• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.520-525
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• 2001

It's strongly recommended to check upon the slope stability of soil nearby railroad, since the freezing-thawing repeat in long term may cause decrease of slope stability. The study is, therefore, focused on the strength characteristic transformation of soil, measuring it experimentally, throughout physical and mechanical tests operated by the freezing-thawing repeat tests. The sampling of weathered soil used for the embankment materials along the domestic railway lines are classified by parent-rock, and then collected after it in the first hand. It tells that Uniaxial strength and axial strain were decreased simultaneously as the frequency of freezing-thawing repeat increased and its range was reduced into 25～85 percentage off comparing to uniaxial strength of unfreezing-soils when about 100 times of freezing-thawing repeats occurred. Following the result of direct shear tests, the cohesion of freezing-soil with freezing-thawing repeats shows 11∼60 percentage less than that of unfreezing-soil but the change of internal friction angle of the soil is extremely slight, enough to ignore. As a result. it could be found that strength characteristic transformation has highly correlated with freezing-thawing repeat.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2002

The wear behaviors of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene pins against titanium alloy and stainless steel disks moving in two different kinematic motion were investigated by conducting repeat pass rotational sliding and linear reciprocal sliding wear tests. Linear reciprocal motion wore more the polyethylene pin than did repeat pass rotational motion for both disk materials. It means that the repeated directional change of contact stresses generates more wear debris in polyethylene. For the linear reciprocal sliding tests, titanium alloy disks were damaged with some scratches after one million cycles but no surface damage was observed on the polyethylene pins. On the other hand, fur the repeat pass rotational sliding tests, all titanium alloy disks were severely abraded on the entire region of sliding track. This phenomenon can be interpreted by that stress fatigue under repeated sliding contact initiated titanium oxide layer wear particles from disk surface, and these hard particles were embedded into polyethylene pin and then they severely abraded the disk surface. From these results it can be concluded that the kinematic motion in pin-on-disk wear tests play a crucial role on the wear behaviors of UHMWPE pins against titanium alloy and stainless steef discs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.67-71
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• 2000

The wear behaviors of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene pins against titanium alloy and stainless steel disks moving in two different kinematic motion were investigated by conducting repeat pass rotational sliding and linear reciprocal sliding wear tests. Linear reciprocal motion wore more the polyethylene pin than did repeat pass rotational motion for both disk materials. It means that the repeated directional change of contact stresses generates more wear debris in polyethylene. For the linear reciprocal sliding tests, titanium alloy disks were damaged with some scratches after one million cycles but no surface damage was observed on the polyethylene pins. On the other hand, for the repeat pass rotational sliding tests, all titanium alloy disks were severely abraded on the entire region of sliding track. This phenomenon can be interpreted by that stress fatigue under repeated sliding contact initiated titanium oxide layer wear particles from disk surface, and these hard particles were embedded into polyethylene pin and then they severely abraded the disk surface. From these results it can be concluded that the kinematic motion in pin-on-disk wear tests play a crucial role on the wear behaviors of UHMWPE pins against titanium alloy and stainless steel disks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.232-239
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• 2005

Recently geosynthetics that can be constructed on soft ground have been used for reinforcement and separation in various ways. Through laboratory model tests and numerical analysis, in this study, estimated the suitability of cable elements and appropriate input factors considering loading effect in modeling of geosynthetics. First, in laboratory model tests, geosynthetics were constructed on the clay, and covered with the thickness, 7.5cm of sand mat. And then static and dynamic model tests were performed measuring loading, settlement, ground lateral displacement, and displacements of geosynthetics, but, for cyclic loading, bearing capacity increased linearly with stiff slop because cyclic loading with constant cyclic pressure compacted the ground. Numerical analysis were performed with FLAC 4.0 2D using Mohr-Coulomb and Modified Cam-Clay models, and they compared with the results of model tests. Cable elements of FLAC in modeling geosynthetics couldn't consider the characteristics of geosynthetics that increase shear strength between geosynthetics and clay according to the loading increase. Therefore, in this study, appropriate equation that can consider loading effects in Cable elements was proposed by Case Study.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.150-161
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• 2004

The importance of screening or repeat screening for cervical and breast cancer is well known to decrease the chance of death from cancer. Few data is avaliable regarding factors associated with participation in cervical and breast cancer screening and repeat screening examinations. This study was to investigate the associations of demographic factors, health status and cancer risk recognition, attitude to cancer screening, health behaviors, and inhibiting or facilitating factors to cervical and breast cancer screening with participation in the screening tests. Data was collected with self-administrated questionnaires from 342 women, aged 40 to 69 years. The cancer screenings were classified into have had or never groups and repeat or not repeated groups. In the case of cervical and breast cancer screening, the have had group was 90 (26.3%), and 82 (24.0%) and the repeat group was 17 (5.0%), and 13 (3.8%) respectively. According to logistic regression analysis, age (<60 vs ${\geq}60$ : OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.27-8.26), breast cancer screening (Do vs Don't : OR=14.49, 95% CI=7.46-27.78) and other person's cancer (Yes vs No : OR=4.27, 95% CI=1.01-18.05) were statistically significantly associated with participation in screening for cervical cancer. Regular exercise (Do vs Don't : OR=2.76, 95% CI=1.30-5.88) and cervical cancer screening (Do vs Don't : OR=13.70, 95% CI=7.09-26.32) were statistically significantly related to participation in screening for breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1761-1766
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• 2012

