• Clinical Pain
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 2019

This is a case report of the provocative discographic findings before and after focal selective coagulation of the major annular fissure using intradiscal navigable catheter. A 46-year-old woman had a 30-month history of axial low back pain and magnetic resonance imaging findings suspicious for painful L4/5 disc. The provocative discography confirmed painful disc before coagulation. The final electrode tip position in the coagulation procedure was at the largest fissure within the outer annular margin identified through the discography. Six months after the successful coagulation therapy, inadvertently performed discography resulted in decreased pressure rise over time. Neither evoked pain nor change in the integrity of outer annulus as compared with the previous results was reported. Such an interventional method has not been reported previously, and the analytic results suggest that it may be possible to relocate the pressure of the entire nucleus pulposus only by focal selective coagulation of the fissure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.644-654
• /
• 2024

After the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami (Japan, 2011), regulatory efforts to mitigate external hazards have increased both the safety requirements and the total capital cost of nuclear power plants (NPPs). In these circumstances, identifying not only disaster robustness but also cost-effective capacity setting of NPPs has become one of the most important tasks for the nuclear power industry. A few studies have been performed to relocate the seismic capacity of NPPs, yet the effects of multiple hazards have not been accounted for in NPP capacity optimization. The major challenges in extending this problem to the multihazard dimension are (1) the high computational costs for both multihazard risk quantification and system-level optimization and (2) the lack of capital cost databases of NPPs. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes an effective method that identifies the optimal multihazard capacity of NPPs using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and the two-stage direct quantification of fault trees using Monte Carlo simulation method, called the two-stage DQFM. Also, a capacity-based indirect capital cost measure is proposed. Such a proposed method enables NPP to achieve safety and cost-effectiveness against multi-hazard simultaneously within the computationally efficient platform. The proposed multihazard capacity optimization framework is demonstrated and tested with an earthquake-tsunami example.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2012

최근 국내 공공기관 지방이전이 본격적으로 추진됨에 따라 영상회의 시스템의 활용과 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 영상회의 시스템은 출장으로 발생하는 온실가스 배출을 감소시키는데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대되는 그린 IT 시스템이지만 이에 대한 경제적 효과 분석은 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 비용편익분석법을 활용하여 영상회의 시스템을 통한 온실가스 배출 감축 효과를 정량적으로 분석하였다. 한국정보화진흥원 19개 부서에 대한 설문결과를 바탕으로 투자비용 대비 경제적 효과를 추정하고 157개의 지방이전 공공기관으로 확대한 결과 영상회의 시스템 도입은 약 1,800억원의 경제적 효용이 있으며 향후 5년간 약 580톤에 달하는 이산화탄소를 감축할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 유사산업 분야의 그린 IT 시스템 도입에 대한 의사결정시 경제적 타당성 평가를 위한 중요한 분석틀로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 스마트카드 데이터를 이용하여 서울시의 대중교통 환승통행 현황을 분석하고, 이를 통해 환승체계 효율화의 필요성을 살펴보았다. 특별히 환승효율성 제고를 위한 환승센터 건립 시 그 입지선정을 위한 수리모형을 이중구조모형으로 구축/제시하였다. 상위모형은 입지결정 모형으로 지역별 환승센터 개수 및 총건설비용 예산 제약하에서 총통행비용을 최소화하는 선형 0-1 정수모형이고, 하위 모형은 환승센터 입지 여부에 따른 사용자 평형 경로 선택 모형으로 구성된다. 모형의 해법으로 상위 및 하위 모형의 해를 순차적으로 구하는 방법을 제시하였고, 예제네트워크 적용을 통해 해법의 수렴성과 모형의 적용성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 본 논문에서 구축된 모형과 해법을 이용하여 효과적으로 최적의 환승센터 입지를 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 실제 네트워크에 적용하기 위한 방법론을 검토한 결과 본 논문의 모형과 해법이 현실에서도 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• World Technopolis Review
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.206-225
• /
• 2012

