• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the process of re- or neo-vascularization in the prefabricated cutaneous flap using a skeletonized arteriovenous pedicle implantation. Fourty-eight flaps were divided into six groups of eight flaps, including control group of the conventional epigastric flap. In experimental groups, skin flap was fabricated by subcutaneous implantation of a distally ligated saphenous arteriovenous pedicle in left abdomen. At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after, prefabricated flap was elevated as an island flap based on implanted pedicle and sutured back in place. Three days after flap repositioning, the area of flap viability was quantified, the pattern of flap vascularization was evaluated with microangiography, and the quantification of vessels was assessed histologically. There were statistically significant differences in flap viability between group 2, 3, 4, and the control (p<0.05), with increased survival area in order. But Group 5 and 6 showed higher flap viability as much as the control did. In the microangiographis study, numerous small meander vessels were newly developed in the vicinity of the implanted pedicle just only 2 weeks after pedicle implantation, but neovascularization around the tip of implanted pedicle, and its anastomosis with native vasculatures was more important for overall flap survival, which was usually developed at least 4 weeks after pedicle implantation. Histologically, vessels are evenly spread over all layers of the flap at 6 weeks after pedicle implantation. The quantification of vessels was correlated well with the improvement of flap viability (p<0.05). In conclusion, neo- and re-vascularization around the tip of implanted pedicle was an important factor for overall survival of the prefabricated flap. Therefore, skeletonized pure vascular pedicle transfer, even though it used alone without surrounding was sufficient to get higher flap viability. The optimal duration of pedicle implantation was8 weeks to obtain maximal survival.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 2012

Background : Maxillary hypoplasia refers to a deficiency in the growth of the maxilla commonly seen in patients with a repaired cleft palate. Those who develop maxillary hypoplasia can be offered a repositioning of the maxilla to a functional and esthetic position. Velopharyngeal dysfunction is one of the important problems affecting speech after maxillary advancement surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maxillary advancement on repaired cleft palate patients without preoperative deterioration in speech compared with non-cleft palate patients. Methods : Eighteen patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy between 2005 and 2011. One patient was excluded due to preoperative deterioration in speech. Eight repaired cleft palate patients belonged to group A, and 9 non-cleft palate patients belonged to group B. Speech assessments were performed preoperatively and postoperatively by using a speech screening protocol that consisted of a list of single words designed by Ok-Ran Jung. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine if there were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative outcomes in each group A and B. And Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine if there were significant differences in the change of score between groups A and B. Results : No patients had any noticeable change in speech production on perceptual assessment after maxillary advancement in our study. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups A and B. Conclusions : Repaired cleft palate patients without preoperative velopharyngeal dysfunction would not have greater risk of deterioration of velopharyngeal function after maxillary advancement compared to non-cleft palate patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.773-778
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• 2009

Purpose: The authors propose the new classification of fatty - type gynecomastia(lipomastia) which can serve as a guide for modifying the periareolar technique. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 1000 cases of lipomastia operated on in the last 17 months. The extent of the clinical result, the technique employed, and the complications were observed. On the basis of this review the authors observed that at grade I(fat component < 50 ml, fibroglandular component < 3 g each breast), flattening of the thorax can be achieved by means of stab incision, ultrasound - assisted lipectomy(UAL), scavenging suction - assisted lipectomy(SAL) and tissue shaving. At grade II(50 < < 150 ml, 3 < < 5 g), stab incision, UAL, SAL and pull - out method(POM) using small curved scissors. At grade III(150 < < 300 ml, 5 < < 15 g and prominent inframammary fold(IMF)), minimal incision (5 - 6 mm), UAL, SAL and POM using small angulated scissors, and blunting IMF. At grade IV (300 < < 500 ml, 15 < < 30 g, and glandular ptosis), minimal incision (5 - 6 mm), UAL, SAL, fibroglandular excision using small angulated scissors, cutting IMF and fixation of nipple - areola complex(NAC) becomes necessary. At grade V (> 500 ml, > 30 g and ptosis), small incision (7 - 8 mm), UAL, SAL, fibroglandular excision using large angulated scissors, cutting IMF, upper repositioning of NAC and delayed circumareolar skin reduction or chest lifting becomes necessary. Results: The complications were minimal but there were hematoma (n = 7), infection (n = 3) and hypertrophic scar (n =13). Almost patients were satisfied with the outcome. Conclusion: This simple classification may help in choosing the most suitable treatment, thus avoiding insufficient or invasive treatments and undesirable scars.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.494-502
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• 2018

Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent cancer in women, and its incidence increases every year. Azole antifungal drugs were recently found to have antitumor efficacy in several cancer types. They contain an imidazole (clotrimazole and ketoconazole) or a triazole (fluconazole and itraconazole) ring. Using human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), we evaluated the effects of azole drugs on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Clotrimazole and ketoconazole inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines while fluconazole and itraconazole did not. In addition, clotrimazole and ketoconazole inhibited the motility of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced $G_1$-phase arrest in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as determined by cell cycle analysis and immunoblot data. Moreover, Transwell invasion and gelatin zymography assays revealed that clotrimazole and ketoconazole suppressed invasiveness through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in MDA-MB-231 cells, although no significant changes in invasiveness were observed in MCF-7 cells. There were no significant changes in any of the observed parameters with fluconazole or itraconazole treatment in either breast cancer cell line. Taken together, imidazole antifungal drugs showed strong antitumor activity in breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis and $G_1$ arrest in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and suppression of invasiveness via matrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cells. Imidazole drugs have well-established pharmacokinetic profiles and known toxicity, which can make these generic drugs strong candidates for repositioning as antitumor therapies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to ergonomically evaluate varying tasks performed in a general hospital and to propose their improving measures based on the evaluation results. The tasks found in the hospital were largely classified into two groups of manual materials handling and awkward posture related tasks. Ergonomic tools of NLE, 3-D SSPP and RULA were used for evaluating workload of the tasks. The major findings are: 1) L5/S1 compressive force of patient transferring by one person exceeded the maximum permissible limit(6,400N) by NIOSH. The L5/S1 compressive forces for most of the patient transferring tasks by 2-4 persons were larger than the action limit (3,400N), and the tasks by five persons were analyzed to be safe in the view of L5/S1 compressive force; 2) patient repositioning tasks by 2-3 persons were hazardous on the basis of L5/S1 compressive force, while most of the tasks by 4-5 persons were safe; 3) many tasks performed in wards were found to be stressful, most of which resulted from improper heights of their working tables or working points. Of varying tasks in general hospitals, patient transferring was the most stressful. Based on the results of this study and high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders from other studies, it is recommended that the ergonomics program be introduced and enforced for doing improving activities systematically

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical findings and treatment results for impacted permanent teeth associated with odontomas. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively investigated 73 odontomas in 72 patients who visited Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from April 2004 through November 2011. The study was performed using medical records, panoramic radiographs, and pathological reports. Data gathered included age, gender, location, chief complaints, effects on dentition, and treatment of odontoma and the impacted tooth associated with odontoma. Results : Most compound odontomas (46.7%) were found in the second decade and complex odontomas were not related to age. Odontomas showed no gender predilection. Fifty-five cases (75.3%) of odontomas were detected on routine dental radiographs. Sixty percent of compound odontomas occurred in the canine area and 57.1% of complex odontomas in the molar areas. Impaction of permanent teeth (61.6%) was the most common complication on the adjacent teeth. Most odontomas (84.9%) were removed surgically and impacted permanent teeth were managed by surgical removal (53.2%), orthodontic treatment (25.5%), or surgical repositioning (6.4%). There was a statistically significant relation between age and preservation of the impacted permanent teeth associated with odontomas (p<0.01). Conclusion : Early detection and treatment of odontomas increase the possibility of preservation of the impacted tooth. Therefore, it would be suggested that periodic panoramic examination during the first and second decade of life might be beneficial for the early detection and better prognosis of odontomas.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.675-681
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• 2005

The Horseshoe appliance was introduced by Dr. Schwarz, and it is used to correct sagittal relationships by elastic force in class III malocclusion. It minimizes the increment of lower anterior facial height and allows the mandible to be repositioned harmoniously with the soft tissue and muscle matrix of the jaw It has the advantages of better patient cooperation, easier construction, and more effective modification. In the patients who were treated with Horseshoe appliance, forward growth of maxilla and counterclockwise rotation of occlusal plane with labioversion of maxillary incisors and linguoversion of mandibular incisors were obtained. Minimum downward and backward rotation of mandible was accepted, so increasing of lower anterior facial height was minimized.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2015

Impacted teeth occur at higher frequencies in permanent than primary dentition. The most frequently affected teeth are the maxillary and mandibular third molars, whereas it is quite uncommon for the mandibular first molar to be impacted. Treatment methods for impacted teeth include continuous examination for independent eruption, surgical exposure, subluxation after surgical exposure, orthodontic traction, and surgical repositioning. If all of these treatments fail, tooth extraction may be considered. In the first case study, an 8-year-old boy was treated with surgical exposure, after which he was fitted with an obturator. His mandibular first molar then erupted successfully. In the second case, we treated a 12 year-old boy using orthodontic traction. This study describes children with tooth eruption disorders of the mandibular first molar in mixed dentition, and reports acceptable results regarding treatment of the impacted teeth.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.37-51
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the important selection attributes of coffee brands and the relative positions of major coffee brands on the positioning map through similarities and preferences of coffee brands that customers perceive and (2) to provide Korean coffee brands with strategic information about how to differentiate themselves from existing competitors in the Chinese market. A total of 268 samples were used for data analysis that comprised frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, ALSCAL, and regression analysis. The results showed that among 8 coffee brand selection attributes the most important was atmosphere, followed by cleanness and sanitary condition, and convenient location and transportation. Friendly service, taste of coffee, price and variety of menu were next and brand was the least important among 8 selection attributes. The results of positioning map showed that Maan Coffee was evaluated the highest iin atmosphere, cleanness and sanitary condition, and convenient location and transportation compared to other coffee brands. Marketing strategies for Korean coffee franchisers (Angel-in-us Coffee and Caffe Bene) were provided for successful repositioning in the Beijing coffee market.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2002

Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare complication that usually occurs in younger patients within the first year after a right total lung resection. Its clinical presentations are stridor, dyspnea, and recurrent pulmonary infections. An airway obstruction secondary to the extreme mediastinal shift and ratation after a pneumonectomy is the main mechanism. It is commonly complicated with tracheobronchomalacia due to longstanding airway compression. The management modalities involve a repositioning of the mediastinum with volume expansion of the pneumonectomy site by a expandable prosthesis. however, other methods including an endobronchial stent insertion should be considered in the presence of a tracheobronchomalacia or in poor surgical candidates. Here we describe a case of postpneumonectomy syndrome complicated by a bronchomalacia, which was successfully treated with a self-expandable endobronchal stent.