing threats stemming from the surrounding nations using advanced wiretapping technology, there is a lack of awareness at the government level, and the existing security measures for detecting and counteracting the wiretapping equipment are ineffective. In this research, the authors offered technical suggestions for improving the security strategies against the threats of wiretapping and information leakage by conducting a content analysis. The authors suggested the units of an agency be assigned a security grade based on its importance, and that adequate security equipment should be operated according to the grade. For instance, around-the-clock surveillance is recommended for grade-1 facilities, and portable wiretapping equipment detectors should be used to protect conference rooms and other key sites.

• Journal of The Korean Institute of Defense Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2023

TRA(Technology Readiness Assessment) quantitatively assesses the current level of domestic technology and is used as a key tool for determining the possibility of domestic R&D and risk management. However, since the current TRA utilizes hardware-oriented TRL(Technology Readiness Level), it is suitable for independent assessment of each technologies, but has limitations in evaluation from a system integration perspective. In addition, the checklist-based assessment is highly likely to involve subjective evaluation. This study proposes an enhanced TRA framework by redefining TRA procedures and criteria from the systems integration perspective of system engineering. We focused on developing a framework that overcomes the limitations of the current TRL/TRA and enables easier and more intuitive assessment. The proposed framework distinguishes between TE(Technology Element) and CTE(Critical Technology Element) in terms of HW, SW and interface and redefines TRL. TRA is performed according to the TRL redefined from the above three points of view, and the lowest evaluation value is used as system maturity level in consideration of risk management. The proposed CTE selection method minimizes the intervention of the evaluator by utilizing the quantitative goal of the key ROC(Required Operational Capability), development difficulty, and application of COTS(Common Off The Shelf) technology. The effectiveness of this framework was confirmed through a case study of the TSS(Target Surveillance System). It is hoped that starting with this study, research at the framework level will be activated and contribute to the improvement of the TRA system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

Although the chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of bovine milk have been extensively studied, only a few studies have attempted to characterize milk-synthesizing genes using RNA-seq data. RNA-seq data was collected from 21 Holstein samples, along with group information about milk production ability; milk yield; and protein, fat, and solid contents. Meta-analysis was employed in order to generally characterize genes related to milk production. In addition, we attempted to investigate the relationship between milk related traits, parity, and lactation period. We observed that milk fat is highly correlated with lactation period; this result indicates that this effect should be considered in the model in order to accurately detect milk production related genes. By employing our developed model, 271 genes were significantly (false discovery rate [FDR] adjusted p-value<0.1) detected as milk production related differentially expressed genes. Of these genes, five (albumin, nitric oxide synthase 3, RNA-binding region (RNP1, RRM) containing 3, secreted and transmembrane 1, and serine palmitoyltransferase, small subunit B) were technically validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in order to check the accuracy of RNA-seq analysis. Finally, 83 gene ontology biological processes including several blood vessel and mammary gland development related terms, were significantly detected using DAVID gene-set enrichment analysis. From these results, we observed that detected milk production related genes are highly enriched in the circulation system process and mammary gland related biological functions. In addition, we observed that detected genes including caveolin 1, mammary serum amyloid A3.2, lingual antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin 4 (CATHL4), cathelicidin 6 (CATHL6) have been reported in other species as milk production related gene. For this reason, we concluded that our detected 271 genes would be strong candidates for determining milk production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.463-467
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• 2005

