• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2022

In today's era of digital technologies, the problem of religious communication in the cyberspace is being actualized, since the globality and accessibility of the WWW makes it one of the most effective and promising channels for transmitting various kinds of messages, including those of a religious nature. Today, religious organizations and movements pay the closest attention to the virtual media space, not only using it to attract new followers, but also for religious PR, image-making and branding, informing the world about themselves through news from the life of the organization and its followers. An equally important form of electronic communication in the online sphere is currently the interaction of various religious movements and religious cultures in general, or the dialogue of confessions in particular. Research in the digital space makes it possible to identify important trends in religious spheres based on the analysis of the flow of information on the Internet, to demonstrate the specifics of individual media outlets and the consequences of their activities for interreligious dialogue, to study the role of the Internet in changing religious beliefs, the possibility of changing religious identity, retrospective development of religious enlightenment at the turn of the century, to determine the vectors of possible interreligious interaction and discuss the role of digital technologies in the work of religious structures, to state the need to continue an active dialogue between representatives of religious movements, to hold expert seminars on interreligious dialogue on a regular basis, and to record the risks generated by the digital space. Thus, the coronavirus pandemic served as a background and context, a litmus test and a catalyst for accelerating and intensifying interreligious, interfaith dialogue and dialogue between religious organizations and society.

• 수완나부미
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.149-180
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• 2023

This article explores religious responses to significant cultural and social change in a northern Vietnamese delta village from 1996 to 2008-the second decade after de-collectivization. Drawing upon extensive fieldwork in both the village and surrounding religious networks, the article teases out the meanings of the new religious movements for northern rural people in the new era of market economy; the symbols, language, and metaphoric resources people used in response to their uncertainty and mistrust of the new social landscape; and the unintended consequences of rapid societal development such as marginalization, tensions, and social disintegration. The article argues that as in milleniarism elsewhere, new religious movements in northern rural Vietnam embody unorthodox syncretism between world religious and local traditions, thus linking past, present, and future. However, when drawing upon a common reservoir of memories and experiences to cope with risks and challenges of the new market world, local people not only drew on the power and imperial metaphor of deities in their traditional religion and belief, but became more creative to recuperate meanings, standards, and symbols from revolutionary discourse to reorient themselves, and overcome alienation and marginalization.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제29집
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• pp.241-278
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• 2017

이 논문은 한국 종교에 대한 비판적인 견해의 대대적인 표출 현상(안티 종교운동)을 정리하고 유형화한 뒤 그 의미를 분석한 글이다. 이를 위해 먼저 현대의 범세계적인 종교변동부터 살폈다. 세계종교는 지구촌 의식 출현에 영향을 받아왔다. 그 결과 그들은 과거와의 연속성을 유지한 채 여러 종교의 공통 기반 위에서 보편성을 획득하려하고 있다. 그러한 모습은 스스로의 정체성을 계속 유지하려들거나, 전통을 재창조하려하거나 혹은 현대에 맞게 변용시키거나, 혁신적으로 변화를 추구하거나, 민족주의와 결탁하거나 하는 여러 유형으로 중첩되어 나타나곤 한다. 세계종교에서 살필 수 있는 이러한 변동들이 한국 사회에서는 어떻게 관찰되는가? 대체로 현 시대의 한국 종교상황은 개신교에 대한 비판이나 혁신 요구, 소수종교에 대한 공격, 학계와 언론의 종교 개혁요구, 종교무용론 전파, 유튜브 등 인터넷과 멀티미디어를 활용한 종교 비판 등으로 나타나고 있는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 종교 비판은 안티 종교운동으로 읽혀진다. 종교 외적으로는 서구 학자들이 제기하고 있는 종교무용론이나 과학 또는 역사적 관점에서의 종교 비판 이론이 서점을 중심으로 전파되고 있으며, 종교 내적으로는 개신교를 중심으로 자신의 내부를 반성하고 새로운 초종교적 영성을 강조하는 방향으로 흐르고 있다는 것이 그 내용이다. 과거에도 물론 종교 일반과 특정 종교에 대한 비판은 제기되었다. 그러나 최근에 우리나라에서 진행되고 있는 안티 종교운동은 그 내용과 맥락에서 과거와는 다른 양상으로 전개되고 있다. 특히 개신교에 대한 적극적이고 전반적인 비판 운동은 분명 새로운 현상임에 틀림없다. 적어도 개신교가 주요 대상이기는 하지만 현재 우리나라에서 진행되고 있는 안티 종교운동은 앞으로 우리나라의 종교변동을 살필 수 있는 주요 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2021

