• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.503-508
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• 2004

Optimal remediation design using the pump and treat(P&T) method and natural attenuation was accomplished in consideration for degradation processes, such as sorption and first-order decay rate. Variation of both sorption and first-order decay rate has influence on design of optimal remediation application. When sorption effect increases, the more pumping rate and pumping wells are required. The location of operated wells is on the centerline of contaminant plume and wells near hot spot are mainly operated when sorption effect increases. The higher of first-order decay rate, the less pumping rate is required. These results show that the degradation processes have to be considered as one of the essential factors for optimal remediation design.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2004년도 품질경영모델을 통한 가치 창출
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

Contamination of industrial sites has happened by a variety compounds. Petroleum hydrocarbons, which are readily biodegradable, are reported principle contaminats in most industrial sites. Therefore, the use of biological processes will be a promising technology for remediation of industrial sites. This paper addresses the possible use of biological processes in remediation of contaminated industrial sites and discusses the background and main streams of the process. The paper also characterizes representative biological systems developed for application.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.371-374
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• 2005

We accomplished optimization for pump and treat (P&T) designs in consideration of degradation processes such as retardation and biodegradation, which are significant for contaminant fate in hydrogeology. For more desirable remediation, optimal pumping duration and minimum pumping rate constraint problems are studied. After a specific P&T duration, it replaces the P&T with the enhanced natural attenuation (ENA), which induces aerobic biodegradation by maintaining oxygen concentration. The design in this strategy carries out the optimization for the number and locations of oxygen injection wells.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.441-477
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• 2020

매년 다량 발생되고 있는 정화토가 적절하게 재이용 또는 재활용되지 못하고 반출 처리장에 적치되어 또 다른 환경적 이슈가 되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이러한 정화토의 재이용 및 재활용을 활성화하기 위하여 필요한 정화토의 토양 질 회복 기술에 대한 연구 및 개발 동향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 정화기술별 토양 특성의 변화 양상을 살펴보고, 정화공정에 따른 토양 질의 열화 특성을 파악하였다. 뿐만 아니라 정화토 재이용 및 재활용을 위한 정책적 관련 사항들을 정리하고, 향후 필요한 연구들에 대하여 제안하였다. 본 논문은 국내외 관련 문헌들을 검색하여 작성하였다. 키워드 검색을 통하여 정화기술별 토양 특성의 변화와 토양 개량 및 회복 기술과 연관된 문헌을 조사하였으며, 본문에서는 주로 최근에 발표된 문헌들을 바탕으로 논의하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 제 1, 2차 토양보전기본계획을 참고하여 정화토 재이용 및 재활용과 관련된 정책적 사항들을 정리하였다. 현재까지 국내에서 가장 많이 적용된 토양경작, 토양세척, 열탈착 등을 대상으로 정화공정에 따른 토양의 특성 변화를 정리한 결과, 적용하는 정화기술에 따라서 매우 상이하게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. 특히 정화공정을 거치면서 토양 질이 열화되는 양상이 정화기술에 따라서 다르게 나타났다. 토양 개량 및 회복 기술은 크게 무기 개량제, 유기 개량제, 생물학적 개량제 등의 제제를 이용한 방법들로 구분할 수 있으며, 각 개량제에는 다양한 물질들이 활용되고 있고, 각 물질에 따라 개선 또는 향상되는 토양의 특성이 달랐다. 하지만, 각 정화기술별 열화되는 토양 질 회복을 위한 연구들은 현재까지 활발하게 수행되지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 제 2차 토양보전기본계획에서는 정화토의 품질인증제, 목표관리제 등과 같은 정책적 방안이 명시되어 있음으로써 향후 정화토의 재이용 및 재활용이 촉진될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 정화토의 재이용 및 재활용을 위해서는 적용된 정화기술과 미래 용도를 고려한 공공활용성을 담보한 회복 기술들이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 더불어 제 2차 토양보전기본계획에서 제시한 정화토의 적극적 활용을 위해서는 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 구체적이고 세부적인 정책 추진 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

Various remediation methods have been applied to clean soils contaminated with pollutants. They remove contaminants from the soils by utilizing physicochemical, biological, and thermal processes and can satisfy soil remediation standards within a limited time; however, they also have an effect on the biological functions of soils by changing soil properties. In this study, changes of the biological properties of soils before and after treatment with three frequently used remediation methods-soil washing, land farming, and thermal desorption-were monitored to investigate the effects of remediation methods on soil biological functions. Total microbial number and soil enzyme activities, germination rate and growth of Brassica juncea, biomass change of Eisenia andrei were examined the effects on soil microorganisms, plant, and soil organisms, respectively. After soil washing, the germination rate of Brassica juncea increased but the above-ground growth and total microbial number decreased. Dehydrogenase activity, germination rate and above-ground growth increased in both land farming and thermal desorption treated soil. Although the growth of Eisenia andrei in thermal desorption treated soil was higher than any other treatment, it was still lower than that in non-contaminated soil. These results show that the remediation processes used to clean contaminated soil also affect soil biological functions. To utilize the cleaned soil for healthy and more value-added purposes, soil improvement and process development are needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.376-379
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• 2021