To reduce salt content in Korean traditional kochujang, horseradish powder (1.2%, w/w) was added to kochujang with 4-10% salt, and its microbial characteristics, enzyme activities, and gas formation in kochujang were evaluated during fermentation far 120 days at $25^{\circ}C$. All treatments of kochujang had no effects on total viable bacterial numbers, which kept constant level, during fermentation (7.32-8.765 log CFU/g). Yeast numbers did not change under all treatments up to 90 days of fermentation, then decreased thereafter, ${\alpha}$-Amylase and ${\beta}$-amylase, and neutral- and acid-pretense activities of kochujang added with horseradish powder were higher than those of control group. ${\beta}$-Amylase activity of kochujang increased in proportion to salt concentration. Total accumulative volume of gas produced during fermentation of kochujang without horseradish powder was 5,892 mL/pack then decreased to 121-347mL/pack with low-salted kochujang (salt 4%, 6%) added with horseradish powder, Major gas produced was $CO_{2}(74-80%)$. Results indicate salt contents of kochujang could be lowered up to 6% by addition of horseradish powder without gas formation and quality alteration.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.45
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• pp.191-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to make research on the trend of the worldwide medical device market, the trend of the medical device market in the major foreign countries, the present status of the medical device industry in Korea and Gangwon area, the present status of export competitive power and the SWOT analysis of competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area, and the strengthening methods of export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area. As the research method, the questionaire for the strengthening of export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area was carried out from August 13 to Otober 22, 2009. The worldwide medical device market in 2008 is estimated at USD 210.2 billion, with the United States being the largest market, followed closely by Japan and Western Europe. In 2006, the worldwide export amount of medical devices recorded USD 121.1 billion and the worldwide import amount of medical devices recorded USD 126.3 billion. As of the end of 2008, the number of Korea's medical device manufacturers expanded to 1,726. The production amount of Korea's medical device industry in 2008 recorded 2,525 billion won, and the domestic market volume of medical devices in 2008 recorded 3,618 billion won. Korea's export amount of medical devices in 2008 recorded USD 1,132 million and recorded a 9.67% growth compared to the previous year, and the import amount of medical devices recorded USD 2,123 million and recorded a 1.43% reduction compared to the previous year. As of the end of 2008, the number of Gangwon area's medical device manufacturers expanded to 81. The production amount of Gangwon area's medical industry in 2008 recorded 380 billion won, and Gangwon area's export amount of medical devices recorded USD 269 million and recorded a 0.25% reduction compared to the previous year, and the import amount of medical devices recorded USD 3 million and recorded a 39.63% reduction compared to the previous year. According to the result analysis of the questionaire for the strengthening of export competitive power of medical device industry in Gangwon area(August 13~October 22, 2009), the competing country of the export medical device is the United States being the highest ranking. Comparing to the collective competitive power level 100 of the competing country, the collective competitive level of the export medical device is 60 below and 70-80 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the quality level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the quality level of the export medical device is 80-90 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the design level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the design level of the export medical device is 90-100 below being the highest ranking. Comparing to the technology level 100 of the United States, EU and Japan, the technology level of the export medical device is 80-90 below being the highest ranking. According to the SWOT analysis of competitive power of medical device industry in Gangwon area, the strength is the abundant expert manpower of the medical device in Wonju area. The weakness is the fragility of the brand recognition of the medical device industry. The opportunity is the demand increase of the new medical device owing to the advanced age of population. The threat is the difficulty of entry into overseas market owing to the request of the new specification certification of the medical device. In order to strengthen the export competitive power of the medical device industry in Gangwon area, the following measures should be taken by the government, local self-government body, related organization and medical device industry : the development of new technology and design, the enhancement of brand recognition. the acquisition of the foreign specification certification, the building of overseas distribution channel and after sales service channel, the positive participation in overseas medical device exhibition and opening of medical device exhibition, the training of expert manpower, the strengthening of overseas marketing, and the application of FTA and the establishment of counter measures against FTA. In conclusion, the medical device industry in Gangwon area has the difficulty in the entry into the overseas market owing to the shortage of overseas marketing capability. Therefore, the government and local self-government body should make the intensive and systematical support for overseas marketing of the medical device industry. For the support of overseas marketing, the government and local self-government body should provide positively the support of expenses for the acquisition of foreign specification certification, the support of participation in the overseas medical device exhibition, the despatch of market development mission, the increase of the support amount for R&D investment fund, and the training of expert manpower of medical devices.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2008

Validation of viral safety is essential in ensuring the safety of mammalian cell culture-derived biopharmaceuticals, because numerous adventitious viruses have been contaminated during the manufacture of the products. Mammalian cells are highly susceptible to minute virus of mice(MVM), and there are several reports of MVM contamination during the manufacture of biopharmaceuticals. In order to establish the validation system for the MVM safety, a real-time PCR method was developed for quantitative detection of MVM in cell lines, raw materials, manufacturing processes, and final products as well as MVM clearance validation. Specific primers for amplification of MVM DNA was selected, and MVM DNA was quantified by use of SYBR Green I. The sensitivity of the assay was calculated to be $6{\times}10^{-2}TCID_{50}/mL$. The real-time PCR method was proven to be reproducible and very specific to MVM. The established real-time PCR assay was successfully applied to the validation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell artificially infected with MVM. MVM DNA could be Quantified in CHO cell as well as culture supernatant. When the real-time PCR assay was applied to the validation of virus removal during a virus filtration process, the result was similar to that of virus infectivity assay. Therefore, it was concluded that this rapid, specific, sensitive, and robust assay could replace infectivity assay for detection and clearance validation of MVM.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2786-2793
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• 2009

