• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2004

The mechanisms by which leptospires caused disease are not well understood. A number of putative virulence factors have been suggested, but with few exceptions their role in pathogenesis remains unclear. In these days, many cases of leptospirosis are diagnosed by serological immunoassay. Leptospirosis is characterized by the histopathology of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the electrophoresis fractions of serum protein are not compared. We analyzed total protein, albumin, aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) in sera of patients diagnosed leptospirosis. Total protein and albumin were decreased in 18.5％ and 31.2％ of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, UN and creatinine were increased in 90.4％, 66.9％, 28.0％, 15.9％ and 10.8％ of patients, respectively. We performed cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (EP) on sera of patients increased both of AST and ALT, and of patients increased both of creatinine and UN. In patients increased both of AST and ALT, and in patients increased both of AST and ALT, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 89.1 ％ of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 85.1 ％, 75.2％, 33.6％ and 98.0％ of patients, respectively. In patients increased both of creatinine and UN, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 93.8％ of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 87.5％, 100％, 31.2％ and 93.8％ of patients, respectively. These data indicate that infection of Leptospira causes severe liver damage to most of leptospirosis patients, but doesn't cause renal damage to most of them. The relative rate of serum protein electrophoresis fractions to total protein are not identical with them of typical hepatitis patient.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2013

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-$PK_1$ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and $O_2{^-}$, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-$PK_1$ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by $ONOO^-$. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

To evaluate an effect of pathological liver damage on the cyclohexane (CH) metabolism, rats were pretreated with 50% carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ dissolved in olive oil (0.1ml/100g body weight) 10 or 17 times intraperitoneally at intervals of every other day. To these liver damaged animals, CH (a single dose of 1.56g/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered at 48hr after the last injection of $CCl_4$. The CH metabolites; cyclohexanol (CH-ol), cyclohexane-l,2-diol (CH-l,2-diol) and cyclohexane-l,4-diol (CH-l,4-diol) and cyclohexanone (CH-one) were detected in the urine of CH treated rats. After CH treatment, the serum levels of CH-ol and CH-one were remarkably increased at 4 hr and then decreased at 8hr in normal group. Whereas in liver damaged rats, these CH metabolites were higher at 8hr than at 4hr. The excretion rate of CH metabolites trom serum into urine was more decreased in liver damaged animals than normal group, with the levels of excretion rate being lower in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected animals than 10 times injected ones. It was interesting that the urinary concentration of CH metabolites was generally more increased in liver damaged animals than normal ones, and the increasing rate was higher in $CCl_4$ 17 times injected rats than 10 times injected ones. Taken all together, it is assumed that reduced urinary excretion rate of CH metabolites in liver damaged rats might be resulted from deteriorated hepatic and renal blood flow, and an increased urinary excretion amount of CH metabolites in liver damaged rats might be caused by reduced expiration amount of the metabolites due to lung damage.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2012

A histo-pathogical examination was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercial extruded pellet (EP) and a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet on the health of juvenile rockfish cultured in marine net-cage for 7 months. Fish were distributed randomly to each net cage as a group of 76,000 fish (initial mean body weight 5.9 g). After 2 months, the hypertrophy or swelling of liver parenchymal cells was identified in most individuals and lasted until 7 months. Livers in EP fed group frequently showed hypertrophic parenchyma and fatty change with occasional atrophic cells. However, after 4 months, lymphocytic infiltration in splenic parenchyma was seen in a number of individuals. In addition, the gastric glandular epithelium was atrophied and in the lumen of renal tubules protozoan parasites were frequently identified but there was no correlation with the type of feed. Moreover, juvenile rockfish on EP diet showed gross and microscopic hypertrophy of the liver which would be due to oversupply of feed. Severe hepatic cellular hypertrophy or swelling could lead to the damage of microcirculation. Especially fatty change and atrophic change of liver could be the result from the damage, which could be responsible for immunological problem. Lymphocytic infiltration of spleen on the MP diet suggests that juvenile rockfish could be frequently exposed to infectious antigens.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to be contributory factors in complications of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the generation of superoxide, the lipid peroxide level measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, the vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aorta and the iNOS expression in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, ascorbate (400 mg/kg rat weight daily in drinking water), diabetic (single dose of 50 mg of STZ/kg i.p.) and diabetic simultaneously fed with ascorbate for 12 wk. Rats in groups were studied at tri-weekly intervals (0 to 12 wk). Diabetic rats were evaluated periodically with changes of plasma glucose levels and body weight. The ascorbate supplimentation attenuated the development of hyperglycemia and weight loss induced by STZ injection in rats. In the present experimental condition, the ascorbate supplimentation had no significant effect on plasma glucose levels and changes in body weight of normal rate. The superoxide generation, formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and iNOS expression in kidney were significantly increased in STZ-treated rats that were decreased by ascorbate supplimentation. The ascorbate supplimentation had no effect on vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aorta. These results indicate that ascorbate supplimentation may exert an inhibitory effect on STZ-induced oxidative tissue damage through protection of pancreatic islet cells by scavanging reactive oxygen species. The ascorbate supplimentation may possibly attenuate the renal complication of diabetes mellitus.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