The development of the Surrey Research Park by the University of Surrey is an addition to a number of existing strategies to collaborate with industry that it has developed over its 120 year history. The potential to undertake this development was based on owning a substantial land holding that the University acquired when the Borough Council for the town of Guildford invited the University to relocate from Battersea in London to its new location in 1966. Initial plans for the Park in 1979 were accelerated in 1981 in response to plans by the then government to reduce funding for Higher Education in the UK. Beyond a broad master plan for the site that was based on topography and access to the site the plans that were developed were based on a survey of 100 companies that were deemed to be in the target market for the site and a review of the other 7 science parks that were being developed in the UK in 1981. The findings from this proved to be important in developing the master plan for the site. Another important influence on the project was the objectives that were defined for the 3 stakeholders in the project of the University, the tenant companies and the planning authority relate to economic development, a competitive advantage of tenant companies, knowledge transfer, the profile for the University and the capacity to generate income proved to be a valuable framework on which to develop a master plan. These details were underpinned by five objectives which served the three stakeholders in the site. Those for the University included commercial potential, knowledge transfer and image and reputation; those for the town primarily related to economic development and the plan was to help tenants gain a competitive advantage by locating on the site. In addition a number of success indicators were defined for the project against which to measure performance and have remained as a useful set of parameters on which to base the assessment of the performance of the site. In combination with these indicators a further analysis deals with the success factors that are considered as important in influencing performance. The paper sets details the history of the park and covers the success indicators and factors and reviews these in the context of the original objectives for the site.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2009

Xenotransplantation of pig organs into humans is a potential solution for the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. However, multiple immune barriers preclude its clinical application. In particular, the initial type of rejection in xenotransplantation is an acute cellular rejection by host $CD8^+$ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells that react to donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein Unique Short (US) 2 specifically targets MHC class I heavy chains to relocate them from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome. In this study we transfected the US2 gene into minipig fetal fibroblasts and established four US2 clonal cell lines. The integration of US2 into transgenic fetal cells was confirmed using PCR and Southern blot assay. The reduction of Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)-I by US2 was also detected using Flow cytometry assay (FACS). The FACS analysis of the US2 clonal cell lines demonstrated a substantial reduction in SLA-I surface expression. The level (44% to 76%) of SLA-I expression in US2 clonal cell lines was decreased relative to the control. In cytotoxicity assay the rate of $CD8^+$ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced to 23.8${\pm}$15.1% compared to the control (59.8${\pm}$8.4%, p<0.05). In conclusion, US2 can directly protect against $CD8^+$-mediated cell lysis. These results indicate that the expression of US2 in pig cells may provide a new approach to overcome the CTL-mediated immune rejection in xenotransplantation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2017

Korea is facing various social problems including single elderly household, increase in the number of disabled people and poverty rate and a difference in the proportion of males to females between urban areas and rural areas along with the advent of rapid aging society. Especially, the ratio of poor households in rural areas residing in housing which falls below the minimum housing level and most of them are in the dead zone of housing welfare. In addition, if it is impossible for them to move (relocate) to new housing, the house remodeling is the only measure for improving their housing welfare. However, we don't have enough prior relevant academic and practical experience, and house remodeling requires a series of process including prior planning construction and post-occupancy evaluation, but almost no fundamental research that provides relevant insight has been carried out. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe all field situations that occur in the whole customized house remodeling process for disabled female senior citizens living alone in a rural area. The remodeling process was classified into initial planning stage, field verification and adjustment stage and construction stage as the method to participate in the field directly, and any change in the remodeling plan and its causes at each stage were analyzed. As a result, some remodeling items were changed from the main viewpoint of participating parties before the beginning of construction and for reasons such as the deterioration level of housing site, limitation in building equipment and rearrangement of housing, etc., and the remodeling method and its details were developed. It was identified that constant change that occurred in the remodeling process resulted from 1) unique poor characteristics of existing housing and 2) physical condition of residents and their unique lifestyle characteristics that were two aspects required to be emphasized by customized remodeling.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.1269-1276
• /
• 2016