Background: The appropriate interval between negative colonoscopy screenings is uncertain, but the numbers of advanced neoplasms 10 years after a negative result are generally low. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of colorectal neoplasm screening and management based on repeat screening colonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, compared with no screening in the general population. Methods and materials: A state-transition Markov model simulated 100,000 individuals aged 50-80 years accepting repeat screening colonoscopy every 10 years or single colonoscopy, offered to every subject. Colorectal adenomas found during colonoscopy were removed by polypectomy, and the subjects were followed with surveillance every three years. For subjects with a normal result, colonoscopy was resumed within ten years in the repeat screening strategy. In single screening strategy, screening process was terminated. Direct costs such as screening tests, cancer treatment and costs of complications were included. Indirect costs were excluded from the model. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the different screening strategies. Results: Assuming a first-time compliance rate of 90%, repeat screening colonoscopy and single colonoscopy can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by 65.8% and 67.2% respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for single colonoscopy (49 Renminbi Yuan [RMB]) was much lower than that for repeat screening colonoscopy (474 RMB). Single colonoscopy was a more cost-effective strategy, which was not sensitive to the compliance rate of colonoscopy and the cost of advanced colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Single colonoscopy is suggested to be the more cost-effective strategy for screening and management of colorectal neoplasms and may be recommended in China clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2003

The importance of repeat screening for stomach cancer is well known to decrease deaths from stomach cancer. This study was aimed at assessing practice behaviors and to identify related factors in the aspects of demographic factors, health status and cancer risk recognition, attitude to cancer screening, health behaviors, and inhibiting or facilitating factors to stomach cancer screening in an urban area. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from 403 people aged 40 to 69 years from April 23th to May 15th, 2002. Practice behaviors were classified as : "ever" or "never", and "repeat" or "not repeat" grouped based on a recent 5 year screening history. The results were as follows: 1. Among the 403 subjects: "the ever group" was 23.8% and "the repeat group" was 4.0%, The rates of screening were 20.5% for men, 27.8% for those women, and 27.3% for aged 40-49, 24.5% for those aged 50-59, 19.0% for those aged 60-69. The rates of repeat screening were 4.0% for men, 4.1% for women, and 2.9% for those aged 40-49, 6.3% for aged 50-59, 2.5% for those aged 60-69. 2. The main factors associated with adherence to gastric cancer screening were education(post high school vs below : OR=2.44), previous cancer screening(yes vs no : OR=2.61), belief in personal health(no vs yes : OR=2.72), health status(unhealthy vs healthy : OR=3.40), possibility of cancer compared to others(low vs not low : OR=2.56), and regular exercise(yes vs no : OR=2.94). The main factor associated with adherence to gastric cancer repeat screening was other cancer screening(yes vs no : OR=6.33). Consequently, there is a need to change the recognition of the importance and necessity of stomach cancer screening in healthy conditions through health education, and to perform multiple screening tests each visit.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2016

This paper describes an automatic vowel sequence reproduction system for a talking robot built to reproduce the human voice based on the working behavior of the human articulatory system. A sound analysis system is developed to record a sentence spoken by a human (mainly vowel sequences in the Japanese language) and to then analyze that sentence to give the correct command packet so the talking robot can repeat it. An algorithm based on a short-time energy method is developed to separate and count sound phonemes. A matching template using partial correlation coefficients (PARCOR) is applied to detect a voice in the talking robot's database similar to the spoken voice. Combining the sound separation and counting the result with the detection of vowels in human speech, the talking robot can reproduce a vowel sequence similar to the one spoken by the human. Two tests to verify the working behavior of the robot are performed. The results of the tests indicate that the robot can repeat a sequence of vowels spoken by a human with an average success rate of more than 60%.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2022

The DNA profiling of short tandem repeat (STR) markers is a powerful tool for forensic identification and forensic paternity testing. However, STR loci are susceptible to mutation that cause mismatches between parents and children when paternity is tested. Herein, we examined paternity disputes with 23 autosomal STR loci using two commercial human identification kits and revealed successive mismatches at the D13S317 locus across three generations of a Korean family. Additionally, we investigated 12 X-chromosomal STRs and discovered an inconsistency at the DXS10148 locus between the father and daughter of the same Korean family. Furthermore, we confirmed STR genotypes at the D13S317 and DXS10148 loci of the family using sequencing analysis. Consequently, we identified a successive single-step mutation at the D13S317 locus and one single-step mutation at the DXS10148 locus in three generations of the Korean family. Therefore, this case study may be useful for interpreting and understanding forensic paternity tests.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.457-468
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the repeat test rate for diagnosis at a tertiary hospital for the outpatients who were referred themselves to the hospital by the clinics and other medical facilities. The study population consisted of 498 patients who visited outpatient department of internal medicine, general surgery, orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery in the hospital between March 16 and April 11, 1992. This study was surveyed by the questionnaire about the tests for diagnosis at first level medical facilities, and then, was investigated by the medical record about the tests for diagnosis at a tertiary hospital. The proportion of test among the patients who utilized the first level medical facilities was 20.9% for the X-ray test, 10.6% for the urinalysis, 9.0% for the electrocardiogram, 3.4% for the computer tomogram and 6.4% for the ultrasonogram. At the tertiary hospital, the X-ray test was 45.2%, the liver function test was 24.1%, the urinalysis was 19.1%, and the electrocardiogram was 15.7%. The proportion of patients who possessed results of test for diagnosis at the first level medical facilities was 76.5% for the computer tomogram, and 31.3% for the ultrasonogram. As the repeat test rate between the first level medical facilities and the tertiary hospital, the thyroid function test was the first rank as 71.4%, the second rank was the routine CBC as 67.9%, and the third rank was the X-ray test as 64.4%. But among the patients that brought the result for tests at the first level medical facilities, the repeat test rate was as follow : the routine CBC was 75.0%, the liver function test was 72.1%, and the computer tomogram was 15.4%.