Scholars of new religious movements have emphasized the role of "second founders," such as Judge J.F. Rutherford for the Jehovah's Witnesses, Brigham Young for the Mormons, or Deguchi Onisaburo for Oomoto. They systematize and structure movements often created by the "first founders" with a minimal organization only. The paper argues that the model for the sequence first founder/second founder described by these scholars is the relationship between Jesus and Paul of Tarsus at the origins of Christianity. It proposes a comparison between Jesus of Nazareth and Kang Jeungsan, who established the tradition leading to present-day Daesoon Jinrihoe. It then summarizes the biography of Jo Jeongsan, recognized by Daesoon Jinrihoe as its "second founder" within the same tradition, and discusses the analogies between his connection to the "first founder," Kang Jeungsan, and the connection Paul of Tarsus established with Jesus Christ. The paper considers recent scholarship about Paul, often described as the "New Perspective on Pauline Scholarship." Paul never personally met Jesus Christ, except after the latter's death through a spiritual revelation, just as Jo Jeongsan never met Kang Jeungsan, except after his death, when he manifested himself to him in spirit. Nonetheless, Paul was able to decisively shape the largest branch among the followers of Jesus Christ, just as Jo Jeongsan originated the lineage leading to Daesoon Jinrihoe, currently the largest religious order among those recognizing Kang Jeungsan as the incarnated Supreme God.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.133-155
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• 2022

Throughout the Chinese sphere, that is, in the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, tea houses, tea stores, and tea meditation groups often without a particular religious orientation have appeared in the past decades. Tea lovers groups with various philosophical discussions appear throughout cyberspace, where people show their appreciation for tea as a drinkable delicious product and a spiritual tool. The question to be asked here is whether it should be recognized as a religious or spiritual practice agent in and of itself? Should we then talk about the present-day movement of teaism? If we do recognize this as a spiritual phenomenon, should it then be labeled as a New Religious Movement? The trajectory of tea in China is intrinsically connected to religious traditions. This connection is historical, yet it plays a part in the contemporary religious and spiritual sphere. The article explores the continuation and developments of tea culture in the context of the religious sphere of China, looking at practices connected to tea of communities, religious organizations, and individuals. The author explores how tea drinking, commercializing and tea related practices intersect with politics, materiality, and spirituality in contemporary society. In this context it is then argued that tea is a cultural element, religious self-refinement tool, and an active material agent with social-political capacities. The study includes historical narratives, ethnographic data, and literary sources about tea, making up a genealogy of tea which encompasses ritualistic aspects, economic aspects, and power relations related to tea in Chinese society.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제19권
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• pp.193-211
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• 2005

Korean religionist have actively participated in the movements of national security and peace, human rights and dignity, freedom and equal rights, and other social issues. Recently, either progressive or conservative religionists have strongly shown their different approaches in solving social issues, i.e., national security and peace in connection of 'national security law.' A few religious leaders' public views have been misused by some politicians. It is important for both the religionists and journalists in religious newspapers how to bring a harmonious resolution among the people who are either in conservatism or in progressivism. Social participation of religionists is both to respond to the timely situation of civil society and to realize freedom, equality, and peace to the society. Although the principle of the separation of religion and state was established to secure both the right of politics and the freedom of beliefs, political groups have either utilized or suppressed religions. Some politicians have also wrongly applied separation of religion and state by excluding religious aspects in public schools. Religionists and journalists of the religious newspapers should not provide one-sided prejudice but to provide objective information and its righteous analysis to guide people in the right direction to solve social problems. Also, religious newspapers should open a field of discussion how to resolve some issues between the 'national security law' and freedom.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-85
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• 2023

The politico-economic waives of Western imperialism and colonialism, along with Christianity, affected East Asia's geopolitical landscape in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While the Korean people (of the Joseon Dynasty) witnessed the incompetence of Buddhism, Confucianism, and folk religions in maintaining social cohesion with a sense of frustration, the new religious movements (NRMs) emerged to provide altrnative teachings of hope through historical figures like Choe Je-u, Kang Il-sun (or Kang Jeungsan), Na Cheol, and Pak Chungbin. In terms of popularity, colonial Korea (1910-1940) was impressed by the native groups of Cheondogyo (=Donghak), Bocheongyo, and Mugeukdo. Son Byong-hee (1861-1922) was the third leader of the first Korean NRM, but both Cha Gyeong-seok (1880-1936) and Jo Cheol-Je (= Jo Jeongsan) (1895-1958) participated in the post-Jeungsan grassroots movements. How, then, did both of these new religions originate? How did they conceptualise their deities and interpret their teachings differently? What was their policy for national independence? The article explores the socio-religious leaders, historical origin, organizational structure, deities, teaching and doctrines, patriotism, and conflicts of both NRMs in a comparative context. As such, this article argues that they both maintained patriotic characteristics, but that Cha's Bocheongyo community with its ' 60-executives' system (60 bang) failed to manage their internal conflicts effectively. Meanwhile, Jo Cheol-Je of Mugeukdo had the charismatic leadership needed to maintain Mugeukdo, despite being seen as a pseudoreligion under the colonial pressure of Shintoism.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.171-173
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• 2022