Elemental mercury exposure can result in significant toxicity. Source decontamination and remediation are often required after larger elemental mercury exposures, but the details of these processes are infrequently reported. In the case described herein, a 64-year-old woman and her husband were exposed to elemental mercury in their home after the husband purchased it online for the purpose of recreational barometer calibration. After the mercury reportedly spilled during the calibration process, a vacuum cleaner was used to decontaminate the affected surface; this led to extensive mercury contamination of the home. The couple was relocated from the home while remediation occurred over the course of several weeks. Vacuum cleaning of an elemental mercury spill can lead to extensive volatilization and recirculation of mercury vapor. For smaller mercury spills, careful removal of visible mercury beads by using an eyedropper, cardboard, and masking tape is recommended. Larger spills require professional decontamination and remediation and may necessitate involvement of governmental resources. Vacuum cleaning should not be used as an initial method of decontamination after elemental mercury exposure. Careful attention to source decontamination can reduce the emotional and financial costs associated with extensive remediation after elemental mercury exposure.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.398-402
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• 2005

The enzyme Xeronine was investigated as a microbial activating substance in biological wastewater treatment processes. Xeronine as bio-stimulant was injected in the anaerobic sludge and the activated sludge treating wastewater in order to examine the effect of hidden benefits. Bio-stimulant did not show significant improvement of anaerobic treatablity. In the aerobic system, higher bio-stimulant dose condition resulted in slightly more removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Floc aggregation and zone settling velocity as solid-liquid separation factors in activated sludge systems was enhanced by bio-stimulant. Effects of bio-stimulants injection on improvement of water quality and microbial activity did not clear in terms of normal operation conditions.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2012

Various methods are used to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals or petroleum. In recent years, harsh physical and chemical remediation methods are being used to increase remediation efficiency, however, such processes could affect soil properties and degrade the ecological functions of the soil. Effects of soil washing, thermal desorption, and land farming, which are the most frequently used remediation methods, on the physicochemical properties of remediated soil were investigated in this study. For soils smaller than 2 mm, the soil texture were changed from sandy clay loam to sandy loam because of the decrease in the clay content after soil washing, and from loamy sand to sandy loam because of the decrease in the sand content and increase in silt content during thermal desorption, however, the soil texture remained unchanged after land farming process. The water-holding capacity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen concentration of the tested soil decreased after soil washing. A change in soil color and an increase in the available phosphate concentration were observed after thermal desorption. Exchangeable cations, total nitrogen, and available phosphate concentration were found to decrease after land farming; these components were probably used by microorganisms during as well as after the land farming process because microbial processes remain active even after land farming. A study of these changes can provide information useful for the reuse of remediated soil. However, it is insufficient to assess only soil physicochemical properties from the viewpoint of the reuse of remediated soil. Potential risks and ecological functions of remediated soil should also be considered to realize sustainable soil use.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.681-688
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• 2002

Study was peformed to develop the‘environmental double pile’for the remediation of low-permeable contaminated soil. This technique is similar in function to‘sand drain pile’But this applies recyclable oyster shell treated as waste materials to a drain material and the pile is consisted of two layers. Inner metal pile is located in center and oyster shells are filled around it. By this technology, contaminated ground water is pumped out through the oyster shell and purified by drainage, adsorption, and reaction processes. Afterwards, the grout material is injected through the inner pile for the effect of the solidification / stabilization. As a result, the concept of this technique is a development of one-step process technology. Through the test, a consolidation characteristic by radial drain is going to be evaluated and the optimum standard of this technology will be calculated.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.163-166
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• 2002

The concurrent injection of cosolvent and air, a cosolvent-air (CA) flood was recently suggested for a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) remediation technology. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the DNAPL removal mechanisms of the CA flood and to quantify mass transfer rate coefficients during CA flooding. DNAPL removal mechanisms were examined by evaluating the effects of air flow rate and DNAPL solubility and visually documented at a pore-scale. Two serial processes, immiscible displacement and dissolution, were experimentally and visually documented during CA flooding. Mass transfer rate coefficients (K) were computed from the data showing PCE saturation versus time. Results showed that CA floods exhibited higher K values than cosolvent floods without concurrent air injection. (This document has not been subjected to Agency review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.)