세계적으로 지진, 해일, 홍수, 폭설 등의 자연 재해와 화재, 방화, 테러 등의 인위적 재해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 이러한 다양하고 예측 불가능한 재해로 인해 다수의 사상자가 발생하고 있다. 재해 발생 시 빠른 시간에 재해 발생 여부를 파악하여 재해 발생 위치와 적절한 피난 경로 등의 정보를 피해자에게 제공한다면 신속히 안전한 장소로 대피가 가능하여 피해를 최소화 할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 실내공간에서 공황상태가 발생 했을 경우 사람들의 움직임을 파악하여 긴급 재해 발생 여부를 신속히 탐지하고 이를 통해 상황에 따라 신속하고 안전하게 대피가 가능하도록 긴급 피난 지원 시스템의 알고리즘을 제안하고 구현하였다. 이동 단말기에서는 실내 보행자의 행동과 위치를 분석하여 서버로 전송하고 서버에서는 전송받은 정보를 토대로 긴급상황 여부를 판단한다. 긴급상황이 발생하면 서버는 이동 단말기에게 이를 통보하고, 실내 보행자는 이동단말기를 이용하여 비상탈출을 실시하게 된다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2015

기후변화, 농업용수, 대기오염 등의 환경변화에 민감한 연구단지의 특성상 환경 자원의 이용이 용이해야 하나 현 농업기술원은 농업연구를 위한 환경 및 생태계 유지가 힘든 실정이다. 또한 지속 가능한 농업, 6차 산업화와 같은 새로운 패러다임에 입각한 기반시설을 수립하고 공공서비스의 효율적인 공급을 위해서는 경상북도농업기술원의 이전이 불가피하다. 이에 따라 농업기술원 이전을 위한 입지이론 및 방법을 검토하고 입지여건 분석을 위한 입지선정 기준을 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 따라서, 먼저 공공시설 이전에 관한 입지이론에 대해 알아보았고, 입지선정을 위한 연구방법으로 후보지 여과방법을 사용하였다. 후보지 여과방법에는 요인별 점검법, 나뭇가지 모양분석법, 혼합형 분석법이 있는데 본 연구에서는 요인별 점검법을 바탕으로 하여 입지기준을 제시하였다. 이에 따라 입지선정 기준으로 경제성과 개발의 용의성, 접근성과 편의성, 농업여건, 토양여건, 인력자원 지원이 가능한 곳 그리고 연계성과 형평성이 고려되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.243-262
• /
• 2015

Optimal sensor placement (OSP) is a critical issue in construction and implementation of a sophisticated structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The uncertainties in the identified structural parameters based on the measured data may dramatically reduce the reliability of the condition evaluation results. In this paper, the information entropy, which provides an uncertainty metric for the identified structural parameters, is adopted as the performance measure for a sensor configuration, and the OSP problem is formulated as the multi-objective optimization problem of extracting the Pareto optimal sensor configurations that simultaneously minimize the appropriately defined information entropy indices. The nondirective movement glowworm swarm optimization (NMGSO) algorithm (based on the basic glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm) is proposed for identifying the effective Pareto optimal sensor configurations. The one-dimensional binary coding system is introduced to code the glowworms instead of the real vector coding method. The Hamming distance is employed to describe the divergence of different glowworms. The luciferin level of the glowworm is defined as a function of the rank value (RV) and the crowding distance (CD), which are deduced by non-dominated sorting. In addition, nondirective movement is developed to relocate the glowworms. A numerical simulation of a long-span suspension bridge is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the NMGSO algorithm. The results indicate that the NMGSO algorithm is capable of capturing the Pareto optimal sensor configurations with high accuracy and efficiency.