• 대순사상논총
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• 제35집
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• pp.39-71
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• 2020

1945년 해방 이후 한국 사회는 일제강점기와 항일독립운동의 기억을 끊임없이 소환한다. 그 과정에서 소수의 신종교단체들이 항일독립운동의 주체로 호명되지만, 종교와 항일독립운동을 연결하는 논리는 미약하다. 이러한 상황을 고려해, 이 연구의 목적은 정산과 무극도의 활동을 항일독립운동의 차원에서 조명하고, 이를 통해 종교와 항일독립운동을 연결하는 과정에서 발생하는 쟁점들을 성찰하는 데에 있다. 이와 관련해, 종래 항일독립운동과 연결된 정산과 무극도의 활동에 대해 대순진리회의 내부 자료(제II장)와 외부 자료(제III장)를 분석해 향후 과제를 제기하면서 종교와 항일독립운동 사이를 연결할 때에 성찰해야 할 부분들을 제시하였다(제IV장). 구체적으로, 제II장에서는 정산과 무극도의 항일독립운동에 대해 가족을 배경으로 한 정산의 항일의식과 3·1운동 참여 지시, 그리고 무극도의 산업활동으로 구분해 검토하였다. 제III장에서는 제2장의 내용에 대해 외부 자료들을 활용해 검토한 후 정산과 신자들의 항일독립운동에 대한 교단 내부와 외부 자료를 적극 발굴하는 일, 아울러 천자등극운동과 후천개벽 등을 항일독립운동 차원에서 조명하는 일을 연구 과제로 제시하였다. 정산과 무극도의 항일독립운동에 대해 전자는 무극도 내부와 외부 자료의 교차 검토를 가능하게 자료 내용의 신뢰도를 높이는 데에, 후자는 종교적 항일독립운동의 외연을 확대하는 데에 기여할 수 있다. 이어, 제IV장에서는 종교와 항일독립운동을 연결할 때 성찰할 부분으로 세 가지를 제시하였다. 첫 번째는 종교 관련 활동의 포함 여부를 결정하기 위해 항일독립운동의 범주 설정 기준이 필요하다는 점이다. 두 번째, 환원주의적 접근은 항일독립운동가들이 '신종교 형태'를 취한 이유, 그리고 종교를 가장했다고 평가한 단체들이 해방 이후에 종교적 정체성이나 성격을 유지·지향하는 이유를 설명하기 어렵다는 점이다. 세 번째는 종교와 항일독립운동 사이의 연관성을 정교하게 밝히기 위해 '부수적 차원'과 '목적적 차원'을 구분해서 '그 활동이 종교적 세계관에 근거하는지의 여부'와 '그 활동의 최종 목적이 항일독립인지 종교적 세계관의 구현인지의 여부'를 살펴야 한다는 점이다. 앞으로, 항일독립운동에 대한 사회적 기억 장치들을 고려한다면, 종교계나 학계는 이 주제와 관련된 연구의 활성화를 위해 필요한 자료들을 발굴하고 축적하는 일에 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. 동시에, 이러한 관심은 항일독립운동의 근거를 종교적 세계관에서 찾으려는 노력을 수반해야 한다. 정산과 무극도의 여러 활동을 항일독립운동 차원에서 정교하게 조명하는 일도 이러한 관심과 노력을 통해 가능해질 수 있다.

• 대순사상과 동아시아종교
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2023

This article explores the intersection of freedom of religion, sangsaeng, and symbiosis when considering the post-COVID study of religions, especially new religions. When it comes to the study of new and alternative religious groups, where there is more potential for misunderstanding and misinformation, it becomes all the more important-and indeed mutually beneficial, in the areas of religious liberty, religious freedom, and cross-cultural dialogue-to learn about a tradition by taking into account the spiritual life and practices of members themselves and their own sacred writings and practices. Daesoon Jinrihoe offers a case study of the importance of this principle and the notion of sangsaeng in particular is a fruitful utilitarian lens for thinking about how scholars, journalists, and others might approach the study of religion in our complex and global digital age of (mis) information. Daesoon Jinrihoe is also considered in light of Roy Wallis's typology of world-rejecting, world-affirming, and world-accommodating new religious movements. Open areas for sociological research are proposed and the nascent field of Daesoon studies is compared to some similar scholarly endeavors within NRM studies.