Recently, the development and spread of the new recyclable energy becomes urgent because of the depletion of fossil fuel and strengthening the environmental regulation. To recovery from the waste out of the many new recyclable energies has been proved as the most favorable when the potential value of energy source is compared. The RDF from the waste has been approved as the most economical method out of the other methods. However, the toxic gases (HCl, Dioxin etc) and heavy metals generated during the burning of the industrial wastes have been pointed out as problems. The PVC, alkali metal chloride, and alkaline earth metal chloride are major materials for emitting the chlorine and chlorine compounds have the problem such as the erosion on the heat collection device. This research has analyzed the heavy metal components containing in the industrial waste, and the concentration of Cl and S in the industrial waste generated in B industrial complex are slightly high than that of the A industrial complex. The results can be used to discuss the origin of inorganic components in industrial waste and utilized as a base data to improve the performance of the RDF as fuel.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drive-assisting system in a shower carrier on the upper body muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests. Background: In care facilities, one of the major ADL (Activities of Daily Living) factors is bathing/showering. Recently, bath/shower-assisting equipment is actively being introduced in care facilities to reduce caregivers' muscle burden. In particular, it is desirable to utilize a shower carrier equipped with drive-assisting system to effectively care for the elderly. However, there were few systematic studies on the relationship between muscle activities and drive-assisting speeds. Method: For the drivability tests to study the effects on the muscle activities according to the drive-assisting speeds(corresponding drive-voltages: 0.0V, 2.0V, 2.1V, 2.3V), 6 females in their 40s($43{\pm}4yrs$, $157{\pm}5cm$, and $54.5{\pm}1.5kg$) were selected. To measure muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests, 7 muscles in the upper body(TM/Trapezius Muscle, DM/Deltoid Muscle, BBM/Biceps Brachii Muscle, TBM/Triceps Brachii Muscle, ECRLM/Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle, FCUM/Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle, and ESM/Erector Spinae Muscle) were selected. Results: In the TM, muscle activities were decreased as 21% compared to 0.0V, when drive-voltage 2.0V was applied, as 57% by 2.1V, and 62% by 2.3V(p<0.05), whereas 40%, 56%, and 69% of muscles activities were decreased respectively from the DM(p<0.05). Also, from the UL(BBM+TBM+ECRLM+FCUM), muscle activities were decreased by 17% with 2.0V as against 0.0V, by 47% with 2.1V, and 52% with 2.3V, whereas decreases in muscle activities from the ESM were found by 20%, 34%, and 42% respectively by 2.0V, 2.1V, and 2.3V(p<0.05). Conclusion: The muscle activities were decreased in the order of the DM, TM, ESM, and UL. As muscle activities were remarkably reduced as drive voltage were increased, it was expected to reduce the upper body muscle burden on the caregivers when using shower carriers equipped with driving-assist system. Applications: The results from this study can be applied for the development of a shower carrier including other equipment to possibly reduce the muscle burden of the caregivers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of steam heating, gamma irradiation, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on microorganism reduction in order to determine an effective sterilization method for red pepper powder. The effect of each treatment on the reduction of thermoduric bacteria and total aerobic bacteria in red pepper powder were as follows: 10 kGy gamma irradiation, reduction of 4 log and 6 log CFU/g, respectively; 12 mW/㎠ UV irradiation (264 nm UV-C), reduction of less than 1 log CFU/g; steam heating at 120℃ for 40 s, reduction of approximately 2 log CFU/g. High-temperature short-time processing at 110℃ for 30 s reduced the total bacterial count in Gochujang solution from 5.70 log CFU/g to 2.26 log CFU/g; at 121℃, the solution was commercially sterile. Steam heating resulted in 1, 2, and 4 log microbial inactivation in garlic, onion, and pepper powder, respectively. Steam sterilization, which consumers prefer over other methods, may be an effective method for reducing microorganisms in spice powders, including those in red pepper powder.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1981

Recent trends in design standards development in some European countries and U.S.A. have encouraged the use of probabilistic limit sate design concepts. Reliability based design criteria such as LSD, LRFD, PBLSD, adopted in those advanced countries have the potentials that they afford for symplifying the design process and placing it on a consistent reliability bases for various construction materials. A reliability based design criteria for RC flexural members are proposed in this study. Lind-Hasofer's invariant second-moment reliability theory is used in the derivation of an algorithmic reliability analysis method as well as an iterative determination of load and resistance factors. In addition, Cornell's Mean First-Order Second Moment Method is employed as a practical tool for the approximate reliability analysis and the derivation of design criteria. Uncertainty measures for flexural resistance and load effects are based on the Ellingwood's approach for the evaluation of uncertainties of loads and resistances. The implied relative safety levels of RC flexural members designed by the strength design provisions of the current standard code were evaluated using the second moment reliability analysis method proposed in this study. And then, resistance and load factors corresponding to the target reliability index(${\beta}=4$) which is considered to be appropriate level of reliability considering our practices are calculated by using the proposed methods. These reliability based factors were compared to those specified by our current ultimate strength design provisions. It was found that the reliability levels of flexural members designed by current code are not appropriate, and the code specified resistance and load factors were considerably different from the reliability based resistance and load factors proposed in this study.