The protective effect of chungkukjang from Sunchang province against oxidative stress was evaluated in the cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells. The LLC-$PK_1$ cells showed decrease in cell viability and elevation in lipid peroxidation by the treatment with the generators of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion ($O_2^-$) produced by sodium nitrouprusside and pyrogallol, respectively. However, the methanol extract of chungkukjang significantly inhibited cellular loss and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner; in particular K chungkukjang (KC) exerted the strongest protective effect. In addition, the protective effect of chungkukjang from 3-morpholinosydnonimine, as a source of peroxynitrite, with simultaneous generations of NO and $O_2^-$, was also studied. Treatment with chungkukjangs significantly preserved the cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation caused by SIN-1 with dose-dependence. The present study suggests that chungkukjang from Sunchang province, especially KC, would have protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals under cellular oxidative damage.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.142-161
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect and safety of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) after gynecological surgery. Methods: The study is conducted by analyzing the medical records of the hospitalized patients in TKM hospital. Eighty-six patients were enrolled who received TKM for ERAS after gynecological surgery from January 2015 to April 2018. We performed statistical analysis by using SPSS ver. 25.0. To prove the effect and safety of TKM for ERAS, we analyzed symptoms and Hemoglobin (Hb), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum creatinine (Cr) with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In addition, we checked other adverse reactions that the patients complained to prove the safety of TKM for ERAS. Results: Among symptoms of pain, there was a statistically significant decrease in abdominal pain, lower back pain, and shoulder pain. Other symptoms showed statistically significant improvement in fatigue, abdominal tympanosis, operation-site discomfort, dizziness, urinary discomfort, throat discomfort, constipation, dyspepsia and colporrhagia. Anemia in both ferritin combination treatment group and herbal medicine only group showed significant improvement. There was no liver damage or renal damage by TKM. Conclusions: The result has shown that TKM for ERAS after gynecological surgery is effective and safe. The further study of TKM for ERAS with more patients is needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2015

Purpose: The symptoms and signs of urinary tract infection (UTI) in early infancy are non-specific. Prompt diagnosis of UTI is important, as untreated UTI results in renal damage. Especially, febrile UTI in young infants coexist with other serious bacterial infections. The purpose this study was to propose modified Rochester criteria to differentiate viral infection from urinary tract infection. Methods: We carried out a retrospective investigation of 168 infants less than three months old with a tympanic temperature $>38^{\circ}C$ who were admitted to Chung-Ang University Hospital between 2011 and 2014. We compared the symptoms, physical examination results, and laboratory data between viral infection and UTI groups. A modified Rochester criterion was composed of statistically significant factors. Results: A total of 76 and 92 infants with UTI and a viral infection, respectively, were included. Statistically significant differences in gender, previous admission history, neutrophil ratio, and urine WBC count were found between the two study groups. Using a cut off value of 3 points, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified Rochester criteria were 71.28% and 78.57%, respectively. Conclusion: The modified Rochester criteria may give an outline for identifying young infants with UTI.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2003

Efficacy and in vivo bioassay of recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO, DWP413) was investigated. Efficacy studies on erythropoiesis were conducted in normal, cisplatin-induced anemic rats and acute hemorrhage - induced anemic rats. Animals were treated intravenously with DWP413 for 5 days, the changes in the number of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit value (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and reticulocyte were examined. In normal rats, at the doses of 50, 250, and 1250 IU/kg/day, in cisplatin-induced anemic rats, at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 IU/kg/day, RBC, Hb, Hct and reticulocyte were increased dose-depen-dently. And in acute hemorrhage-induced anemic rats, DWP413 (150, 450 and 1350 IU/kg/day) significantly increased RBC, Hb, Hct and reticulocytes. In histopathological findings of kidney, cisplatin alone treated rats expressed severe glomerulus and tubular damage. But in the DWP413 treated rats after cisplatin treatment, these were not remarkable compared to cisplatin alone treated rats. In vivo bioassay, DWP413 had 102.43% of bioactivity compared to erythropoietin BRP(Biological Reference Product, European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines). These results suggest that DWP413 might be useful for the therapy of anemia induce by renal failure and acute blood loss.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.536-543
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• 1987

The Fontan procedure was physiological correction which was initially applied to tricuspid atresia. We had used the modified Fontan operation in 8 cases at National Medical Center, Seoul, from Aug. 1984 to Oct. 1986. Age range was 20 months to 15 years [mean: 9 years] and male: female ratio was 5:3. 5 patients had tricuspid atresia [lb: 2 cases, Ic: 1 case, lib: 1 case, & llc: 1 case], 2 Patients had univentricular heart of left ventricular type, and one patient had transposition of great arteries with complete endocardial cushion defect. The operative principle was direct anastomosis between right atrium and pulmonary artery, whether main pulmonary artery or right pulmonary artery without any conduits. Postoperatively all patients needed high central venous pressure for adequate hemodynamic status in both survival [20-24 CmH2O] and mortality groups [20-24 CmH2O]. The fatal complications were as follows: empyema with bronchopleural fistula [1 case], bleeding tendency & brain damage [1 case], low cardiac output syndrome & acute renal failure [2 cases], and right to left shunt of unknown origin [1 case]. There were 5 hospital deaths; 3 of 5 tricuspid atresia patients, 1 of 2 univentricular heart patients, and 1 of 1 transposition of great arteries with complete endocar4ial cushion defect patient. The overall mortality was 62.5%. 3 survivors were nearly compatible with Choussat & Fontan criteria. Thus appropriate patient selection and experienced surgical technique were required for good results.